scholarly journals Determination of Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Bloodstream Infections-Isolated Bacteria From a University Tertiary Hospital Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Alka Hasani ◽  
Nasim Asadi Faezi ◽  
Mohammad Ahangarzadeh Rezaee ◽  
Elham Sheykhsaran ◽  
Narges Darabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Background: Bloodstream infections are considered a significant medical concern associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Therefore, physicians should be guided to use antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in order to select appropriate empiric antimicrobial agents to treat the patients who suffer from bacteremia. Objective: The present study aimed to determine antimicrobial resistance and susceptibility patterns in isolates collected from bloodstream infections. Materials and Methods: To achieve this, a total of 710 bacterial blood culture isolates were collected from Sina hospital, and then susceptibility patterns to a number of antibiotics were analyzed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. Results: The identified isolates included Staphylococcus aureus 14 (20.6%), Escherichia coli 14 (20.6%), Acinetobacter baumannii 12 (17.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 11 (16.2%), Coagulasenegative Staphylococcus 8 (11.8%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 6 (8.8%), and Enterobacter spp. 3 (4.4%). The total resistance rate to co-trimoxazole, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ofloxacin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, amikacin, and imipenem was 44 (64.7%), 42 (61.8%), 39 (57.4%), 38 (55.9%), 35 (51.51%), 32 (47.1%), 31 (45.6%), 25 (36.8%), and 27 (39.7%), respectively. Finally, the susceptibility rate to amikacin and imipenem was 43 (63.2%) and 41 (60.3%), respectively. Conclusion: In general, A. baumannii strains isolated from blood cultures were resistant to most antibiotics and the greatest sensitivity was observed to gentamicin (58.3%) compared to other antibiotics. Therefore, gentamicin was found as the most effective antibiotic for treating bloodstream infections caused by A. baumannii.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance among pathogens that infect the bloodstream: a multicenter surveillance report for 1998–2017

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
lei tian ◽  
zhen zhang ◽  
ziyong sun
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Rates

Abstract Background Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are a common consequence of infectious diseases and cause high morbidity and mortality. Appropriate antibiotic use is critical for patients’ treatment and prognosis. Long-term monitoring and analyzing of bacterial resistance are important for guiding physicians in choosing the appropriate antibiotics and understanding the changes in bacterial resistance and infection control. Here, we report a retrospective study on antimicrobial resistance in BSI-associated pathogens.Methods Data from the Hubei Province Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (HBARSS) from 1998–2017 were retrospectively analyzed using WHONET 5.6 software. Results Data from HBARSS (1998–2017) revealed that 40,518 Gram-positive bacteria and 26,568 Gram-negative bacteria caused BSIs, the most common of which were Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Drug susceptibility data showed that the resistance rates of E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae to cefotaxime were significantly higher than those to ceftazidime. Carbapenem-resistant (CR) E. coli and K. pneumoniae have also emerged. In 2013–2017, K. pneumoniae showed resistance levels reaching 15.8% and 17.5% to imipenem and meropenem, respectively, and Acinetobacter baumannii showed high resistance rates ranging from 60–80% to common antibiotics. Control of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains a major challenge, and in 2009–2017, the MRSA detection rate was 40–50%. Conclusions Prevalence of CR K. pneumoniae has increased significantly in recent years. Resistance rates of A. baumannii to common antimicrobial agents have increased exponentially, reaching high levels. MRSA remains a challenge to control.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance inStaphylococcus aureusand Coagulase Negative Staphylococci Isolated from Goats with Subclinical Mastitis

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Virdis ◽  
Christian Scarano ◽  
Francesca Cossu ◽  
Vincenzo Spanu ◽  
Carlo Spanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Gene Coding ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Antimicrobial resistance patterns and gene coding for methicillin resistance (mecA) were determined in 25S. aureusand 75 Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CNS) strains isolates from half-udder milk samples collected from goats with subclinical mastitis. Fourteen (56.0%)S. aureusand thirty-one (41.3%) CNS isolates were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents.S. aureusshowed the highest resistance rate against kanamycin (28.0%), oxytetracycline (16.0%), and ampicillin (12.0%). The CNS tested were more frequently resistant to ampicillin (36.0%) and kanamycin (6.7%). Multiple antimicrobial resistance was observed in eight isolates, and oneStaphylococcus epidermidiswas found to be resistant to six antibiotics. ThemecAgene was not found in any of the tested isolates. Single resistance againstβ-lactamics or aminoglicosides is the most common trait observed while multiresistance is less frequent.

scholarly journals Changing Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles among Neisseria gonorrhoeae Isolates in Italy, 2003 to 2012

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 5871-5876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Carannante ◽  
Giovanna Renna ◽  
Ivano Dal Conte ◽  
Valeria Ghisetti ◽  
Alberto Matteelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Sequence Types

ABSTRACTThe emergence ofNeisseria gonorrhoeaeisolates displaying resistance to antimicrobial agents is a major public health concern and a serious issue related to the occurrence of further untreatable gonorrhea infections. A retrospective analysis on 1,430N. gonorrhoeaeisolates, collected from 2003 through 2012, for antimicrobial susceptibility by Etest and molecular characterization byNeisseria gonorrhoeaemultiantigen sequence typing (NG-MAST) was carried out in Italy. Azithromycin-resistant gonococci decreased from 14% in 2007 to 2.2% in 2012. Similarly, isolates with high MICs to cefixime (>0.125 mg/liter) decreased from 11% in 2008 to 3.3% in 2012. The ciprofloxacin resistance rate remains quite stable, following an increasing trend up to 64% in 2012. The percentage of penicillinase-producingN. gonorrhoeae(PPNG) significantly declined from 77% in 2003 to 7% in 2012. A total of 81 multidrug-resistant (MDR) gonococci were identified, showing 11 different antimicrobial resistance patterns. These were isolated from men who have sex with men (MSM) and from heterosexual patients. Two sequence types (STs), ST661 and ST1407, were the most common. Genogroup 1407, which included cefixime-, ciprofloxacin-, and azithromycin-resistant isolates, was found. In conclusion, a change in the antimicrobial resistance profiles among gonococci was identified in Italy together with a percentage of MDR isolates.

scholarly journals Pediatric Antimicrobial Susceptibility Trends across the United States

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 1244-1251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranita D. Tamma ◽  
Gwen L. Robinson ◽  
Jeffrey S. Gerber ◽  
Jason G. Newland ◽  
Chloe M. DeLisle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
The United States ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms ◽  
Pediatric Healthcare ◽  
Regional Comparisons ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Over Time

Objective.Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns across US pediatric healthcare institutions are unknown. A national pooled pediatric antibiogram (1) identifies nationwide trends in antimicrobial resistance, (2) allows across-hospital benchmarking, and (3) provides guidance for empirical antimicrobial regimens for institutions unable to generate pediatric antibiograms.Methods.In January 2012, a request for submission of pediatric antibiograms between 2005 and 2011 was sent to 233 US hospitals. A summary antibiogram was compiled from participating institutions to generate proportions of antimicrobial susceptibility. Temporal and regional comparisons were evaluated using χ² tests and logistic regression, respectively.Results.Of 200 institutions (85%) responding to our survey, 78 (39%) reported generating pediatric antibiograms, and 55 (71%) submitted antibiograms. Carbapenems had the highest activity against the majority of gram-negative organisms tested, but no antibiotic had more than 90% activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Approximately 50% of all Staphylococcus aureus isolates were methicillin resistant. Western hospitals had significantly lower proportions of S. aureus that were methicillin resistant compared with all other regions tested. Overall, 21% of S. aureus isolates had resistance to clindamycin. Among Enterococcus faecium isolates, the prevalence of susceptibility to ampicillin (25%) and vancomycin (45%) was low but improved over time (P < .01), and 8% of E. faecium isolates were resistant to linezolid. Southern hospitals reported significantly higher prevalence of E. faecium with susceptibilities to ampicillin, vancomycin, and linezolid compared with the other 3 regions (P < .01).Conclusions.A pooled, pediatric antibiogram can identify nationwide antimicrobial resistance patterns for common pathogens and might serve as a useful tool for benchmarking resistance and informing national prescribing guidelines for children.

scholarly journals Need for Annual Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States: 2-Year Longitudinal Analysis

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 1037-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel F. Sahm ◽  
James A. Karlowsky ◽  
Laurie J. Kelly ◽  
Ian A. Critchley ◽  
Mark E. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Resistance To Penicillin

ABSTRACT Although changing patterns in antimicrobial resistance inStreptococcus pneumoniae have prompted several surveillance initiatives in recent years, the frequency with which these studies are needed has not been addressed. To approach this issue, the extent to which resistance patterns change over a 1-year period was examined. In this study we analyzed S. pneumoniaeantimicrobial susceptibility results produced in our laboratory with isolates obtained over 2 consecutive years (1997–1998 and 1998–1999) from the same 96 institutions distributed throughout the United States. Comparison of results revealed increases in resistant percentages for all antimicrobial agents studied except vancomycin. For four of the agents tested (penicillin, cefuroxime, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and levofloxacin), the increases were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Resistance to the fluoroquinolone remained low in both years (0.1 and 0.6%, respectively); in contrast, resistance to macrolides was consistently greater than 20%, and resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole increased from 13.3 to 27.3%. Multidrug resistance, concurrent resistance to three or more antimicrobials of different chemical classes, also increased significantly between years, from 5.9 to 11%. The most prevalent phenotype was resistance to penicillin, azithromycin (representative macrolide), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Multidrug-resistant phenotypes that included fluoroquinolone resistance were uncommon; however, two phenotypes that included fluoroquinolone resistance not found in 1997–1998 were encountered in 1998–1999. This longitudinal surveillance study of resistance inS. pneumoniae revealed that significant changes do occur in just a single year and supports the need for surveillance at least on an annual basis, if not continuously.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and Outcomes of Nontyphoidal Salmonella Bacteremias from England, 2004 to 2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon Katiyo ◽  
Berit Muller-Pebody ◽  
Mehdi Minaji ◽  
David Powell ◽  
Alan P. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
First Line ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Prolonged Hospital ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns ◽  
Emergence Of Resistance

ABSTRACT Nontyphoidal Salmonella (NTS) bacteremia causes hospitalization and high morbidity and mortality. We linked Gastrointestinal Bacteria Reference Unit (GBRU) data to the Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) data set to study the trends and outcomes of NTS bacteremias in England between 2004 and 2015. All confirmed NTS isolates from blood from England submitted to GBRU between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2015 were deterministically linked to HES records. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR), proportions, and confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to describe differences in age, sex, antibiotic resistance patterns, and serotypes over time. Males, neonates, and adults above 65 years were more likely to have NTS bacteremia (AOR, 1.54 [95% CI, 1.46 to 1.67]; 2.57 [95% CI, 1.43 to 4.60]; and 3.56 [95% CI, 3.25 to 3.90], respectively). Proportions of bacteremia increased from 1.41% in 2004 to 2.67% in 2015. Thirty-four percent of all blood isolates were resistant to a first-line antibiotic, and 1,397 (56%) blood isolates were linked to an HES record. Of the patients with NTS bacteremia, 969 (69%) had a cardiovascular condition and 155 (12%) patients died, out of which 120 (77%) patients were age 65 years and above. NTS bacteremia mainly affects older people with comorbidities placing them at increased risk of prolonged hospital stay and death. Resistance of invasive NTS to first-line antimicrobial agents appeared to be stable in England, but the emergence of resistance to last-resort antibiotics, such as colistin, requires careful monitoring.

scholarly journals Clinical Characteristics of Patients and Whole Genome Sequencing-Based Surveillance of Escherichia coli Community-Onset Bloodstream Infections at a Non-tertiary Hospital in CHINA

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fenghong Chen ◽  
Tao Lv ◽  
Yupeng Xiao ◽  
Aizhi Chen ◽  
Yonghong Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Whole Genome Sequencing ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Community Onset

Background:Escherichia coli is the most common pathogens in patients with community-onset blood stream infections (COBSI). Knowledge of the epidemiology of this disease is crucial to improve allocation of health resources, formulate isolation strategies that prevent transmission, and guide empirical antibiotic therapy.Methods: This retrospective observational study examined patients with E. coli COBSI (EC-COBSI) at a non-tertiary hospital in China. Whole-genome sequencing and analysis of the isolates was performed. The relationships of clinical variables with antimicrobial resistance and the genetic background of the isolates were examined.Results: There were 148 isolates in patients with EC-COBSI. All isolates were susceptible to ceftazidime/avibactam, carbapenems, and tigecycline; 35.1% were positive for extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL+); and blaCTX–M–14 was the most common ESBL gene. Patients with ESBL- isolates were more likely to receive appropriate empiric treatment than those with ESBL+ isolates (61.5% vs. 91.4%, p &lt; 0.001), but these two groups had similar mortality rates. The overall 30-day mortality rate was 9.5%. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the isolates were diverse, and that the main sequence types (STs) were ST95, ST131, and ST69. Intra-abdominal infection was the primary source of disease, and isolates from these patients had lower frequencies of virulence genes.Conclusion: The mortality rate of patients with EC-COBSI was unrelated to ESBL status of the isolates. Most isolates had low resistance to most of the tested antimicrobial agents. The isolates were diverse, and multiple strains were related. Prevention and control of EC-COBSI should target prevention of patient colonization and the living environment.

scholarly journals The characteristics of antimicrobial resistance and treatment of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections in children from 2013 to 2018 in a chinese tertiary hospital

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu-Qin Jia ◽  
Feng Pang ◽  
Xin Luo ◽  
Jian Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Adjuvant Therapy ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Invasive Procedures ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant ◽  
Enterobacteriaceae Infections ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacteriaceae

Abstract Background The aim of this study was to performe a retrospective analysis of prevalence and treatment of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) infections in children in a tertiary hospital. Methods The non-repeat clinical isolates of CRE in children were collected in Liaocheng People's Hospital from January, 2013 to December, 2018. The bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility was performed according to the standard methods. The isolated strains will be detected carbapenemases genotypes and homology analysis. All data on the culture-positive strains and associated clinical infection from different pediatric wards were reviewed. Results A total of 20 CRE strains isolated from pediatric patients, which derived from different infection sites and present a classification of multiple species of Enterobacteriaceae. And the production of IMP-type carbapenemase in these strains is the main reason of antimicrobial resistance. Most of the infected patients have severe comorbidities and invasive procedures, and use insensitive drugs due to the high resistance rates and medication restrictions. Nevertheless, most infected children have been treated despite the resistance of pathogens to multiple antimicrobial agents. In our follow-up survey, most children received adjuvant therapy such as human intravenous immunoglobulin, which may be an important factor in helping patients defeat pathogenic bacteria. Conclusions This study demonstrates a high prevalence of IMP-mediated CRE infection in pediatric patients with severe comorbidities and invasive procedures. Most children have been cured, which may be related to application of adjuvant therapy and weaker pathogenicity of the IMP-type Enterobacteriaceae.

scholarly journals Characterization of Multidrug Resistance Patterns of Emerging Salmonella enterica Serovar Rissen along the Food Chain in China

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 660
Author(s):  
Xuebin Xu ◽  
Silpak Biswas ◽  
Guimin Gu ◽  
Mohammed Elbediwi ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Salmonella spp. are recognized as important foodborne pathogens globally. Salmonella enterica serovar Rissen is one of the important Salmonella serovars linked with swine products in numerous countries and can transmit to humans by food chain contamination. Worldwide emerging S. Rissen is considered as one of the most common pathogens to cause human salmonellosis. The objective of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance properties and patterns of Salmonella Rissen isolates obtained from humans, animals, animal-derived food products, and the environment in China. Between 2016 and 2019, a total of 311 S. Rissen isolates from different provinces or province-level cities in China were included here. Bacterial isolates were characterized by serotyping and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 14 clinically relevant antimicrobials were obtained by broth microdilution method. S. Rissen isolates from humans were found dominant (67%; 208/311). S. Rissen isolates obtained from human patients were mostly found with diarrhea. Other S. Rissen isolates were acquired from food (22%; 69/311), animals (8%; 25/311), and the environment (3%; 9/311). Most of the isolates were resistant to tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, and ampicillin. The S. Rissen isolates showed susceptibility against ceftriaxone, ceftiofur, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, and azithromycin. In total, 92% of the S. Rissen isolates were multidrug-resistant and ASSuT (27%), ACT (25%), ACSSuT (22%), ACSSuTAmc (11%), and ACSSuTFox (7%) patterns were among the most prevalent antibiotic resistance patterns found in this study. The widespread dissemination of antimicrobial resistance could have emerged from misuse of antimicrobial agents in animal husbandry in China. These findings could be useful for rational antimicrobial usage against Salmonella Rissen infections.

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