Secondary Metabolites of Ponderosa Lemon (Citrus pyriformis) and their Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Cytotoxic Activities

2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 385-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalia Hamdan ◽  
Mahmoud Zaki El-Readi ◽  
Ahmad Tahrani ◽  
Florian Herrmann ◽  
Dorothea Kaufmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Ether Fraction ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Column chromatography of the dichloromethane fraction from an aqueous methanolic extract of fruit peel of Citrus pyriformis Hassk. (Rutaceae) resulted in the isolation of seven compounds including one coumarin (citropten), two limonoids (limonin and deacetylnomilin), and four sterols (stigmasterol, ergosterol, sitosteryl-3-β-D-glucoside, and sitosteryl-6ʹ- O-acyl-3-β-D-glucoside). From the ethyl acetate fraction naringin, hesperidin, and neohesperidin were isolated. The dichloromethane extract of the defatted seeds contained three additional compounds, nomilin, ichangin, and cholesterol. The isolated compounds were identified by MS (EI, CI, and ESI), 1H, 13C, and 2D-NMR spectral data. The limonoids were determined qualitatively by LC-ESI/MS resulting in the identification of 11 limonoid aglycones. The total methanolic extract of the peel and the petroleum ether, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate fractions were screened for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The ethyl acetate fraction exhibited a significant scavenging activity for DPPH· free radicals (IC50 = 132.3 μg/mL). The petroleum ether fraction inhibited 5-lipoxygenase with IC50 = 30.6 μg/mL indicating potential anti-inflammatory properties. Limonin has a potent cytotoxic effect against COS7 cells [IC50 = (35.0 ± 6.1) μM] compared with acteoside as a positive control [IC50 = (144.5 ± 10.96) μM]

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Akanda (Calotropis gigantea L.) on Some Pathogenic Bacteria.

1970 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Ashraful Alam ◽  
M Rowshanul Habib ◽  
Rarjana Nikkon ◽  
Matiar Rahman ◽  
M Rezaul Karim
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Calotropis Gigantea ◽  
Petroleum Ether Fraction ◽  
Ether Fraction

The antibacterial activity of methanol extract from the root bark of Akanda (Calotropis gigantea L.) and its petroleum ether, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions were investigated. Both of methanol extract and its chloroform fraction showed activity against Sarcina lutea, Bacillus megaterium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Petroleum ether fraction showed activity against Bacillus subtilis and Shigella sonnei whereas ethyl acetate fraction showed activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli at 20ìg/disc, 30ìg/disc and 40ìg/disc doses. Among the tested materials, methanol extract and its chloroform fraction showed comparatively better results. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for methanol extract and each fraction were also determined by serial dilution technique. Keywords: Methanol extract, Akonda (Calotropis gigantea), Petroleum ether fraction, Chloroform fraction and Ethyl acetate fraction.   DOI = 10.3329/bjsir.v43i3.1156Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 43(3), 397-404, 2008

scholarly journals BIOACTIVE CONSTITUENTS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIONS OF JATROPHA CURCAS

2018 ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
OGECHI O. ANYANWU*, K. G NGWOKE, F. B. C. OKOYE
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Mass Spectra ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Unknown Compound ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Inflammatory disorders are linked to the pathogenesis of several diseases. Limitations posed by synthetic anti-inflammatory agents had inspired the need to source for more effective and safer natural alternatives. This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory activities of the twig extracts and fractions of Jatropha Curcas (J. curcas) and also identify the phytocompounds responsible for its anti-inflammatory activities. The methanol/methylchloride extract of J. curcas twig was fractionated into n-hexane, ethyl acetate and butanol fractions. The effects of extracts and fractions of J. curcas twig on xylene induced topical inflammation were evaluated. HPLC and LC-MS of the promising fraction was evaluated. Results showed that the extract exhibited high anti-inflammatory activity at 500 µg/ear (66%) and 250 µg/ear (51%) compared to the positive control, piroxicam with 45% inhibition at 250 µg/ear. Ethyl acetate fraction significantly (p<0.05) suppressed the development of xylene ear edema compared to Piroxicam. HPLC of the fractions revealed the anti-inflammatory phytocompounds; pinoresinol, orientine, quercetin, septicin and naamin F. LC-MS analysis mass spectra showed mass peaks [M-H]-of m/z 299.4, 599.1 and [M+H]+m/z 301 which represents a mass of 300 of an unknown compound. These findings suggest that the twigs of J. curcas possess promising anti-inflammatory phytocompounds which justify its use in the management of inflammatory conditions in traditional medicines.

Characteristics of Anti-Fungal Activity to Alternaria alternate of Different Proportion of Extraction from Sunflower Discs and Stalks

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1561-1565
Author(s):  
Jialei Li ◽  
Ping Zhao ◽  
Ying Zhao ◽  
Li Tian ◽  
Zhenji Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Petroleum Ether Fraction ◽  
Fungal Activity ◽  
Ether Fraction ◽  
Anti Fungal ◽  
Alternaria Alternate

The characteristics of anti-fungal activity to Alternaria alternate of three fractions of water, ethyl acetate, petroleum ether of sunflower discs and stalks have been studied. The fractions of water, ethyl acetate, petroleum ether of sunflower disc and petroleum ether fraction of sunflower stalk have good anti-fungal activity to A. alternate. The best concentrations of anti-fungal activity to A. alternate of water, ethyl acetate, petroleum ether fractions and petroleum ether fraction of sunflower stalk were 320 mg/mL, 240 mg/mL, 160 mg/mL and 160 mg/mL, respectively. The anti-fungal activities to A. alternate of these four kinds of extract are increased with the increase in concentration and arrive at stability after the best concentration of anti-fungal activity to A. alternate. The ethyl acetate fraction and petroleum ether fraction of sunflower stalk had no anti-fungal activity to A. alternate.

scholarly journals A Cytotoxic Diterpenoid from Croton Membranaceus, the Major Constituent of Anticancer Herbal Formulations Used in Ghana

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0800301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel T. Bayor ◽  
John S. K. Ayim ◽  
Gemma Marston ◽  
Roger M. Phillips ◽  
Steven D. Shnyder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Bioassay Guided Fractionation ◽  
Prostate Cancers ◽  
Herbal Formulations

Croton membranaceus is used by herbalists and traditional healers in Ghana for the management of various cancers, especially prostate cancers. A methanolic extract of the roots showed cytotoxic activities against two cancer cell lines, and bioassay-guided fractionation of this extract revealed that the cytotoxic activity resided mostly in the ethyl acetate fraction. Six compounds were isolated from this fraction, including a new furano-clerodane diterpenoid (1), for which the trivial name crotomembranafuran is suggested. This compound exhibited an IC50 value of 4.1 μg/mL (10.6 μM) against human prostate (PC-3) cells, providing some support for the traditional use of C. membranaceus in the treatment of cancers.

scholarly journals Leaves of Stereospermum suaveolens DC Exhibit Anti-inflammatory and Anti-arthritic Potential Action in Experimental Animals

2021 ◽  
pp. 164-175
Author(s):  
R. R. Chanshetti ◽  
D. D. Bandawane
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Rat Paw Edema ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Rat Paw

Aim: The experimental investigation of current research work was to identify traditional rich claim of Stereospermum suaveolens DC leaves for anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic potential action in animals. Study design: Ethyl acetate fraction of Stereospermum suaveolens DC (Bignoniaceae) methanolic extract of leaves evaluated at 125mg/kg, 250mg/kg and 500mg/kg (p.o.) doses for anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity. Methodology: Ethyl acetate fraction of Stereospermum suaveolens DC (Bignoniaceae) methanolic extract of leaves was evaluated for phytochemical investigation for total flavonoid content using UV spectroscopy and TLC study. Carrageenan induced rat paw edema (Acute method) and Freund’s complete adjuvant (FCA) induced chronic arthritis in wistar rats were used as an animal models to claim Stereospermum suaveolens DC leaves for anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic potential.  The rat paw volume and percentage inhibition of the paw edema were evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity. The assessments of arthritis in rats were measured by haematological values and radiological examinations. Result: Ethyl acetate fraction of Stereospermum suaveolens DC (Bignoniaceae) methanolic extract of leaves showed presence of total flavonoids and saponins. The significant inhibition in paw volume and edema (p < .01) obtained at 250mg/kg and 500mg/kg oral dose. These obtained results were established confirmation outcome for presence of rich flavonoid contents in Stereospermum suaveolens DC leaves and provides valuable source of bioactive phytocomponents.  Conclusion: Ethyl acetate fraction of Stereospermum suaveolens DC (Bignoniaceae) methanolic extract of leaves  showed significant inhibition of inflammatory reaction as compared to standard drug indomethacin Sterospermum Suaveolens DC leaves were showed potential therapeutic role in treatment of inflammation and arthritis cases.

GC-analysis, and Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, and Anticancer Activities of Some Extracts and Fractions of Linum usitatissimum

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1306-1318
Author(s):  
Eman A. Morsi ◽  
Hend O. Ahmed ◽  
Heba Abdel-Hady ◽  
Mortada El-Sayed ◽  
Mohamed A. Shemis
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Anticancer Activity ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Anticancer Activities ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Context: Linum usitatissimum (Linn); known as Flaxseed, is one of the most important medicinal plants traditionally used for health benefits and also as nutritional purposes. Objective: Estimation of total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and evaluation of the antioxidant, antiinflammatory and anticancer activities have been performed on hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and methanol extracts and also on fractions of methanol extract (hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol). Materials and Methods: Phenolic and flavonoid contents were detected using spectrophotometric and colorimetric assays. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were estimated in-vitro. Anticancer activity of extracts was tested on Hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2) and breast cancer cell line (MCF7). Results: The methanolic extract and its ethyl acetate fraction showed higher contents of total phenols and flavonoids. Also, the methanolic extract showed a higher antioxidant activity. The butanolic and ethyl acetate fractions at concentration 500μg/ml yielded a higher percent of inhibition of protein denaturation; 87.9% and 90%, respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction and the methanolic extract showed an obvious anticancer activity against HepG2 and MCF7 (IC50=60±0.24 and 29.4±0.12μg. ml-1) and (IC50=94.7±0.21 and 227±0.48μg. ml-1), respectively. The GC-MS analysis showed that the methanolic extract had 32 compounds whereas the ethyl acetate and butanol fractions contained 40 and 36 compounds, respectively. Conclusion: Flaxseed contains different biologically active compounds that have been found to possess various activities, which can protect the human body against several diseases.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Aerial Parts of Adiantum capillus-veneris L. Growing in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-222
Author(s):  
Suvash Chandra Roy ◽  
BK Sajeeb ◽  
Md Abdul Muhit ◽  
Sitesh C Bachar
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Adiantum Capillus Veneris

The present study evaluated the antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of methanolic extract of aerial parts of Adiantum capillus-veneris L. and its different solvent fractions. The in vitro antioxidant activity was assessed by using 2,2’-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. The analysis revealed that ethyl acetate soluble fraction had the highest DPPH radicals scavenging property with IC50 value of 1.05 μg/ml as compared to positive control ascorbic acid (IC50 = 1.34 μg/ml). In addition, ex vivo cytotoxicity assay of A. capillus-veneris L. extract and its different fractions were performed against HELA cells line where 5-Fluorouracil was used as positive control. The result demonstrated that ethyl acetate and n-hexane soluble fractions showed prominent cytotoxicity with IC50 value of 5.68 μg/ml and 17.15 μg/ml, respectively. The study affirmed that superior antioxidant and cytotoxic activities were shown by ethyl acetate soluble fraction of methanolic extract of aerial parts of A. capillus-veneris L. growing in Bangladesh which indicate the presence of bioactive phytoconstituents in the extractives. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 18(2): 217-222, 2019 (December)

scholarly journals Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Cytotoxic, and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of the Leaves ofSolanum lycocarpumA. St. Hil. (Solanaceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Augusto Ferreira da Costa ◽  
Melissa Grazielle Morais ◽  
Aline Aparecida Saldanha ◽  
Izabela Caputo Assis Silva ◽  
Álan Alex Aleixo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Phenolic Composition ◽  
Cytotoxic Potential ◽  
Phenolic Constituents ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Later Phase

Ethanol extract and fractions obtained from leaves ofSolanum lycocarpumwere examined in order to determine their phenolic composition, antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic potential. High performance liquid chromatography coupled with DAD analysis indicated that the flavonoids apigenin and kaempferol were the main phenolic compounds present in dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions, respectively. The antioxidant activity was significantly more pronounced for dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and hydroethanol fractions than that of the commercial antioxidant 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol. The hexane and dichloromethane fractions were more active against the tested bacteria. The hydroethanol fraction exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity at the dose of 75 and 150 mg/kg in the later phase of inflammation. However, the antiedematogenic effect of the higher dose of the ethyl acetate fraction (150 mg/kg) was more pronounced. The ethyl acetate fraction also presented a less cytotoxic effect than the ethanol extract and other fractions. These activities found inS. lycocarpumleaves can be attributed, at least in part, to the presence of phenolic constituents such as flavonoids. This work provided the knowledge of phenolic composition in the extract and fractions and the antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities of leaves ofS. lycocarpum.

scholarly journals The Effect of Methanolic Extract and Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Kepel Fruit (Stelechocarpus burahol) to α-Glutathione S-Transferase Enzyme Concentration of Rat Liver and Blood Induced by CCl4

2020 ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Yusuf Rabbani ◽  
Claude Mona Airin ◽  
Sugeng Riyanto
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase

Degenerative diseases are mostly caused by high free radical concentrations in the body. Kepel fruit(Stelechocarpus burahol) is known to contain flavonoid compounds, a class of compounds that has free radicalscavenging activity in the body and could affect the activity of antioxidant enzymes. There have been reportsthat methanolic extract and ethyl acetate fractions of Kepel fruit have the lowest IC50 values, compared toextracts or fractions which are made using other organic solvents, on in vitro assays so that flavonoids aresuspected as responsible compounds to the free radical scavenging activity. This study aimed to identify thepresence of flavonoid content in methanolic extract and the fraction of ethyl acetate of Kepel fruit and also itseffect on rat alpha Glutathione S-Transferase (α-GST) enzyme concentration for the function to prevent hepaticcell damage due to carbon tetrachloride exposure. The identification of flavonoids content used a series ofcolor chemical reaction tests and thin layer chromatography that used silica gel 60F254 as the solid phase andmixture of ethyl acetate, formic acid, glacial acetic acid, and water (100: 11 : 11: 20 v/v) as the mobile phase.This study used 30 Sprague-Dawley female rats (age 2-3 months) that were grouped into 5 groups as solventcontrol (CMC-Na) group, negative control (CCl4) group, positive control (vitamin C) group, methanolic extractgroup, and ethyl acetate fraction group. All groups were induced with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) compoundsexcept for the CMC-Na solvent control group. Blood sampling at 0 h, 24 h, and 72 h, while liver sampling at 24h and 72 h, with 3 samples each group. The analysis of rat α-GST enzyme concentrations used theEnzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method. Based on the phytochemical test, the methanolicextract and the ethyl acetate fraction of Kepel fruit have been identified contains flavonoids compound. Basedon the in vivo study, the positive control group's α-GST enzyme concentration was decreased, while thenegative control group's α-GST enzyme concentration was increased. Administration of methanolic extractand ethyl acetate fraction also decreased both liver and blood rat α-GST enzyme concentrations, althoughwithout significant correlation, and still could prevent the hepatic cell damage due to carbon tetrachlorideexposure.

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS PENANGKAL RADIKAL BEBAS DARI FRAKSI KULIT KAYU SAGU BARUK (Arenga microcarpha Beccari)

PHARMACON ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 762
Author(s):  
Gerild Adrian ◽  
Edi Suryanto ◽  
Defny S. Wewengkang
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Petroleum Ether Fraction ◽  
Ether Fraction ◽  
Better Than

ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the antioxidant activity and free radical antidote from fraction of bark sago baruk (Arenga microcarpha Beccari). This study initiated by extracting the powder of bark sago baruk using the maceration method for 3 days with ethanol 80%. The extract then partitioned using a series of solvent such as petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, buthanol, aquadest. The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction had the highest free radical antidote content followed by the aquadest fraction, buthanol fraction, petroleum ether fraction. The content of free radical antidote respectively was 86,25%; 66,30%; 65,32%; 43,43%. Based on this study, the ethyl acetate fraction was the best fraction can act as an antidote to free radicals better than other fractions. Keywords: Bark sago baruk, fraction, free radical antidote ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan Aktivitas penangkal radikal bebas dari fraksi kulit kayu sagu baruk (Arenga microcarpha beccari). Penelitian ini dimulai dengan mengekstraksi serbuk kulit kayu sagu baruk menggunakan cara maserasi selama 3 hari dengan pelarut etanol 80%. Ekstrak kemudian dipartisi menggunakan pelarut petroleum eter, etil asetat, butanol, dan aquades. kemudian ditentukan aktivitas antioksidan dan penangkal radikal bebas. Hasilnya menunujukan bahwa fraksi etil asetat memiliki kandungan penangkal radikal bebas tertinggi diikuti fraksi aquades, fraksi butanol, dan fraksi petroleum eter. Kandungan penangkal radikal bebas berturut-turut adalah 86,25%; 66,30%; 65,32%; 43,43%. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa fraksi etil asetat dapat berperan sebagai penangkal radikal bebas lebih baik dibandingkan dengan fraksi lainnya. Kata Kunci:  Kulit Kayu Sagu Baruk, Fraksi, Penangkal Radikal Bebas

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