scholarly journals The Survival of Sharia Islamic Divorce Law in the Syrian and Egyptian Personal Status Laws

DÍKÉ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 190-200
Author(s):  
Mohamad Alkhaled
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Family Law ◽  
Divorce Law ◽  
The Family ◽  
Personal Status

The family law was not codified in both Syria and Egypt until 1917 when the Ottomans issued the Ottoman Family Rights Law, which applied to Muslims, Christians, and Jews each according to its provisions. This Ottoman Family Rights Law and the book of the Egyptian scholar Muhammad Qadri Pasha (‘Legal Ruling on Personal Status’) formed the first core of personal status laws in both Egypt and Syria, which s explains the survival of Islamic law to this day in personal status laws, in contrast to other branches of law. This paper presents a comparative study between the Egyptian Personal Status Law No. 25 of 1920, and the Syrian Personal Status Law No. 59 of 1953, regarding divorce provisions.

scholarly journals THE COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CHILD DRUG ABUSE CASES

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Ibnu Taqwim ◽  
Pagar Hasibuan ◽  
Zulkarnain Zulkarnain
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Drinking Alcohol ◽  
Islamic Perspective ◽  
The Family ◽  
Approach Method ◽  
The Comparative Study

The inconsistency of law enforcement in implementing the substance of the narcotics law has led to a polemic in the community, especially against cases of drug abuse committed by minors, it becomes unclear, the approach method used in this study uses a normative juridical approach. The research found that children as perpetrators of narcotics crimes, if they are not proven to be dealers, which can be dangerous as a basis for imprisonment for children, it is necessary to be rehabilitated as regulated in the narcotics law. Considering that children who are perpetrators of narcotics crimes are only users and are affected by bad environmental conditions both in the family and the environment. Narcotics in the Islamic perspective is analogous to the prohibition of drinking alcohol. This prohibition is carried out because narcotics cause hatred, hostility, disaster and dangerous disasters, both for users, families, communities and the nation and state. Narcotics are prohibited in Islamic law and producers, dealers and users will be subject to Had or Ta’zir sanctions.

scholarly journals RANCANGAN QANUN HUKUM KELUARGA ACEH DALAM HIRARKI PERUNDANG-UNDANGAN INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fadli ◽  
Muammar
Keyword(s):  
Constitutional Law ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Family Law ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Indonesian Population ◽  
Unitary State ◽  
The Family ◽  
Aceh Province ◽  
Points Of View

This study wants to analyze the position of the Aceh qanun in the Indonesian legislative hierarchy. The discussion on the development of qanun cannot be separated from the events of the 1998 Reformation, which demanded the existence of democracy in various sectors of state life. The implementation of Islamic sharia in Aceh which is carried out by forming qanun-qanun is organized based on the Law on special autonomy, namely Law Number. 8 of 2001 concerning Special Autonomy for the Province of Aceh as the Province of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam and Law Number. 11 of 2006 concerning Aceh Government. The author analyzes the legality of the Family Law Qanun Draft with the construction of constitutional law in terms of two points of view, namely the formality of establishing legislation and the concept of a unitary state. Based on the background that has been elaborated above, the issues to be discussed are: (1) how is the legality of the Family Law Qanun Draft in terms of the concept of a unitary state? (2) how is the legality of the Family Law Qanun Draft in terms of the formality of forming legislation? The position of Qanun in the legal system in Indonesia is different from local regulations in Indonesia which are also based on several reasons. First, legally the position of Qanun in Aceh Province clearly has a stronger legal force compared to other regional regulations in Indonesia. Secondly, sociologically, the majority of Indonesian population, especially in Aceh Province, implies that they have practiced Islam in their daily lives. Although the level of acceptance of Islamic law itself is stratified, nevertheless Islam becomes the dominant value in daily life, both in the spiritual content, language, culture, practice of behavior to the implementation of Islamic Sharia itself. Third, in terms of Islamic law, the content is loaded with the theme of justice. Islam which in its teachings also contains legal rules is a teaching system as well as a methodology for its achievement, because every nation has the same and universal ideals, in the form of justice, order, peace, harmony, holiness, and so forth. This rule is of course in accordance with the needs of humans who live on this earth.Keywords: Qanun, Family Law, Legislation. 

scholarly journals THE PRINCIPLE OF SELF SUBMISSION IN DIVORCES CASES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF LEGAL CERTAINTY

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-78
Author(s):  
Haqqiyah Uthlufah
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Family Law ◽  
Analytical Tool ◽  
Legal Interpretation ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Marriage Law ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Divorce Law ◽  
Islamic Family Law ◽  
Materials Used

The problem of the principle of submission in the divorce law in the Religious Court by a non-Muslim couple occurs because the couple's marriage is based on Islamic law. What cannot be separated from Islamic law is Islamic family law because it is related to the faith of a Muslim. Islamic family law can only apply to Muslims and cannot apply to non-Muslims. The problem of the principle of submission to the divorce law was incomplete (incomplete norm) or the existence of a legal vacuum (vacuum of norm) in marriage law in Indonesia. This research is a legal research and is normative in nature. The approach used is statutory, case, and conceptual. The legal materials used are primary, secondary and tertiary. The method of collecting legal materials is first to qualify the facts and then to qualify the law. The analytical tool used is legal interpretation in the form of principal, systematic and grammatical interpretation.

scholarly journals HUKUM KELUARGA DI MESIR

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-108
Author(s):  
Nurinayah Nurinayah
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Family Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Muslim Countries ◽  
Personal Status ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
Limited Scope

The application of family law in Muslim-majority countries, especially the Middle East and its surroundings, has different practices, we do not find uniformity in family law practices in these countries. This is influenced by differences in government systems, cultures, situations and conditions of society of each country. Egypt is one of the predominantly Muslim countries which has established Islam as the state religion. Therefore, the principles of Islamic law are the main source of law in the making and formulation of laws, including family law. The practice of Islamic law in Egypt does not fully apply only to areas of family law in a limited scope including the distribution of inheritance and marriage. However, the application of family law in Egypt continues to undergo reforms and reforms. Family law reform took place in Egypt in 1920. This was marked by the promulgation of Law no. 25/1920 regarding family law and care (Law of Maintenance and Personal Status / Qanun al-Ahwal al-Syakhsiyyah wa al-Siyanah). Family law reform in the 1970s was marked by the issuance of laws regarding the authority to the judiciary to force parties (husbands) to pay maintenance fees to wives, widows, children, or parents in 1976. the current era of family law in Egypt continues to experience development. Abstrak Penerapan hukum keluarga di negara-negara yang berpenduduk mayoritas Muslim khususnya kawasan Timur Tengah dan sekitarnya memiliki praktik yang berbeda-beda, kita tidak menemukan keseragaman praktik hukum keluarga di negara-negara tersebut. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh perbedaan sistem pemerintahan, kultur, situasi dan kondisi masyarakat setiap negara. Mesir merupakan salah satu negara yang berpenduduk mayoritas Muslim yang menetapkan Islam sebagai agama negara. Karena itu, prinsip-prinsip hukum Islam menjadi sumber hukum utama dalam pembuatan dan perumusan undang-undang termasuk hukum keluarga. Praktik hukum Islam di Mesir tidak berlaku secara utuh hanya bidang-bidang hukum keluarga dalam ruang lingkup yang terbatas meliputi pembagian warisan dan perkawinan.  Namun, penerapan hukum keluarga di Mesir terus mengalami reformasi dan pembaruan. Pembaruan hukum keluarga terjadi di Mesir pada tahun 1920. Ini ditandai dengan diundangkannya UU No. 25/1920 mengenai hukum keluarga dan penjagaan (Law of Maintenance and Personal Status/Qanun al-Ahwal al-Syakhsiyyah wa al-Siyanah). Reformasi hukum keluarga pada tahun 1970an ditandai dengan dikeluarkannya aturan undang-undang mengenai kewenangan kepada lembaga peradilan memaksa pihak-pihak (suami) untuk membayar uang pemeliharaan kepada isteri-isteri, janda-janda, anak-anak, ataupun orang tua pada tahun 1976. Hingga era sekarang hukum keluarga di Mesir terus mengalami perkembangan.            

scholarly journals إشكالية انتهاء كفالة الطفل في قانون الأسرة والقضاء الجزائري

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-167
Author(s):  
Halima Mechouet ◽  
Asma Akli Soualhi
Keyword(s):  
Child Support ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Family Law ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
Judicial Decisions ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Family Code ◽  
Child Sponsorship

Abstract in English: In the article 46, the Algerian Family Code stipulates the following: "Adoption is prohibited by both the Sharia and Law". Therefore, it is clearly understood that the interdiction of adoption doesn’t contradict the Islamic law (Sharia). But due - on one hand - to the confusion in Algerian society with regard to the conception of adoption with all its consequences, and on the other hand the difficult situation of many abandoned children and the suffering of many families who are not blessed with the fertility or the capacity of reproduction, the Algerian legislature has been forced to find solutions to such difficult cases. Therefore, a child support legislation (guardianship or sponsorship) has been established under the following Articles 116 and 125 of the Family Code. The study was based on the Algerian laws on the issue of the termination of child sponsorship and applied by the Algerian judiciary. The problem of the study is to know the cases of termination of child sponsorship in the Algerian family law, and the position of the Algerian judiciary on this issue. This study aims to mention the cases in which the sponsorship of the child ends in the Algerian family law, and to discuss some of the Algerian judicial decisions issued by the Supreme Court, related to the subject of the study in question. The study relied on the analytical method, in order to analyze legal texts and discuss judicial decisions. The study concluded that the Algerian family law stipulated some cases in which the sponsorship of the child ends, and neglected to mention other cases.   Abstract in Arabic: لقد نص المشرع الجزائري في المادة 46 من قانون  الأسرة على  ما يلي: "يمنع التبني شرعا وقانونا".يتضح من تحليل هذه المادة أن المشرع منع الآخذ بنظام التبني تماشياً مع أحكام الشريعة الإسلامية. لكنه، ونظرا للمشاكل المترتبة على قضية التبني في المجتمع الجزائري من أخذ وردو كذلك بالنسبة للوضعية الصعبة لبعض الأطفال المهملين، وكذا معاناة بعض الأسر التي لا تنعم بالإنجاب، التجأ المشرع الجزائري إلى حل يتجلى في الكفالة، فنظم أحكامها في المواد من 116 إلى 125 من قانون الأسرة. استندت الدراسة إلى القوانين الجزائرية الخاصة بموضوع انتهاء كفالة الطفل والمطبقة  من طرف القضاء الجزائري. تتمثل إشكالية الدراسة في معرفة حالات انتهاء كفالة الطفل في قانون الأسرة الجزائري، وموقف القضاء الجزائري من هذه المسألة. تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى ذكر الحالات التي تنتهي بها كفالة الطفل في قانون الأسرة الجزائري،ومناقشة بعض القرارات القضائية الجزائرية الصادرة عن المحكمة العليا،والمتعلقة بموضوع الدراسة محل البحث. لقد اعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج التحليلي، وذلك من أجل  تحليل النصوص القانونية ومناقشة القرارات القضائية. لقد توصلت الدراسة إلى أن  قانون الأسرة الجزائري نص على بعض الحالات التي تنتهي بها كفالة الطفل،وأغفل عن ذكر الحالات الأخرى

A Prolonged Abrogation? The Capitulations, the 1917 Law of Family Rights, and the Ottoman Quest for Sovereignty during World War 1

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-260
Author(s):  
Kate Dannies ◽  
Stefan Hock
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Family Law ◽  
World War ◽  
Women And Gender ◽  
The Family ◽  
French And English ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Law ◽  
And Gender

AbstractThe 1917 promulgation of a new Ottoman family law is recognized as a landmark moment in the history of Islamic law by scholars of women and gender in the Middle East. Yet the significance of the 1917 law in the struggle over religious jurisdiction, political power, and Ottoman sovereignty has been overlooked in the scholarship on both Ottoman legal reform and World War 1. Drawing on Ottoman Turkish, German, French, and English sources linking internal interpretations of the law and external reactions to its passage, we reinterpret adoption of the family law as a key moment in the geopolitics of World War 1. We demonstrate that passage of the law was a critical turning point in the wartime process of abrogating the capitulations and eliminating the last vestiges of legal extraterritoriality in the Ottoman Empire. The law is situated in its wartime political context and the geopolitical milieu of larger Europe to demonstrate that, although short-lived, the 1917 family law was a centerpiece of the wartime struggle to define extraterritorial rights of the Ottoman Empire, the Great Powers, and their protégés within the empire.

scholarly journals Introduction

Hawwa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 117-142
Author(s):  
Susanne Dahlgren ◽  
Monika Lindbekk
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Family Law ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Nation States ◽  
The Family ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Muslim Family

Abstract This article focuses on adjudication of Muslim family law in countries that range from the Middle East and North Africa to South-East Asia. It begins by shortly summarizing the development of shari‘a in pre-modern times, up until the 19th century. We discuss the basic features of marriage among classical jurists and argue that the close connection known today between the family and Islamic law can be traced to the emergence of modern nation states and centralizing state structures. We then provide a description of important personal status reforms during the 20th and 21st centuries and consider the growing body of scholarship that engages with adjudication of Muslim family law in action and in context. Finally, we consider the contribution that the articles contained in the special double issue make to the field of research, including the questions of gender and judicial authority, religion-based judicial activism, and the courts’ involvement in larger socio-political processes.

scholarly journals Dinamika Hukum Keluarga Islam dan Isu Gender di Iran: Antara Pemikiran Elit Sekuler dan Ulama Islam

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-2020
Author(s):  
Fathonah K. Daud ◽  
Aden Rosadi
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Family Law ◽  
The Other ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
Marriage Law ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Library Research ◽  
The Family ◽  
Iranian Family ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran

This article examines the dynamics of family law in the Islamic Republic of Iran where there are upheavals and struggles between the secular elites and ulama from 1927 to the present day. This study applied a library research by digging up information related to the theme of the study. The results of this study indicate that the Islamic Republic of Iran is dominantly Shia Imamiyyah (Jafari) but it also accommodates the Hanafi (Sunni) School in the field of marriage law. Iranian family law has gone through many changes. Since 1928 the issue of divorce and marriage which was originally regulated in Irans Qanun Madani came into force in 1930, the Marriage Law was then enacted in 1931. After three decades, in 1967 there was a reformation, the Marriage Law was replaced by the Family Protection act, then it was replaced with the Protection of Family in 1975. These laws are a combination of Islamic Law and French civil Jurisprudence, though they seem more secular. However, since the Iranian Revolution in 1979, these laws have been abolished and all laws in Iran have been returned to sharia law. As a result, the laws become repressive against women, except in the field of inheritance which provides gender equality. While there have been many highly educated women in Iran, since 2006 many women have filed for divorce. On the other hand, the practice of mutah marriage has begun to be abandoned and polygamy is opposed by the community.

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