scholarly journals The categorial, argument structural and aspectual indeterminacy of past participles: A holistic approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Wegner
Keyword(s):  
Common Core ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Structural Effect ◽  
Semantic Role ◽  
External Argument ◽  
Event Structures ◽  
Change Of State ◽  
Simple Event ◽  
Adverbial Clauses ◽  
The One

Abstract The present paper argues that all kinds of verbal and adjectival instantiations of past participles have a common core: a participial head associated with an argument structural effect, on the one hand, and an aspectual contribution, on the other. The former amounts to the suppression of an external argument (if present), which existentially binds the semantic role associated with this argument, and the latter renders simple event structures with change-of-state semantics (and only those) perfective. Based on these ingredients (and the contribution of the auxiliary have, if present), it is not just possible to account for how past participles elicit periphrastic passive as well as perfect configurations, but crucially also for their bare (i. e. auxiliaryless) occurrences in a range of distributions: stative passives, stative perfects, absolute clauses, pre- and postnominal occurrences, and adverbial clauses. These, in turn, differ in their properties on the basis of (a) the presence of a stativising PredP, (b) the availability of an adjectival head that triggers λ-abstraction of an internal argument, and (c) the complexity of the underlying verbal structure in terms of the availability of vP. This eventually allows for a ‘holistic’ approach to the flexibility of past participles that delineates a common core supplemented by distinct functional surroundings.

The social representations of the alcoholism and drug addiction in Portuguese workplace / Representaçöes sociais do alcoolismo e toxicodependência no meio laboral português

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Orlindo Gouveia Pereira ◽  
Jorge Ribeiro Pires
Keyword(s):  
Common Core ◽  
Semantic Network ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Semantic Role ◽  
Alcohol And Drugs ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One

The present study aims to evaluate how social representations, areinstrumental to evaluate the proneness to act of enterprises, employer’s and worker’s organizations, decision-makers against the abuse and dependence of alcohol and drugs in the workplace, in Portugal, in 2003.Both, the present and the previous studies (for the European Commission and the International Labour Offi ce, in 1993) adopted a strategic research design in witch representatives of the three above mentioned types of organizations were interviewed and answered similar questionnaires, and about social representations used a specifi c software developed by Pierre Vergès.Social representations of alcoholism and drug adicton, in Portugal,in 2003, are to enterprises, employer’s and worker’s organizationsclose to each other. Common core words are disease, dependenceand degradation. Categorization showed the central semantic role of(person’s) degradation. The categorization connection of enterprisesand worker’s organization are closer than the one of the employer’sorganizations. The semantic network is, in all cases more complex for alcohol than it is for drugs.It turns out that, in general, a decade of strategic studies, in Portugal, discloses an inhibition to act by the most responsible intervenient in the workplace in contrast to their own evaluation of the seriousness of the problem. Why this trend continues unchanged is out of the reach of the present empirical studies.

Sustainability as a measure of tourism success: the Portuguese Promotional Tourism Boards' view

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Costa ◽  
Mónica Montenegro ◽  
João Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Local Identities ◽  
Heritage Culture ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Tourism Destinations ◽  
The One

PurposeThe study explores the concept of sustainability as a measure of tourism success from the perspectives of the Portuguese Promotional Tourism Boards.Design/methodology/approachThe study reviews current approaches to defining sustainability and explores how this can contribute to measuring success in tourism destinations using the case of the Portuguese Promotional Tourism Boards to shed light on the theme issue question.FindingsThe evidence that the impacts of tourism are not all beneficial to destinations and their residents is mounting and well addressed by the main world tourism agencies who are now promoting alternative ways for the industry to adopt a more holistic approach to measure the success of tourism destinations. This approach is also being adopted and promoted by some of the world's best tourism destinations.Originality/valueBased on contributions from the Portuguese Regional Promotional Tourism Entities (ERTs), it was possible to define a successful tourism destination as the one that creates income for the local community and ensures the quality of life of the population; values and preserves local identities, heritage, culture and traditions; and promotes the sustainable use of ecosystems and the preservation of natural resources, while practising a circular economy approach. Based on the same source, it was possible to identify the most important variable in evaluating the success of a tourist destination: the level of satisfaction of residents with tourism.

Reviewing ocean governance in Asia

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-448
Author(s):  
Nalanda Roy
Keyword(s):  
Life Support ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Life Support System ◽  
Health It ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Global Commons ◽  
Ocean Governance ◽  
Power Game ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
The One

Oceans are the life support system for our planet and are vital to human health. It is said that half of the oxygen we breathe is generated by our oceans. However, ocean space is becoming more globalized over time. Hence, it is essential for countries to take up a more holistic approach to ending ocean exploitation on the one hand, and also to ensuring a healthy ocean future on the other. Today, maritime cooperation is key to the management of the global commons, and ocean governance is important in establishing maritime connectivity. This article is a qualitative analysis of how the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) will undertake such an initiative to promote diverse and collaborative ocean governance in Asia. The article will analyze whether ASEAN countries are ready to take up the great power game challenge, and simultaneously motivate each other to promote sustainable development of common ocean governance structures and principles in the region. Last but not the least, we will see how ASEAN (Way) will connect with global trends in order to realize its a vision of building a community conscious of its historical ties and cultural heritage to improve the overall ocean health in Southeast Asia.

Friday Prayer and the juristic theory of government: Sarakhsī, Shīrāzī, Māwardī

1986 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Calder
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Eleventh Century ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Law Schools ◽  
Political Aspect ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Friday Prayer ◽  
Traditional Pattern

Outstanding amongst the scholastic compendia of jurisprudence produced in the fifth/eleventh century are the Muhadhdhab of the Shāfi 'ī scholar Abū Ishāq al-Shīrāzī (d. 476) and the Mabsūt of the Ḥanafī scholar Shams al-Dīn al-Sarakhsī (d. 483). These works encoded three centuries of juristic speculation while confirming and promoting the distinctive patterns of their respective law schools. Both scholars, Sarakhsī in Qarakhanid Trasoxania, and shīrāzī in Saljūq Baghdad, were involved in the politics of their day, but produced no political theory seeparate from their large-scale works of furū' which followed the traditional pattern of furū' literature, established as early as Mālik. The holistic approach to divine law was the conformity to type of Sarakhsī's and shīrāzī's works helped to ensure them the classical status they acquired in the developing law-schools, and in the curricula of madrasas. The Kitāb al-Aḥkām al-sulṭāniyya of Māwardī (d.450)was in contrast, to a great extent, innovatory in subject matter and in structure, if not in juristic methodology. The difference between writers like Sarakhsī, on the one hand, and Māwardī, on the other, is not however simply formal: it includes a nicely distinguished approach to political power. The nature of this distinction might be demonstrated under a number of discrete headings selected from furū' literature. This essay is concerned with Friday Prayer (FP), a ritual generally recognized as having in some degree a political aspect.

Sublexical modality in defeasible causative verbs

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabienne Martin ◽  
Florian Schäfer
Keyword(s):  
Learning Process ◽  
Event Structures ◽  
Change Of State ◽  
Modal Component ◽  
Intentional Agents ◽  
Causative Verbs

This chapter is dedicated to an ambiguity characteristic of what we call defeasible causative verbs (of which ‘teach’ is an example). With agentive subjects, the change of state (CoS) encoded by these verbs (e.g. a learning process) can be entirely denied, giving rise to what we call the “zero-CoS” non-culminating reading of these verbs. With causer subjects, however, the same verbs seem to entail the occurrence of (a part of) the CoS (including in imperfective sentences). We argue that this ambiguity cannot be handled by positing different event structures under the agentive and non-agentive uses. Under the analysis proposed, the semantics of these verbs involve a sublexical modal component à la Koenig and Davis (2001), both with agent and causer subjects. In favor of positing a sublexical modality with all types of subject, we investigate the conditions under which the zero-CoS reading is available even with a subset of inanimate subjects and “non-intentional” agents.

The treatment of syntax by some early 19th-century linguists

1998 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Graffi
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Word Order ◽  
Common Core ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Human Thought ◽  
The Common ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
The One

Summary This article examines the views about syntax held by Humboldt, on the one hand, and by the founders of historical-comparative grammar (Bopp, Rask, Grimm, Pott, Schleicher), on the other. In general, it is noted that the grammaire générale tradition of 17th and 18th centuries still survives in the work of such scholars, despite of all criticism they seemingly raised against it. For Humboldt, the common core of all languages has its source in the identity of human thought; also his treatment of the verb and especially his reference to a ‘natural’ word order (i.e., SVO) are clearly reminiscent of this tradition. Traces thereof are also found in Bopp’s analysis of Indo-European conjugation, and in some of Rask’s writings. For instance, Rask, just as Humboldt, assumes a ‘natural’ word order and proposes a list of possible syntactic forms which closely remind us of Girard’s membres de phrase. Grimm’s position appears as more innovative, heavily influenced by a Romantic view of language, but some older conceptions sometimes show up in his work, e.g., when he deals with the notion of ‘subject’. Pott does not completely reject general grammar and a logically-based view of language; he only stresses the need of a more empirical approach than that adopted by the 17th and 18th century linguists. This picture radically changed with Steinthai and Schleicher: the former scholar pronounced a ‘divorce’ between grammar and logic, while the latter one argued that syntax does not belong to linguistics proper and rejected any possibility of postulating syntactic distinctions which do not have any direct morphological correlate.

scholarly journals Argument-Structure-Reducing Operations in Standard Arabic: An Exploratory Comparative Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. p1
Author(s):  
Abdellatif ED-DARRAJI
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Argument Structure ◽  
Subject Position ◽  
Direct Object ◽  
External Argument ◽  
Standard Arabic ◽  
Change Of State

This paper attempts to examine some argument-structure-reducing operations in Standard Arabic (SA for short). It is proposed here that some affixes (viz. prefixes and infixes) can decrease the argument structure (or valence) of the subclass of change-of-state (COS for short) verbs in the language under study. More specifically, these affixes function as unaccusativizers or decausativizers in that they can derive unaccusative COS verbs from causative COS verbs by suppressing the external argument of the latter verbs and syntactically promoting the direct object to subject position. Crucially, the ability of these affixes to affect the argument structure and the morphosyntactic realization of arguments is not limited to SA, but it has been attested in some other languages, such as Italian, Russian, Chichewa, Spanish, French, Eastern Armenian, West Greenlandic, and Tzutujil, among others.            

scholarly journals PERSPEKTIF AGAMA DAN KEBUDAYAAN DALAM KEHIDUPAN MASYARAKAT INDONESIA (Suatu Tinjauan Sosiologi Agama)

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Laode Monto Bauto
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Sociology Of Religion ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Community Groups ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Culture Influence ◽  
The One ◽  
Relationship Of

The relationship of religion, culture and community very important or is a system of life because of the interconnectedness of each other. But the question of keberagamaan and social development will not be complete if only seen from one particular aspect only. For that in looking at the question of societal must go through a holistic approach. Required studies as the study of the sociology of religion and vice versa. It means the study of the life of keberagamaan the community won't be completed without involving sociology, sociological stats helper monkeys do not judge the religion concerned. Each nation or group that actually live up to the mandate of each religion, therefore by itself will manifest harmony, brotherhood, peace and comfort in the life of bermayarakat. Because religions have taught the truth and goodness and distanced from all malice, strife, discrimination etc. Religious life looks on mindset, behaviour or attitude and way of living one's religious attitude embodiment and able to receive different neighbor any religion as a servant of God Almighty. Religion as a guide of human life created by God, the one true God through his life. Whereas culture is as a habit or an Ordinance of human life created by the man itself results from creativity, taste and karsanya given by the Lord. Religion and culture influence each other each other. Religion affects culture, community groups, and ethnic groups. The culture tends to be fickle to any people or groups who really lives in accordance with the mandate his religion each, hence will automatically be eventuate harmony, the peace and comfort in life bermayarakat. Because of religion have taught truth and goodness and removed from all philippic, dissensions, discrimination and others. Religious life looks on people think, behavior or attitude and manner embodiment attitude religious life someone and capable of receiving fellow different any religious as the servants of allah swt. Religion as a guideline human life created by god, of almighty god in lived his life. While culture is as habit or procedures of human life created by human beings themselves from the power copyright, taste and karsanya given by god. Religion and culture interplay each other. Religious affect culture, the group, and peoples. Culture capricious tending to any people or groups who really lives in accordance with each, amanah his religion hence with itself would be harmony, the fraternity, peace and comfort in life community. Because of religion have taught truth and goodness and badness, taking away from all dissensions, discrimination and others. Religious life seemed in a pattern of thought, of behavior or attitude and manner of living religious embodiment of the attitude of someone and capable of receiving a fellow who is different any religious a follower of allah swt. Religion as a guideline human life created by the lord of almighty god in lived his life. While culture is as the habit or procedures of human life created by human beings themselves from the power of copyright, taste and karsanya given by god. Religion and culture on each other. Affecting culture, religion community groups, and peoples.Keywords :Religion, cultural and society

scholarly journals KRÆFTPATIENTERS BRUG AF REIKI-HEALING SOM MAGISK PRAKSIS

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanne Bess Boelsbjerg
Keyword(s):  
Religious Coping ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Conventional Medicine ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Life Situation ◽  
Concurrent Use ◽  
Healing Ritual ◽  
The One ◽  
The University

Almost half the number of Danish cancer patients are involved in alternative or complementary treatments while receiving conventional cancer treatment. reikihealing is one of the alternative treatments they often seek out. It is a treatment that has a spiritual and holistic approach to both the person and the illness, claiming to transmit energy from the hands of the healer to the one being healed. This creates a contradiction with the concurrent use of conventional treatment which rests on a biomedical understanding of cause and effect. In this context, the use of reikihealing can be regarded as a kind of magical practice by cancer patients, who might not necessarily share the same underlying worldview as the reiki-healer. The basis for this article is a qualitative study called ‘Reiki-healing as Experienced by Cancer Patients’, undertaken at the University of Copenhagen and financed by the Danish Cancer Foundation. Here the cancer patients reported their experiences during reiki-healing and were asked to describe how they understood the treatment and what effects it had for them. Most of them referred to the healer as a gifted person who has the power to influence their minds and bodies or, notably, the way they conceive of themselves. These statements support the interpretation of reiki-healing as a magical practice, which is characterized by the placement of a magical agency as one of the components of a ritual – in this case, the healer. If the cancer patient shares the same holistic approach as the healer, the use of reiki-healing can turn out to be a spiritual or religious coping strategy, which helps the person to find meaning and support in times of crisis. In both examples, reiki-healing is used as a magical practise because of the opportunity it offers to influence the illness and life situation, which otherwise would be beyond the reach of conventional medicine. Keywords: Healing, reiki, religious coping, healing ritual, cancer  

scholarly journals The grammar of syntactic coreference

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-35
Author(s):  
Milivoj Alanovic
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Semantic Role ◽  
Propositional Function ◽  
Semantic Roles ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Syntactic Relations ◽  
Main Language

Since the notions of semantic and syntactic coreference, in the conceptual, terminological and theoretical sense, have long been known to the linguistic public, we consider it appropriate and worthwhile to point out the ways in which this type of connection between the grammatical units in the sentence is materialized. We especially wanted to draw attention to the inherent mechanisms of language which directly signal that the two forms, not necessarily different, are connected with the same meaning, and related to the same semantic role, for which it is directly responsible - the same propositional function they have. Although it may seem that the difference between semantic and syntactic coreference is not so significant, it has been revealed that in the latter case, the syntactic relations are the main language means of expressing propositional functions and corresponding semantic roles. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to highlight the syntagmatic mechanisms of language, with the help of which the structural, informative and informative hierarchy of the sentence members is carried out. The purpose of such hierarchization is not so much to streamline or rethink the structure of the sentence, but rather to ensure the integration of complex content on the one hand, and settle the situational significance of individual participants on the other hand.

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