scholarly journals Antioxidant, Antibacterial, Cytotoxic, and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of the Leaves ofSolanum lycocarpumA. St. Hil. (Solanaceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Augusto Ferreira da Costa ◽  
Melissa Grazielle Morais ◽  
Aline Aparecida Saldanha ◽  
Izabela Caputo Assis Silva ◽  
Álan Alex Aleixo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Phenolic Composition ◽  
Cytotoxic Potential ◽  
Phenolic Constituents ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Later Phase

Ethanol extract and fractions obtained from leaves ofSolanum lycocarpumwere examined in order to determine their phenolic composition, antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic potential. High performance liquid chromatography coupled with DAD analysis indicated that the flavonoids apigenin and kaempferol were the main phenolic compounds present in dichloromethane and ethyl acetate fractions, respectively. The antioxidant activity was significantly more pronounced for dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and hydroethanol fractions than that of the commercial antioxidant 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol. The hexane and dichloromethane fractions were more active against the tested bacteria. The hydroethanol fraction exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity at the dose of 75 and 150 mg/kg in the later phase of inflammation. However, the antiedematogenic effect of the higher dose of the ethyl acetate fraction (150 mg/kg) was more pronounced. The ethyl acetate fraction also presented a less cytotoxic effect than the ethanol extract and other fractions. These activities found inS. lycocarpumleaves can be attributed, at least in part, to the presence of phenolic constituents such as flavonoids. This work provided the knowledge of phenolic composition in the extract and fractions and the antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities of leaves ofS. lycocarpum.

Secondary Metabolites of Ponderosa Lemon (Citrus pyriformis) and their Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Cytotoxic Activities

2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 385-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalia Hamdan ◽  
Mahmoud Zaki El-Readi ◽  
Ahmad Tahrani ◽  
Florian Herrmann ◽  
Dorothea Kaufmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Fruit Peel ◽  
Ether Fraction ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Column chromatography of the dichloromethane fraction from an aqueous methanolic extract of fruit peel of Citrus pyriformis Hassk. (Rutaceae) resulted in the isolation of seven compounds including one coumarin (citropten), two limonoids (limonin and deacetylnomilin), and four sterols (stigmasterol, ergosterol, sitosteryl-3-β-D-glucoside, and sitosteryl-6ʹ- O-acyl-3-β-D-glucoside). From the ethyl acetate fraction naringin, hesperidin, and neohesperidin were isolated. The dichloromethane extract of the defatted seeds contained three additional compounds, nomilin, ichangin, and cholesterol. The isolated compounds were identified by MS (EI, CI, and ESI), 1H, 13C, and 2D-NMR spectral data. The limonoids were determined qualitatively by LC-ESI/MS resulting in the identification of 11 limonoid aglycones. The total methanolic extract of the peel and the petroleum ether, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate fractions were screened for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The ethyl acetate fraction exhibited a significant scavenging activity for DPPH· free radicals (IC50 = 132.3 μg/mL). The petroleum ether fraction inhibited 5-lipoxygenase with IC50 = 30.6 μg/mL indicating potential anti-inflammatory properties. Limonin has a potent cytotoxic effect against COS7 cells [IC50 = (35.0 ± 6.1) μM] compared with acteoside as a positive control [IC50 = (144.5 ± 10.96) μM]

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening, Antibacterial and Cytotoxic Activity of Dendobium lasianthera J.J.Sm. from Papua

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-101
Author(s):  
Verena Agustini ◽  
Eva S. Simaremare ◽  
Elsye Gunawan ◽  
Jane Awom ◽  
Susan Wopi
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Cytotoxic Potential ◽  
Stem Extract ◽  
Ethanol Fraction

The aims of the study are to evaluate bioactive compounds, antibacterial and cytotoxic potential of D. lasianthera. This orchid grows well all over New Guinea Island as an ornamental plant because of their beautiful flowers. Orchids also known rich of its phytochemical compounds which already used as a traditional medicine in many countries around the world. However, research in pharmacological fields is still limited. In this study, leaves and stem of D. lasianthera were powdered and extracted with ethanol followed by fractionated using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol solvent. Extract as well as fraction were tested for phytochemical screening and determined antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus using Disc Diffusion Method. Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) was used to observe cytotoxic potential of leaves and stem extract and fraction at 10, 50, 100, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 ppm. The results showed that the leaves and stem extract contained tannin and alkaloids, separately. The ethanol extract of D. lasianthera showed 7.35 mm (leaves) and 7.43 mm (stem) inhibition zone against S. aureus Furthermore, the maximum inhibition zone of ethanol fraction of leaves and n-hexane fraction of stem were 8.42 mm and 8.10 mm separately. The LC50 of stem extract and fractions in these study were 699.3 ppm (ethanol extract), 602.1 ppm (ethyl acetate), 329.6 ppm (n-hexane fraction) and 676 ppm (ethanol fraction), whereas for leaves, only ethyl acetate fraction has toxict activity with an average LC50 833.2 ppm. Key words: D. lasianthera; phytochemical screening; antibacterial; cytotoxicity; Papua. 

scholarly journals Phenolic Constituents of Platanus Orientalis L. Leaves

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0800300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taha S. El-Alfy ◽  
Hamida M.A. El-Gohary ◽  
Nadia M. Sokkar ◽  
Amani A. Sleem ◽  
Dalia A. Al-Mahdy
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Phenolic Acid ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Flavonoid Glycoside ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Flavonoid Aglycones ◽  
Phenolic Constituents ◽  
Platanus Orientalis ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

A new flavonoid glycoside, 5,7,4′-trihydroxy-3,6-dimethoxyflavone-3′- O-β-D-xylopyranoside (axillarin-3′- O-β-D-xylopyranoside), was isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of the ethanolic extract of Platanus orientalis L. leaves, along with nine known flavonoid aglycones and glycosides, a phenolic acid and a phenolic acid derivative. Their structures were established on the basis of detailed spectral analysis. The total ethanolic, aqueous and ethyl acetate extracts of the leaves were tested for antihepatotoxic, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. The extracts were found to be effective in protection against CCl4 liver injury by significantly lowering alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels. The extracts also significantly restored depleted levels of glutathione, indicating a strong antioxidant activity, while they showed variable cytotoxic activity.

scholarly journals Cytotoxic Activity of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Aglaia elliptica Blume Leaves Extract on HepG2 Hepatocarcinoma Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Churiyah Churiyah ◽  
Ekclesia Yuliarni ◽  
Agung Eru Wibowo ◽  
Firdayani Firdayani
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Enzymatic Reaction ◽  
Docking Simulation ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Inhibition Of Proliferation ◽  
Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide ◽  
Hepatocarcinoma Cells

Aglaia elliptica Blume belongs to Meliaceae family which contain an active compound of rocaglamid as anticancer. The research was conducted to evaluate the biological activities of ethyl acetate fraction of Aglaia elliptica Blume leaves. The dry powder of Aglaia elliptica Blume leaves was extracted with methanol using maceration method, then was fractionated using n-hexane and ethyl acetate, guided by brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT). The most toxic fraction then processed by column chromatography and resulted in eight subfractions. Three of them showed the most toxic effect on BSLT namely FEA 3.3, FEA 3.4 and FEA 3.5 with LC50 of 40.81, 18.56 and 13.40 ppm respectively. The cytotoxic activities of those three active subfractions were assayed on HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells using enzymatic reaction of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazoyl-2-yl) 2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), and the results showed that the IC50 were 35.10, 14.36 and 14.09 ppm respectively. The most active sub fraction (FEA 3.5) was then performed further analyzed using preparative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC results indicated that there were three active compounds, which were suspected as derivatives of rocaglamid. The molecular docking simulation indicated that rocaglamide formed complex with Toll-like Receptor 4 in HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells and affected the inhibition of proliferation of its cell. Keywords : Aglaia elliptica Blume leaves extract, fractionation, BSLT, MTT assay,hepatocarsinoma cell lines

Antioxidant Activity, Inhibition α-Glucosidase of Ethanol Extract of Strychnos nitida G. Don and Identification of Active Compounds

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
Stefani Dhale Rale ◽  
Hasim Hasim ◽  
Syamsul Falah
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Activity Inhibition ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes

This study aims to find the treatment of diabetes using natural materials by exploring plants in the province of East Nusa Tenggara. his research was conducted out by extracting the Strychnos nitida G.Don stem using a method of maceration by ethanol 70%. Ethanol extract was then fractionated using n-hexane and ethyl acetate. Simplicia from maceration and fractionation results were then tested for antioxidant activity, α-glucosidase inhibition activity and identification of active compounds. The results showed that ethyl acetate fraction had the lowest IC50 value of 86.83 μg / ml. Results of the α-glucosidase activity test showed that ethyl acetate fraction and n-heksan fraction at 900 ppm had the highest percentage of inhibition of 34.23% and 33.89%. Identification using LCMS/MS method showed that ethyl acetate fraction consist of Benzenemethamine, N, N-dioctyl- as an antioxidantcompound and compound 24-methyl-5-cholestone-hexol as an antidiabetic compound. From the results of this study, we concluded that the extract of kayu ular Strychnos nitida G.Don stem has inhibition activity toward α-glucosidase enzyme.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity Test of Extracts and Fractions of Cassava Leaves (Manihot esculenta Crantz) against Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes Causing Acne

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Resmi Mustarichie ◽  
Sulistiyaningsih Sulistyaningsih ◽  
Dudi Runadi
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Active Fraction ◽  
Cassava Leaves ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

This study is aimed at determining antibacterial activity from ethanol extracts and the most active fraction of cassava leaves against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes. Research carried out by the experimental method involved determination of plants, extraction with maceration method, fractionation with liquid-liquid extraction, antibacterial activity testing of extracts and fractions by agar diffusion method, determination of most active fraction from the extract, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) testing of most active fraction by microdilution method. The results showed that ethanol extracts of cassava leaves had antibacterial activity against both bacteria with the most active fraction indicated by ethyl acetate. MIC values of ethyl acetate fraction against S. epidermidis were in the concentration range of 2.5%–5.0% (w/v) and against P. acnes were in the concentration range of 1.25%–2.5% (w/v). The MBC value of ethyl acetate fraction against S. epidermidis was at a concentration of 5% (w/v), while P. acnes was at a concentration of 2.5% (w/v). From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta Crantz) has antibacterial activity against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus epidermidis as well as on Propionibacterium acnes. The fraction with the best activity from the ethanol extract of cassava leaves to the two test bacteria was shown by ethyl acetate fraction. It is suggested that cassava leaves are possible to be developed into standardized antiacne herbal.

scholarly journals In Vitro Cytotoxic Effects of Secondary Metabolites Present in Sarcopoterium Spinosum L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 5300
Author(s):  
Jozef Hudec ◽  
Jan Mojzis ◽  
Marta Habanova ◽  
Jorge A. Saraiva ◽  
Pavel Hradil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Benzalkonium Chloride ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Sarcopoterium Spinosum ◽  
Mcf 7

Sarcopoterium spinosum (L.) is a medicinal plant traditionally used for the treatment of various diseases including cancer in the Near- and Middle East. The fractions and constituents of the ethanol extract of S. spinosum were screened for in vitro cytotoxic activities on Jurkat (acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia), HeLa (cervical adenocarcinoma), MCF-7 (mammary gland adenocarcinoma), Caco-2 (human colorectal adenocarcinoma), and MDA-MB-231 (mammary gland adenocarcinoma) cell lines using the MTT (3-(dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The ethanol extract was subsequently re-extracted with ethyl acetate and in its sub-fraction obtained by column chromatography three compounds (stachydrine, benzalkonium chloride and rutine) were the first time identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. The most active subfraction showed cytotoxic activity against HeLa, MCF-7, and Caco-2 cell lines. The three compounds mentioned, as standards of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) quality, were studied individually and in combination. Cytotoxic activity observed might be due to the presence of benzalkonium chloride and rutin. Benzalkonium chloride showed the strongest growth suppression effect against HeLa cells (IC50 8.10−7 M) and MCF-7 cells (IC50 5.10−6 M). The mixture of stachydrine and benzalkonium chloride allowed a synergistic cytotoxic effect against all tested cancer and normal cells to be obtained. Anti-cancer activity of the plant extract of S. spinosum remains under-investigated, so this research describes how the three major compounds identified in the ethyl acetate extract can exert a significant dose dependent in vitro cytotoxicity.

Anti-inflammatory Effects ofScoparia dulcisL. and Betulinic Acid

2011 ◽  
Vol 39 (05) ◽  
pp. 943-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jen-Chieh Tsai ◽  
Wen-Huang Peng ◽  
Tai-Hui Chiu ◽  
Shang-Chih Lai ◽  
Chao-Ying Lee
Keyword(s):  
Betulinic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Scoparia Dulcis ◽  
Inflammatory Mechanism ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Analytical Result

The aims of this study intended to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of the 70% ethanol extract from Scoparia dulcis (SDE) and betulinic acid on λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice. The anti-inflammatory mechanism of SDE and betulinic acid was examined by detecting the levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the edema paw tissue and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GRd) in the liver. The betulinic acid content in SDE was detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In the anti-inflammatory model, the results showed that SDE (0.5 and 1.0 g/kg) and betulinic acid (20 and 40 mg/kg) reduced the paw edema at 3, 4 and 5 h after λ-carrageenan administration. Moreover, SDE and betulinic acid affected the levels of COX-2, NO, TNF-α and IL1-β in the λ-carrageenan-induced edema paws. The activities of SOD, GPx and GRd in the liver tissue were increased and the MDA levels in the edema paws were decreased. It is suggested that SDE and betulinic acid possessed anti-inflammatory activities and the anti-inflammatory mechanisms appear to be related to the reduction of the levels of COX-2, NO, TNF-α and IL1-β in inflamed tissues, as well as the inhibition of MDA level via increasing the activities of SOD, GPx and GRd. The analytical result showed that the content of betulinic acid in SDE was 6.25 mg/g extract.

Effect of Chayote (Sechium Edule Jacq. Swartz) Extract on Level of Interleukin-8 in Wistar Rats with Aspirin-Induced Gastritis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hendrika Andriana Silitonga ◽  
◽  
Gontar Alamsyah Siregar ◽  
Rosita Juwita Sembiring ◽  
Marline Nainggolan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Interleukin 8 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sechium Edule

ABSTRACT Background: Recent studies showed that Interleukin-8 (IL-8), activated cytokine immune response which plays an important role in the development of acute and chronic gastritis. Harmless anti-inflammatory therapeutic alternatives have been proposed, for example, the consumption of Sechium Edule Jacq. Swartz (chayote). Antioxidant (flavonoid) and cell regeneration (alkaloid) agents were found in chayote. This study aimed to determine the effect of chayote Sechium Edule Jacq. Swartz extracts on the level of IL-8 in Wistar rats with aspirin- induced gastritis. Subjects and Method: This was a randomized controlled trial (RCT) conducted at the laboratory of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sumatra Utara from January to February 2020. A total of 35 male Wistar rats was selected for this study and randomly allocated into 7 groups: (1) Negative control; (2) Positive control; (3) 100 mg/ kg BW chayote ethanol extract ; (4) 200 mg/kg BW chayote ethanol extract; (5) 100 mg/ kg BW chayote ethyl acetate fraction; (6) 200 mg/kg BW chayote ethyl acetate fraction; and (7) 20 mg omeprazole. The rats in positive control and treatment groups were induced with aspirin (200mg/ kg BW). The negative control group received no intervention. The dependent variable was level of IL-8 measured by ELISA. The independent variables were treatment status. The data were analyzed by One Way Anova and post hoc test. Results: The mean differences of IL-8 level were not statistically significant between study groups (p= 0.327). Mean of IL-8 level was higher in positive control group (Mean= 160.80; SD= 6.90) than in negative control group (Mean= 141.20; SD= 10.98). The lowest IL-8 level was in 100mg/ kg BW chayote ethanol extract group (Mean= 149.94; SD= 40.4), followed by 200mg/ kg BW (Mean= 152.4; SD= 30.73) and 100mg/ kg BW (Mean= 164.60; SD= 25.04) chayote ethyl acetate fraction groups, 20 mg omeprazole group (Mean= 170.60; SD= 21.58), and 200 mg/ kg BW chayote ethanol extract group (Mean= 176.80; SD= 10.98). Conclusion: The low dose (100mg/ kg BW) chayote ethanol extract has the most potential antiinflammation effect on in vitro gastritis with the lowest IL-8 level of all doses of chayote ethanol extract, chayote ethyl acetate fraction, and omeprazole. Keywords: antiinflammation, IL-8, chayote ethanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction, omeprazole, aspirin induced gastritis Correspondence: Hendrika Andriana Silitonga. Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Methodist Indonesia. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: +6281361430688. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.35

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