scholarly journals First Cost Calculation Methods for Road Freight Transport Activity

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
György Kovács
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Cost Calculation ◽  
Transport Activity ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Art Practices ◽  
Road Freight ◽  
The Individual

Abstract The transport activity is one of the most expensive processes in the supply chain. Forwarding and transport companies focuses on the optimization of transportation and the reduction of transport costs. The goal of this study is to develop a method which calculate the first (prime) cost of a given transport task more precisely than the state of the art practices. In practice the calculation of transport fee depends on the individual estimation methods of the transport managers, which could result losses for the company. In this study the elaborated calculation method for total first cost is detailed for three types of fulfilment of transport tasks. The most common type of achievement is, when “own vehicle is used with own driver”. A software was also developed for this case based on the elaborated method. Based on the calculations of our software, the first cost can be defined quickly and precisely to realize higher profit.

scholarly journals OPTIMIZATION METHOD AND SOFTWARE FOR FUEL COST REDUCTION IN CASE OF ROAD TRANSPORT ACTIVITY

2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
György Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Optimization Method ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Fuel Cost ◽  
Transport Activity ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Optimal Amount ◽  
Petrol Station ◽  
Decision Supporting ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Cost

The transport activity is one of the most expensive processes in the supply chain and the fuel cost is the highest cost among the cost components of transportation. The goal of the research is to optimize the transport costs in case of a given transport task both by the selecting the optimal petrol station and by determining the optimal amount of the refilled fuel. Recently, in practice, these two decisions have not been made centrally at the forwarding company, but they depend on the individual decision of the driver. The aim of this study is to elaborate a precise and reliable mathematical method for selecting the optimal refuelling stations and determining the optimal amount of the refilled fuel to fulfil the transport demands. Based on the elaborated model, new decision-supporting software is developed for the economical fulfilment of transport trips.

scholarly journals Inflammation, epigenetics, and metabolism converge to cell senescence and ageing: the regulation and intervention

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xudong Zhu ◽  
Zhiyang Chen ◽  
Weiyan Shen ◽  
Gang Huang ◽  
John M. Sedivy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Cell Senescence ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Cell Fate Decision ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fate Decision ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Remarkable Progress

AbstractRemarkable progress in ageing research has been achieved over the past decades. General perceptions and experimental evidence pinpoint that the decline of physical function often initiates by cell senescence and organ ageing. Epigenetic dynamics and immunometabolic reprogramming link to the alterations of cellular response to intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli, representing current hotspots as they not only (re-)shape the individual cell identity, but also involve in cell fate decision. This review focuses on the present findings and emerging concepts in epigenetic, inflammatory, and metabolic regulations and the consequences of the ageing process. Potential therapeutic interventions targeting cell senescence and regulatory mechanisms, using state-of-the-art techniques are also discussed.

scholarly journals Possible Impact of Long and Heavy Vehicles in the United Kingdom—A Commodity Level Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2754
Author(s):  
Heikki Liimatainen ◽  
Phil Greening ◽  
Pratyush Dadhich ◽  
Anna Keyes
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Freight Transport ◽  
Traffic Volume ◽  
Heavy Vehicles ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Modal Shift ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Road Freight ◽  
Transport Vehicle

The potential effects of implementing longer and heavier vehicles (LHVs) in road freight transport have been studied in various countries, nationally and internationally, in Europe. These studies have focused on the implementation of LHVs on certain types of commodities and the experience from countries like Finland and Sweden, which have a long tradition of using LHVs, and in which LHVs used for all types of commodities have not been widely utilised. This study aimed to assess the impacts of long and heavy vehicles on various commodities in the United Kingdom based on the Finnish experiences in order to estimate the possible savings in road freight transport vehicle kilometres, costs, and CO2 emissions in the United Kingdom if LHVs would be introduced and used similarly to in Finland in the transport of various commodities. The study shows that the savings of introducing longer and heavier vehicles in the United Kingdom would be 1.5–2.6 billion vehicle kms, £0.7–1.5 billion in transport costs, and 0.35–0.72 Mt in CO2 emissions. These findings are well in line with previous findings in other countries. The results confirm that considerable savings in traffic volume and emissions can be achieved and the savings are very likely to outweigh possible effects of modal shift from rail to road.

Predicting Psycho-educational Problems in Childhood

1978 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Howard S. Adelman
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Health Maintenance ◽  
Ethical Concerns ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Assessment Procedures ◽  
Mass Identification ◽  
Ethical Perspectives

Presented are (1) a brief synthesis of several key conceptual and methodological concerns and some ethical perspectives related to identification of psycho-educational problems and (2) conclusions regarding the current state of the art. The conceptual discussion focuses on differentiating prediction from identification and screening from diagnosis; three models used in developing assessment procedures also are presented. Methodologically, the minimal requirements for satisfactory research are described and current problems are highlighted. Three ethical perspectives are discussed; cost-benefit for the individual, models-motives-goals underlying practices, and cost-benefit for the culture. The current state of the art is seen as not supporting the efficacy of the widespread use of currently available procedures for mass screening. Given this point and the methodological and ethical concerns discussed, it is suggested that policy makers reallocate limited resources away from mass identification and toward health maintenance and other approaches to prevention and early-age intervention.

scholarly journals One for All: Neural Joint Modeling of Entities and Events

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 6851-6858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trung Minh Nguyen ◽  
Thien Huu Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Joint Modeling ◽  
Event Extraction ◽  
Event Trigger ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Novel Model ◽  
Argument Roles

The previous work for event extraction has mainly focused on the predictions for event triggers and argument roles, treating entity mentions as being provided by human annotators. This is unrealistic as entity mentions are usually predicted by some existing toolkits whose errors might be propagated to the event trigger and argument role recognition. Few of the recent work has addressed this problem by jointly predicting entity mentions, event triggers and arguments. However, such work is limited to using discrete engineering features to represent contextual information for the individual tasks and their interactions. In this work, we propose a novel model to jointly perform predictions for entity mentions, event triggers and arguments based on the shared hidden representations from deep learning. The experiments demonstrate the benefits of the proposed method, leading to the state-of-the-art performance for event extraction.

scholarly journals Estado del arte del rendimiento académico en la educación media

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (17) ◽  
pp. 197-220
Author(s):  
Oscar Hernán Cerquera Losada
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Secondary Education ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
School Achievement ◽  
The State ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The World ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
The Individual

Este documento muestra el Estado de arte de los determinantes del rendimiento académico en la educación media, teniendo en cuenta las principales investigaciones realizadas, tanto a nivel nacional como internacional, acerca de los factores que influyen en el logro escolar de los estudiantes. Con este trabajo, se busca establecer las principales variables, tanto en Colombia como en algunos lugares del mundo, que afectan el desempeño académico de los estudiantes. Este documento se organiza en dos sesiones, determinantes a nivel mundial y determinantes a nivel colombiano; cada sesión clasifica las investigaciones de acuerdo a los factores del estudiante, de la escuela y las características organizacionales y políticas. A pesar de existir muchas investigaciones sobre el tema, aún no se ha llegado a un consenso general sobre cómo determinar los factores del  rendimiento académico, pues en la realidad son muchas las características del individuo, la escuela o el sistema que se relacionan entre sí de diferente manera y pueden afectar el logro estudiantil.ABSTRACTThis document shows the state of the art of the determinants of academic achievement in secondary education, taking into account the main research conducted, both nationally and internationally, about the factors that influence school achievement of students. With this paper, we seek to establish the main variables which affect the academic achievement of students in Colombia as well as in some parts of the world. This document is organized in two sessions: world and Colombian determinants; each session classifies research according to the factors of the student, the school and organizational and political characteristics. Although there is much research on the topic so far it has not been possible to reach a consensus on how to determine the factors of academic achievement, because in reality many characteristics of the individual, of the school or of the system relate to each other differently and can affect student achievement.RESUMOEste documento mostra o Estado da arte dos determinantes do rendimento escolar no ensino medio, tendo em conta às principais pesquisas realizadas, tanto a nível nacional como internacionalmente, sobres os fatores que influenciam o desempenho escolar dos estudantes. Com este trabalho, se procura estabelecer as principais variáveis, tanto na Colômbia e em alguns lugares do mundo, afetando o desempenho acadêmico dos estudantes. Este documento está organizado em duas sessões, determinantes a nível mundial e determinantes a nível colombiano; cada sessão clasifica as pesquisas de acordó a os fatores do estudante, da escola e das características organizacionais e políticas. Embora haja muitas pesquisas sobre o tema, ainda não se chegou a um consenso geral sobre os fatores determinantes no desempenho acadêmico, porque na realidade são muitas as características do indivíduo, a escola ou o sistema que se relacionam uns com os outros de forma diferente e podem afetar o desempenho acadêmico.

Planning of Material Handling : Literature Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-44
Author(s):  
Péter Telek ◽  
Ákos Cservenák
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Material Handling ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Integrated Planning ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Individual Planning ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University

Nowadays, there are many well proved, effective processes to solve planning tasks in the field of material handling used advanced calculations forms and software. Unfortunately, most of them are used for individual tasks, so the applicability of their results is limited. The Institute of Logistics of the University of Miskolc has been working on integrated planning of handling machines for decades, where the individual planning tasks have to be solved together in a complex process. The main aim of this paper to give an overview about the state of the art of the planning of material handling, based on a literature review of the Science Direct publication database. As a result of this research we can determine some new direction for the planning of material handling.

Eine bibliometrische Analyse/PPC and machine learning A bibliometric analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (04) ◽  
pp. 220-225
Author(s):  
Matthias Schmidt ◽  
Janine Tatjana Maier ◽  
Mark Grothkopp
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Production Planning And Control ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Planning And Control ◽  
Individual Task ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control

Produzierende Unternehmen stehen in einem dynamischen Umfeld vor der Herausforderung eine zunehmende Datenmenge effizienter zu verarbeiten. In diesem Zusammenhang werden häufig Ansätze des maschinellen Lernens (ML) diskutiert. Der Beitrag stellt eine umfassende Aufarbeitung des Stands der Forschung bezogen auf den Einsatz von ML-Ansätzen in der Produktionsplanung und -steuerung (PPS) bereit. Daraus lässt sich der Forschungsbedarf in den einzelnen Aufgabengebieten der PPS ableiten.   In a dynamic environment, manufacturing companies face the challenge of processing an increasing amount of data more efficiently. In this context, approaches of machine learning (ML) are often discussed. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the state of the art regarding the use of ML approaches in production planning and control (PPC). Based on this, the need for research in the individual task areas of PPC can be derived.

Modular Microsystems with Embedded Components

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (1) ◽  
pp. 000735-000739
Author(s):  
Christian Boehme ◽  
Andreas Ostmann ◽  
Martin Schneider-Ramelow
Keyword(s):  
Data Transmission ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Video Stream ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Passive Components ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Usb Interface ◽  
I2c Bus ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Structure Environment

Each system is designed to fulfill the desired purpose. It is defined by its inputs, outputs, structure, environment, boundary, and the including elements (subsystems). Due to the ongoing miniaturization and integration the complexity of subsystems increases continuously. This paper is intended to demonstrate the build-up of modular Microsystems. By using the embedding technology, each subsystem (module) is interchangeable and stackable. Therefore, the functionality of the entire system depends solely on the selected modules. Moreover, the enhancement, expansion or redesign can be accomplished by replacing existing or adding new modules. The communication between the individual modules is based on the standardized I2C bus. Additionally, a USB interface has been implemented to manage the data transmission between the embedded camera module and a computer. The whole system recognizes each module and performs accordingly. The user can access sensor values, watch the video stream, and change the parameters of each module via a Graphical User Interface (GUI) on his computer. To achieve the build-up of the modular Microsystems we only used packaged active and passive components. Depending on the complexity of each module a core of up to eight layers is build up. The components are then soldered onto both sides of the core. At this point the components are embedded using a laminating press. The afterwards even surface is then structured again, to enable the stacking of the modules. Each step of the entire assembly process is done via state of the art circuit board processing technologies, including laser drill and laser-direct imaging.

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