Natural Inhibitors of Germination and Growth, V Possible Allelopathic Effects of Compounds from Thuja occidentalis

1990 ◽  
Vol 45 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 835-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Oster ◽  
Martin Spraul ◽  
Wolfhart Rüdiger
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Direct Analysis ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Thuja Occidentalis ◽  
Vacuum Method ◽  
Allelopathic Effects ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Germination And Growth

Abstract Volatile compounds which are released from fresh leaves of Thuja occidentalis inhibited germination of seeds of Amaranthus caudatus and Lepidium sativum. The volatile compounds were obtained by a vacuum method applied to the leaves, by direct analysis of the content of secretory organs and by solvent extraction of leaves. The bioactive compounds proved to be monoterpenes. The highest bioactivity were found for alcoholic compounds followed by ketones, esters and finally hydrocarbons. Non-volatile germination inhibitors which were ex- tracted with hot water were abscisic acid (3-4 µg/g fresh weight of leaves), and two oxidation products of thujone, 2-[2′-acetyl-l′-isopropyl]cyclopropylacetic acid (“Thujaketosaure”) and 3-isopropyl-5-oxohex-2-enoic acid. These compounds could also be prepared from thujone. The relationship of these compounds with possible allelopathic effects of Thuja occidentalis is discussed.

EFFECTS OF HEAVY METALS ON Lepidium sativum GERMINATION AND GROWTH

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 727-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasile Lucian Pavel ◽  
Dana Luminita Sobariu ◽  
Mariana Diaconu ◽  
Florian Statescu ◽  
Maria Gavrilescu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Germination And Growth

Natürliche Hemmstoffe von Keimung und Wachstum, I Ausarbeitung eines quantitativen Biotests und Anwendung auf Extrakte aus Spelzen von Avena sativa L. / Natural Inhibitors of Germination and Growth, I. Development of a Quantitative Biotest and Application upon Extracts from Husks of Avena sativa L.

1982 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 793-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Karl ◽  
Wolfhart Rüdiger
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Carbonic Acids ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
Natural Inhibitors ◽  
Lepidium Sativum L

Extracts from oat husks inhibit germination of a variety of seeds including Avena sativa L., Sorghum spec., Phalleris spec., Raphanus spec., Amaranthus caudatus, Lepidium sativum L. A quantitative assay for this inhibition was developed on the basis of percentage of root growth of Avena in the presence of extracted material compared with root growth of water controls. Fractionation of the extracts revealed that about half of the total inhibitory activity was found in the fraction of free organic acids. The inhibition was not due to known inhibitors. Abscisic acid. was not found in this extract. Phenole carbonic acids were determined in the extract. Their con­centration was too low to significantly contribute to the observed inhibitory activity.

scholarly journals Molecular Distributions of Soluble Oxidation Products from Coals Characterized by Mass Spectrometers

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Xing Fan ◽  
Fei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Direct Analysis ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Mass Spectrometers ◽  
Polycarboxylic Acids ◽  
Alkanoic Acids ◽  
Carboxylic Groups ◽  
Soluble Species

Oxidation of three coals with rank from lignite to anthracite in NaOCl aqueous solution was investigated in this study. The oxidation products were characterized by using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry. The results showed that most of organic compounds in coals were converted into water-soluble species under mild conditions, even the anthracite. Benzene polycarboxylic acids (BPCAs) and chloro-substituted alkanoic acids (CSAAs) were major products from the reactions. The products from lower rank coals consist of considerable CSAAs and most products from high rank coals are BPCAs. As coal rank increases, the yield of BPCAs with more carboxylic groups increases.

Allelopathic Effects of Lantana (Lantana camara) on Milkweedvine (Morrenia odorata)

Weed Science ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 757-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagi Reddy Achhireddy ◽  
Megh Singh
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Lantana Camara ◽  
Test Period ◽  
Percentage Germination ◽  
Allelopathic Activity ◽  
Foliar Symptoms ◽  
Allelopathic Effects ◽  
Germination And Growth

Allelopathic effects of lantana (Lantana camaraL. ♯3LANCA) residues (root, shoot), foliar leachates, and the soil (where lantana was grown) on milkweedvine (Morrenia odorataLindl. ♯3MONOD) seed germination and growth over a 30-day period were examined. Foliar leachates or the soil collected from the field where lantana had been growing had no effect on the final germination percentage or the seedling growth of milkweedvine. Incorporation of dried lantana shoot or root material into soil had no effect on the final percentage germination but caused significant reductions in milkweedvine growth over a 30-day test period. Roots were more inhibitory than shoots. Fifty percent of milkweedvine seedlings died within 15 days after germination at 1% (w/w) dried lantana root incorporation into the soil, and higher concentrations increased seedling death. Lantana roots incorporated into the soil produced foliar symptoms such as wilting and desiccation, whereas lantana shoots incorporated into the soil produced yellowing of the foliage of milkweedvine. Allelopathic activity of lantana residues was still strong even after decomposition of lantana residues for 4 weeks prior to the planting of milkweedvine seeds.

scholarly journals Effect of Omega-3 Microcapsules Addition on the Profile of Volatile Compounds in Enriched Dry-Cured and Cooked Sausages

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1683
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Solomando ◽  
Teresa Antequera ◽  
Alberto Martín ◽  
Trinidad Perez-Palacios
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Solid Phase Microextraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Oxidation Stability ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Meat Samples

The main goal of the present study was evaluating the effect of enriching meat products (cooked (C-SAU) and dry-cured sausages (D-SAU)) with monolayered (Mo) and multilayered (Mu) fish oil microcapsules on the profile of volatile compounds, with special interest in lipid oxidation markers. For that, Solid-Phase Microextraction (SPME) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) were used. Significant differences were found in the volatile compound profile between Mo and Mu, which was been reflected in the meat samples. Thus, in general, volatile compounds from lipid oxidation have shown higher abundance in Mo and C-SAU and D-SAU enriched with this type of microcapsule, indicating that the wall of Mu (chitosan-maltodextrine) might protect the encapsulated bioactive compounds more effectively than that of Mo (maltodextrine). However, this finding is not reflected in the results of previous studies evaluating the sensory perception and oxidation stability of C-SAU and D-SAU, but it should be considered since unhealthy oxidation products can be formed in the enriched meat products with Mo. Thus, the addition of Mu as an omega-3 vehicle for enriching meat products may be indicated.

Natural Inhibitors of Germination and Growth, III New α-Pyrones from Seeds of Rosa canina

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 490-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith Lohaus ◽  
Claudia Zenger ◽  
Wolfhart Rüdiger ◽  
Edmund Cmiel
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Dicarboxylic Acid ◽  
Parent Compound ◽  
Dimethyl Ester ◽  
Rosa Canina ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Germination And Growth ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Natural Inhibitors ◽  
C Nmr

Abstract The new α-pyrone derivative II was isolated in crystalline form from extracts of dormant seeds of Rosa canina. It inhibits germination of seeds of Amaranthus caudatus completely, but reversibly, at conc. > 2.5 × 10-5 м . Its chemical structure was elucidated by mass spectrometry, 1H-and 13C-NMR spectroscopy to be 3-methyl-1-oxa-bicyclo (4,1,0) hept-5-en-2-one-4,6-dicarboxylic acid di­methylester (II). It is derived from 3-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one-4,6-dicarboxylic acid by cyclo-propanation with diazomethane. The parent compound which is a natural product of the seeds of Rosa canina was isolated as its dimethyl ester I the structure of which was elucidated by mass and NMR spectroscopy. I shows less inhibition of seed germination than II. The reference a-pyrones dimethyl-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one-3,5-dicarboxylate (III) , 3-methoxycarbonyl-5-methoxycar-bonylmethyl-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one (IV), and isodehydracetic acid methylester (V) did not show any inhibitory activity. The relationship of II with threo-dihydrohematinic acid (VII) is discussed.

scholarly journals Formation of Highly Oxygenated Low-Volatility Products from Cresol Oxidation

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca H. Schwantes ◽  
Katherine A. Schilling ◽  
Renee C. McVay ◽  
Hanna Lignell ◽  
Matthew M. Coggon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Chemical Ionization ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Direct Analysis ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Particle Phase

Abstract. Hydroxyl radical (OH) oxidation of toluene produces the ring-retaining products cresol and benzaldehyde, and the ring-opening products bicyclic intermediate compounds and epoxides. Here, first- and later-generation OH oxidation products from cresol and benzaldehyde are identified in laboratory chamber experiments. For benzaldehyde, first-generation ring-retaining products are identified, but later-generation products are not detected. For cresol, low-volatility (saturation mass concentration, C* ~ 3.5 × 104–7.7 × 10−3 μg m−3) first- and later-generation ring-retaining products are identified. Subsequent OH addition to the aromatic ring of o-cresol leads to compounds such as hydroxy, dihydroxy, and trihydroxy methyl benzoquinones and dihydroxy, trihydroxy, tetrahydroxy, and pentahydroxy toluenes. These products are detected in the gas phase by chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) and in the particle phase using offline direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (DART-MS). Our data suggest that the yield of trihydroxy toluene from dihydroxy toluene is substantial. While an exact yield cannot be reported as authentic standards are unavailable, we find that a yield for trihydroxy toluene from dihydroxy toluene of ~ 0.7 (equal to the yield of dihydroxy toluene from o-cresol) is consistent with experimental results for o-cresol oxidation under low-NO conditions. These results suggest that even though the cresol pathway accounts for only ~ 20 % of the oxidation products of toluene, it is the source of a significant fraction (~ 20–40 %) of toluene secondary organic aerosol (SOA) due to the formation of low-volatility products.

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