Social Fragmentation of Industrial Workforces. Yugoslav Motor Vehicle Industry During Self-Managed Socialism

AbstractThe article addresses the social differentiation among industrial workforces in two Yugoslav motor-vehicle factories in the period between 1965 and 1985. Along which lines did social inequalities, which were negated in official communist ideology manifest and how were they articulated? How were they dealt with in the complex environments of self-managed enterprises in respect to the official doctrine? Based on archival material from factory archives, the League of Communists and the socialist mass organisations and on published sources such as factory newspapers, the industrial workforces are described as heterogeneous with shifting affiliations between its sub-groups. Three dividing factors (1. blue-collar vs. white collar workers, 2. gender and 3. profession) are examined. Intersectional entanglements can be found, which systematically accumulated social advantages for certain social groups. Serbian and Slovene enterprises demonstrate many comparable tendencies. In reaction, official ideology attempted to detract attention from social stratification, employing symbolic recognition and calls for greater implementation of the principles of self-management.

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Social Fragmentation of Industrial Workforces. Yugoslav Motor Vehicle Industry During Self-Managed Socialism

Südost-Forschungen ◽

10.1515/sofo-2014-0115 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

pp. 351-373

Author(s):

Ulrike Schult

Keyword(s):

Social Stratification ◽

Social Inequalities ◽

Motor Vehicle ◽

Social Groups ◽

Self Management ◽

Complex Environments ◽

Archival Material ◽

Communist Ideology ◽

The Social ◽

White Collar Workers

Abstract The article addresses the social differentiation among industrial workforces in two Yugoslav motor-vehicle factories in the period between 1965 and 1985. Along which lines did social inequalities, which were negated in official communist ideology manifest and how were they articulated? How were they dealt with in the complex environments of self-managed enterprises in respect to the official doctrine? Based on archival material from factory archives, the League of Communists and the socialist mass organisations and on published sources such as factory newspapers, the industrial workforces are described as heterogeneous with shifting affiliations between its sub-groups. Three dividing factors (1. blue-collar vs. white collar workers, 2. gender and 3. profession) are examined. Intersectional entanglements can be found, which systematically accumulated social advantages for certain social groups. Serbian and Slovene enterprises demonstrate many comparable tendencies. In reaction, official ideology attempted to detract attention from social stratification, employing symbolic recognition and calls for greater implementation of the principles of self-management.

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Social Inequalities

The Handbook of Political, Social, and Economic Transformation ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198829911.003.0074 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 646-652

Author(s):

Raj Kollmorgen

Keyword(s):

Income Inequality ◽

Social Inequality ◽

Social Stratification ◽

Relative Deprivation ◽

Social Inequalities ◽

Social Groups ◽

Radical Change ◽

Social Transformations ◽

The Social ◽

The Impact

Social inequality means the existence of social status groups and, therefore, a normatively embedded structure of social stratification. This chapter deals with social inequalities and their dynamics as conditional and causal factors and as results of processes of radical change. Concerning the first aspect, the chapter discusses social class inequalities and dynamics of (absolute) impoverishment, relative deprivation, and rising expectations among certain social groups that may determine ‘transformative’ pressure or even revolutionary situations. Regarding the impact of social transformations on social inequalities, the chapter suggests that the more radical and complex the social transformations, the greater are their effects on social structures and regimes of social inequality. This thesis is underpinned by providing empirical findings on social mobility and income inequality in different historical waves and (sub-)types of transformation. Finally, the chapter identifies seven crucial bundles of factors determining the extent of income inequality as an outcome of current societal transformations and their characteristics.

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Doing Bodhisattva’s Work

Journal of Vietnamese Studies ◽

10.1525/vs.2020.15.4.4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 4-32

Author(s):

Le Hoang Anh Thu

Keyword(s):

Social Interaction ◽

Social Class ◽

Social Status ◽

Social Stratification ◽

Social Groups ◽

The State ◽

Ho Chi Minh City ◽

Class Identity ◽

The Social

This paper explores the charitable work of Buddhist women who work as petty traders in Hồ Chí Minh City. By focusing on the social interaction between givers and recipients, it examines the traders’ class identity, their perception of social stratification, and their relationship with the state. Charitable work reveals the petty traders’ negotiations with the state and with other social groups to define their moral and social status in Vietnam’s society. These negotiations contribute to their self-identification as a moral social class and to their perception of trade as ethical labor.

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Ēdiens kā sociālā slāņa un nacionālās piederības robežzīme

Aktuālās problēmas literatūras un kultūras pētniecībā: rakstu krājums ◽

10.37384/aplkp.2020.25.035 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 35-43

Author(s):

Sigita Kušnere

Keyword(s):

Social Stratification ◽

Social Groups ◽

Social Situation ◽

Literary Text ◽

Western Society ◽

Small Community ◽

Equal Rights ◽

The Social ◽

Hierarchic Structure ◽

Semantic Pluralism

Taking into account the research conclusions in social and natural sciences, gastropoetics as a research method allows to examine a literary text in-depth revealing the causal relationships and nuances of the psychological portrayal of characters, as well as analyse semantic pluralism providing more diverse interpretation opportunities of a literary text. In Andrejs Upīts’s novel “Bread” (Maize, 1914) the portrayed passengers of the third class train wagon are a micromodel of Western society, where food, sharing the food or its denial precisely reveal the hierarchic structure of community and the differences in social stratification, as well as human behavioural principles, which are based on the tradition that has evolved over thousands of years and can also be cross-compared with the behavioural principles observable among animals. Other aspects include the social undermining of certain social groups, for instance, older people, children, foreigners, as well as the marginalisation of these groups denying them the freedom of choice or action, equal rights, etc. Upīts in his novel constructs a social situation of a small community, accurately revealing the hierarchic structure, as well as collaboration and relationship models of the community.

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O associativismo no município de Riacho de Santana - BA: desafios e perspectivas para o crescimento

Revista Brasileira de Educação do Campo ◽

10.20873/uft.rbec.e10418 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-27

Author(s):

Antonio Domingos Moreira ◽

Arlete Ramos dos Santos ◽

Emerson Antônio Rocha Melo de Lucena

Keyword(s):

Social Groups ◽

Self Management ◽

Family Farming ◽

Public Programs ◽

School Feeding ◽

National School ◽

Open Questions ◽

The Social ◽

Feeding Program ◽

School Feeding Program

This article presents an outline research that had as its main objective to discuss the collective organization of family production on associations in the municipality of Riacho de Santana - BA. To this end, we seek to highlight public programs and policies, such as the Food Acquisition Program (PAA) and the National School Feeding Program (PNAE), aimed at self-management of family farming within associations. The data were collected through questionnaires of open questions with presidents/representatives of the associations, whose analysis was based on the assumptions of Historical Dialectic Materialism - MHD. Upon analyzing the collected material, we concluded that the Riacho de Santana - BA associations were created to contribute to the permanence of workers in the field, the struggle for land and access to different public policies, and that these associations have been struggling to overcome the existing fragmentation in the social groups that make up family production in the researched context.

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Winners and Losers in Flexible Labor Markets: The Fate of Women with Chronic Illness in Contrasting Policy Environments—Sweden and Britain

International Journal of Health Services ◽

10.2190/utc5-p2fj-btba-0e3v ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 199-217 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Bo Burström ◽

Paula Holland ◽

Finn Diderichsen ◽

Margaret Whitehead

Keyword(s):

Chronic Illness ◽

Labor Markets ◽

Social Inequalities ◽

Social Groups ◽

Household Surveys ◽

Flexible Labor ◽

Policy Environments ◽

The Social ◽

Employment Rates ◽

The Impact

This study compares employment rates among men and women with and without chronic illness in the contrasting policy environments of Britain and Sweden, through analysis of household surveys for 1979–1995. Professional and managerial groups were winners in both countries, including during recession. By the 1990s, employment rates for healthy Swedish women were uniformly high across the social groups and almost comparable with those of their male counterparts; rates for women and men with a chronic illness were also comparable, albeit at a lower overall rate. The greatest losers were male and female unskilled manual workers in Britain. British women with a chronic illness in the 1990s had less than half the employment rates of healthy women. Such social inequalities were much smaller and less consistent in Sweden, where the impact of illness was softened for all social groups. In Britain, workless men tended to be classed as unemployed or permanently sick, while workless women were more likely to be classed as looking after home/family. Lesser differences were seen in Sweden. No evidence was found to support the hypothesis that women in general, and the less skilled and sick in particular, would be the winners in a more flexible, less regulated labor market—quite the reverse.

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The Psychological Mediators of Social Inequalities in Health: Self-efficacy in Europe and Russia

Sociological Journal ◽

10.19181/socjour.2018.24.4.6096 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 30-53 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nina L. Rusinova ◽

Viacheslav V. Safronov

Keyword(s):

Social Stratification ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Social Inequalities ◽

Well Being ◽

European Social Survey ◽

Psychological Resources ◽

Social State ◽

The Social ◽

Using Data ◽

Social Structuring

This study is devoted to psychologically mediating the social structuring of health. According to theoretical views, which have not yet received a convincing justification, the decline in the social status of an individual is accompanied by the loss of the psychological resources necessary to overcome the difficulties of life and the stresses caused by them, which leads to deteriorating health in the lower social strata. The verification of this assumption was carried out using data from the European Social Survey — representative surveys of the population of 27 countries conducted in 2012–2013. Studying indirect psychological effects has demonstrated that in many of these countries such a psychological characteristic as self-efficacy is indeed a mediator of the social structuring of health, especially prominent in many post-communist societies, but not in the most developed western countries where mediating effects turned out to be weak or completely absent. A two-level analysis of psychological mediation, depending on the factors of the economic well-being of countries, the development of a social state and cultural identity, does not support the assumption of the importance of an individualistic culture for the manifestation of mediation, and convincingly demonstrates that indirect effects are related to the social and economic context. In countries with a strong economy and social state, the distribution of psychological resources is barely related to the social structure — the relative well-being of the lower social strata, due to the developed system of state social guarantees, allows for many of them to maintain self-respect and optimism. Psychological resources, the distribution of which does not reflect social stratification, lose the role of a mediator. In the less developed part of Europe, where the lower strata cannot rely on comprehensive government assistance, the hardships of life and the stresses they generate lead to a loss of faith in themselves and in the possibility of changes for the better among people with low status, resulting in psychological resources acting as a mediator of health social structuring.

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Living with diversity or living with difference? International perspectives on everyday perceptions of the social composition of diverse neighbourhoods

Divercities ◽

10.1332/policypress/9781447338178.003.0010 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 211-234

Author(s):

Katrin Großmann ◽

Georgia Alexandri ◽

Maria Budnik ◽

Annegret Haase ◽

Christian Haid ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Environment ◽

Social Stratification ◽

Social Groups ◽

Social Categories ◽

Social Composition ◽

International Perspectives ◽

The Social ◽

Neighbourhood Change ◽

National Discourses

This chapter analyses which categories are mobilised by residents to describe the social groups in their area and which normative assessments are attached to those descriptions. This intersectionality approach allows one to see social stratification at work in how inhabitants of diverse neighbourhoods in Leipzig, Paris, and Athens perceive, describe, and judge their social environment. The three cities that are analysed represent different histories of diversification, and all three of them have experienced societal disruptions and change. The residents' own positionality shapes how they categorise other residents and judge their social environment. Moreover, the construction of social groups in diverse neighbourhoods in these cities draws on a variety of rather classic social categories and is influenced by national discourses. Stigmatisation often occurs at the intersections of these categories. Also, neighbourhood change is an important factor in the construction of social groups.

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Linguistic Expression of the Social Stratification of Chinese Urban Society

SHS Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/shsconf/20196900011 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 69 ◽

pp. 00011

Author(s):

Nadezhda Kotelnikova ◽

Elena Bakumova

Keyword(s):

Urban Space ◽

Social Stratification ◽

Life Style ◽

Social Groups ◽

Urban Society ◽

Value Orientations ◽

Chinese Society ◽

Semantic Class ◽

Modern Chinese ◽

The Social

The purpose of the article is to consider newly-emerging Chinese nominations of social groups, largely reflecting the development trends of modern Chinese urban society. The investigation is done from the perspective of urban communication studies. The social structure of the modern Chinese urban space is a self-developing system, the transformation processes of which are determined by many social and economic factors. Consequently, the dynamic social modernization of Chinese megacities is undoubtedly reflected in the vocabulary, the most susceptible to any changes in the life of society. This is manifested in a significant expansion of the semantic class of words associated with social stratification. The material for this study was neologisms, which denote social groups differentiated according to their life style. As a result, recent appearance of a large number of such neologisms in Chinese speaks about the dynamics of changes in modern Chinese urban society, about diversifying the lifestyles of citizens. All of the neologisms under consideration, having first emerged in the Internet, became widespread in Chinese society due to their active use of the media, which are the first to respond to changes in the development of society, contribute to the assessment of the surrounding reality, introduce new concepts and names of phenomena into a wide circulation. The new nominations of social groups are distinguished on the basis of the life-style criterion reflect transformations in the lifestyle of modern citizens, based on changes not only in socio-economic conditions, but also in mentality, as well as value orientations. The study of these lexical units allows us to trace the influence of the processes of globalization, modernization and urbanization on modern Chinese urban society, to identify the main trends in its development.

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