scholarly journals Special Measures for Quality and Challenged Providers: Study Protocol for Evaluating the Impact of Improvement Interventions in NHS Trusts

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Fulop ◽  
Estela Capelas Barbosa ◽  
Melissa Hill ◽  
Jean Ledger ◽  
Christopher Sherlaw-Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Readiness For Change ◽  
Quality Improvements ◽  
Programme Theory ◽  
Quantitative Metrics ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Cost Consequence ◽  
Improvement Interventions ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Background: Healthcare organisations in England rated as inadequate in terms of leadership and one other domain enter the Special Measures for Quality (SMQ) regime to receive increased support and oversight. There is also a ‘watch list’ of challenged National Health Service (NHS) providers at risk of going into SMQ that receive support. There is limited knowledge about whether the interventions used to deliver this support drive improvements in quality, their costs, and whether they strike the right balance between support and scrutiny. The study will seek to determine how provider organisations respond to these interventions, and whether and how these interventions impact organisations’ capacity to achieve and sustain quality improvements over time. Methods: This is a multi-site, mixed methods study. We will carry out interviews at national level to understand the programme theory underpinning the interventions. We will conduct 8 NHS case studies to explore the impact and implementation of the interventions that form part of the SMQ and challenged providers programme. We will use a conceptual framework based on models of organisational readiness for change and draw on board maturity research for implementing quality improvement. We will also review the use of quantitative metrics and data for tracking the progress of improvements in quality of care and sustainability upon leaving SMQ, as well as the costs and benefits of the interventions through a cost-consequence analysis (CCA). Discussion: High-quality interventions that successfully support struggling healthcare organisations are essential and an issue that is an international concern. Our study will allow a greater understanding of the programme theory, impact, and staff views and experiences of the SMQ and challenged providers regime. Formative feedback will be reported to key stakeholders

scholarly journals Cost-Consequences Analysis of Increased Utilization of Triple-Chamber-Bag Parenteral Nutrition in Preterm Neonates in Seven European Countries

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2531
Author(s):  
Alexander Kriz ◽  
Antony Wright ◽  
Mattias Paulsson ◽  
Stephen Tomlin ◽  
Venetia Simchowitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
National Level ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Consequence Analysis ◽  
Cost Consequence ◽  
The Impact

The safety of parenteral nutrition (PN) remains a concern in preterm neonates, impacting clinical outcomes and health-care-resource use and costs. This cost-consequence analysis assessed national-level impacts of a 10-percentage point increase in use of industry-prepared three-chamber bags (3CBs) on clinical outcomes, healthcare resources, and hospital budgets across seven European countries. A ten-percentage-point 3CB use-increase model was developed for Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Spain, and the UK. The cost-consequence analysis estimated the impact on compounding error harm and bloodstream infection (BSI) rates, staff time, and annual hospital budget. Of 265,000 (52%) preterm neonates, 133,000 (52%) were estimated to require PN. Baseline compounding methods were estimated as 43% pharmacy manual, 16% pharmacy automated, 22% ward, 9% outsourced, 3% industry provided non-3CBs, and 7% 3CBs. A modeled increased 3CB use would change these values to 39%, 15%, 18%, 9%, 3%, and 17%, respectively. Modeled consequences included −11.6% for harm due to compounding errors and −2.7% for BSIs. Labor time saved would equate to 41 specialized nurses, 29 senior pharmacists, 26 pharmacy assistants, and 22 senior pediatricians working full time. Budget impact would be a €8,960,601 (3.4%) fall from €260,329,814 to €251,369,212. Even a small increase in the use of 3CBs in preterm neonates could substantially improve neonatal clinical outcomes, and provide notable resource and cost savings to hospitals.

Analysing Benefit Sharing Scheme as Compensation for Damages Caused by Resource Extraction in Indigenous Territory

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-116
Author(s):  
Maria Augusta León Moreta
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
National Level ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Cultural Economic ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Sharing Scheme ◽  
Mining Project ◽  
The Right ◽  
San Carlos ◽  
The Impact

In Latin America extractive operations have given rise to the loss and environmental degradation of indigenous peoples’ territories. This, in turn, has implied the denial of the access of indigenous peoples to essential resources for their cultural, economic and social development. To compensate the loss of their livelihood, the Inter-American Court on Human Rights, states, multinational and financial institutions have recognised the right of indigenous peoples to benefit sharing. This article analyses the impact of this mechanism on indigenous peoples’ lives. While the definition and scope of benefit sharing is still being shaping at international level, its implementation depends on the political and economic interests at national level. The case of Shuar communities in Ecuador affected by the Mirador and San Carlos Panatza mining project illustrates how a top-down hierarchical approach to implementation leads to violent confrontation between state, corporations and indigenous peoples.

The European Court of Human Rights Interptetation of Migrants Cases: Basic Doctrinal Approaches

2019 ◽  
pp. 132
Author(s):  
SVITLANA KARVATSKA
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
National Level ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Practical Consideration ◽  
European Court ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Migrants Rights ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

The doctrinal substantiation of the practical consideration of precedents in relation to ensuring and violating the migrants’ rights is in sight of the representatives of various field of science. It is also a subject of complex international legal, political, historical, economic, demographic, anthropological and social studies. However, a rapid dynamic development, caused by various factors in migration processes, and its institutionalization requires picky and thorough scientific analysis of some important issues such as the migration problem, the impact of the right to migrate, political and rational incentives for migration, consideration of the interpretation of such cases by the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) for a further and comprehensive settlement of migration policy on both European and national level. Although particular steps are being taken to create a sustainable regulatory framework for the recognition and assurance of human rights in response to current challenges and to systemic drawbacks of the national human rights mechanism – the problems of migration and asylum are very urgent and thorny. The purpose of the article is to analyse doctrinal approaches and legal positions of the ECtHR in the process of interpretation in the field of migration. The use of the research methodology was caused by the specifics of the study subject. The comprehensive approach to analysis, which combines a wide range of philosophical, general scientific, special scientific and legal methods, served as a research basis. Thus, the dialectical method has allowed substantiating a regular nature of the formation of an evolutionary approach to the interpretation of ECtHR judgments. The anthropological approach emphasized on the place and role of man in the process of legal interpretation. With the help of the hermeneutic method, the concept of the categories “migrant”, “migrants’ rights”, “asylum”, as well as the content of the doctrinal approaches and legal positions of the Court were disclosed, while a systematic method reflected the interrelationship between them. The statistical method made it possible to quantitatively synthesize the case law of the ECtHR in the field of migration and asylum. The use of the comparative method allowed to carry out a comparative analysis of doctrinal approaches employed by the Court in considering various categories of migration issues in different periods of its activities. It is proved that the ECtHR uses many doctrinal approaches, the Court emphasizes on the need to adhere to the principle of wide margin of appreciation. In cases of deportation of foreigners convicted of a criminal offense, the Court is guided by the principle of proportionality. Most of the cases examined by the ECtHR concerning migrants are related to the provision of asylum. The interpretation activities of the Court are focused on identifying barriers to asylum and formulating the principle of prohibition of dismissal, if the asylum seeker was forced to leave his country caused by various circumstances such as humanitarian crisis, non-selective violence, real threat / danger, denial of justice, or unlawful detention or conviction by a manifestly unfair trial in country of residence, or procedural violations against migrants and etc. The ECtHR has also focused on assessing the risks of not granting asylum, in particular, harsh treatment and has formulated the predominance principle of the child’s extraordinary vulnerability, which prevails over the status of the illegal stay presence as a foreigner on the territory of the state

scholarly journals Controversies regarding the Covid-19 pandemic in national and international tourism. Sociological and legal effects

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oprescu Georgiana
Keyword(s):  
Public Transportation ◽  
National Level ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
International Tourism ◽  
Sociological Perspective ◽  
The Government ◽  
Mental Wellness ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Healthy Body

The approaches considered by the authorities, generally enforced, during the “Covid 19” pandemic regarding the state of national and international tourism have been characterised as excessive and controversial not only from an economical point of view but as well as from a cultural and functional one, and they must be analysed from a sociological perspective. The shortage of medical, organisational and human resources, the lack of mental preparation of medical workers but as well as that of the population in terms of preventing massive losses led to the rapid destruction of what we used to call tourism. From a sociological perspective the world-wide blockage was mainly caused by the superficiality of the prevention methods adopted and by their radicality that blocked the entire economy. By this article I try to approach from a from a sociological point of view the “pandemic” effects that that have influenced and are still influencing tourism. In extenso, the plethora of factors like public transportation, hospitals, workplace and so on have provoked the rapid spread of COVID-19 virus and the impact was ravaging for the hospitality industry due to the fact that the client in his role of tourist received only negative signal, signals of fear and uncertainty. The controversies regarding different fields of national and international tourism are various in number, but the present interest lies in COVID-19 virus and a consequence of this plague is the foreclosure as opposed to the fact that by imposing the right measurements and by protecting this field in a composed way without letting panic to reach the population it would have been possible to at least mentain a constant level of activity in tourism and as a consequence a steady national and international economy. Furthermore, I want to issue the assumption that if there would have been a propper crisis-management on a national level, even on international one, a partnership between the government and the private sector, meaningfull aid coming from government towards the people, employees, antreprenours, elders, lower-class families, private inverstors, not only that from an economical point of view tourism could be saved but also a “positive aura” could have been built in the psyche of the individuals and that would have helped them to have a diffrent type of confinment. For excample, a 10 days stay in a highly reviewed an alternative method - provocative, peacefull and safe- but to acomplish this the hoteliere should revise the concept on which a touritic package is built (by offering services as therapy, medical check-up and so on). The motto of the new concept could be the old saying “A healthy mind in a healthy body“ -”Mens sana in corpore sano” in this way the panic, fear and seclusion could be replaced with cultural work and the right to mental wellness with the help ground-braking touristic offers. From a sociological perspective, in order to have a healthy mind in a healthy body or in order to strengthen our immune system, we, the ones that form the contemporary society should exploit outdoor activities, relaxation time, travelling, living, all this leading to the reinforcement of tourism

scholarly journals The impact of digitization on economy in the context of the Coronavirus pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 01018
Author(s):  
Crina Ionescu ◽  
Mihaela Iordache ◽  
Emilia Țițan
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
National Level ◽  
Value Added ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The Face ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Research background: As COVID-19 is posing unprecedented challenges, the governments as well as the individuals have to adapt to the shift towards a new lifestyle. The preventing measures against the spread of the novel coronavirus has important consequences on economy sectors both at global and national level. In this regard, it is the right time to accelerate the development of the digital tools and technologies that can help neutralize or at least mitigate the negative effects of the COVID-19. Purpose of the article: Therefore, the aim of this paper is to evaluate the current situation of digitization, focusing on the main transformations in recent months. Methods: Throughout the paper, there can be distinguished both qualitative and quantitative approach. The methods used include a secondary research from official information and primary quantitative research obtained from a conducted survey that explains the importance and the impact of digitization on economy in the face of a global pandemic. Findings & Value added: The article highlights the impact of digitization on the economy by comparing the findings from Romanian economy with other EU countries. It is noted that in areas where the digitization was more developed or where the adaptation to the new conditions imposed by the crisis generated by COVID-19 has been faster, the impact was significantly lower as well.

scholarly journals Using Cartographic Documents to Provide Geoinformation on the Rights to Real Estate—Taking Poland as an Example

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Ogryzek ◽  
Anna Klimach ◽  
Dominik Niekurzak ◽  
Michał Pietkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
National Level ◽  
Geospatial Data ◽  
Community Research ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Data Infrastructure ◽  
Utility Company ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

The current and planned EU regulations concerning INSPIRE have forced the Member States to develop national geoportals. The aim of creating geospatial data infrastructure was to unify the exchange of data at a national level, and consequently to create the INSPIRE geoportal by the Community Research Centre of the European Commission (JRC), which is to be the center of the European network of geospatial data infrastructure. New opportunities and new solutions to the problems have emerged through the use of thematic layers. The rights to the land each have potential restrictions on its use, and these rights can sometimes prevent the land from being used for its intended purpose. The purpose of the article is to demonstrate the possibility of developing maps showing the utility networks and the right to the land acquired by the utility company. The authors carried out a SWOT analysis of the systemic use of cartographic documents as a way of disclosing the rights to real estate in order to set up utility networks in Poland. The authors examined the impact of this solution on future property owners (investors) to provide them with full knowledge about a given area of real estate. Remote sensing methods may be useful for the disclosure of rights on maps of technical infrastructure, because currently there is no such information in the systems. The developed solution should be used by both local and national geoportals.

The Gazebo Café Skills Training Program — A Multi-perspective Evaluation

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-25
Author(s):  
Amanda Brooks ◽  
Esther May ◽  
Kobie Boshoff
Keyword(s):  
Service Providers ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Agency Staff ◽  
Employment Services ◽  
Training Centre ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
The Right ◽  
Supportive Community ◽  
The Impact

Interwork Limited is an open employment service that aims to maximise participation of individuals in the open labour market. As part of its services Interwork offers a Gazebo Café Program. The aim of this research project was to evaluate the impact of the participation in the Gazebo Café Program (a work preparation and skills training centre), from the perspective of key stakeholders. The rationale for this evaluation was to provide the management team of Interwork with information to inform decision-making for future directions of the Café. The project was undertaken as partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Applied Science in Occupational Therapy with Honours. In-depth interviews were conducted with three consumers, as well as two focus groups with four employment coordinators, and two referring agency staff members respectively. Analysis of the data revealed seven themes. The results suggested that participation in the Gazebo Café Program was a positive experience. Consumers felt they developed functional skills. Employment coordinators and referring agency staff emphasised the impact of the development of social and interpersonal skills. Opportunities to experience meaningful occupation while performing the work role, all within a natural and supportive community environment were valued impacts. Issues were raised relating to finding the right composition of consumers with and without disabilities, the affordability of the services for external users, and the current unavailability of accredited training. While the findings expand upon existing literature, they describe impacts of participation in a transition program for consumers that appear to not have been described elsewhere. Information is provided to other service providers in regards to the value and impact of such a program. Implications for open employment services are discussed.

scholarly journals The “Facing the Village” Policy as a Manifestation of NEP Contradictions in 1924-1926 (Based on Don and Kuban Materials)

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-417
Author(s):  
Yuri A. Yakhutl’a ◽  
Valery V. Kasyanova
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
The South ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Face ◽  
Peasant Community ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Village

The authors analyze one of the aspects of the New Economic Policy (NEP), which meant finding a compromise between the Bolshevik party-state power and the Russian peasantry. This policy course is studied with the example of the large agricultural regions of the Don and Kuban. Using new archival documents and published sources, the authors reveal causal relationships between trans formations and changes in the status of local Soviets on national level and in the southern region, and show the impact of reforms on the economic situation and political behavior of the peasantry in the South of Russia. The authors highlight the features of the implementation of the Face to the Village policy in the Don and Kuban, which combined class and estate tasks of civil reconciliation, a slower pace of land management while maintaining Cossack allotments, and an active attracting of Cossacks and middle peasants to cooperations and Soviets, among other things. The refusal to use administrative pressure and the provision of the voting right to deprived people (lishentsy) during the election campaign led to the victory of the Cossack opposition in a number of local Soviets and land societies in 1925-1926. The result was a dual power situation in which village councils (sel'skie sovety) stood opposite to party committees. The reforms of the NEP period in southern Russia brought well-to-do strata of the population the right to participate in cooperations and local authorities (Soviets); they also led to the introduction of long-term leasing of land, separated farmers from the peasant community, and started the elimination of the traditional land use order. Reforms consolidated the division of the rural population into Cossacks and nonresidents, which contradicted the goals of socialist construction in the countryside; the Bolsheviks saw themselves threatened by a loss of control over local authorities, and by a loss of support from the poor and nonresidents. As a result, in the south of Russia the Bolsheviks rejected the Face to the Village policy course much earlier and with more decisiveness than in the country as a whole.

scholarly journals The Impact of Simultaneous Local Elections (Pilkada) for the Achievement of Democratic Consolidation in the Election of Governors and Deputy Governors of Central Sulawesi

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-179
Author(s):  
Asrifai Asrifai
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Democratic Consolidation ◽  
Local Elections ◽  
Reform Era ◽  
The Right ◽  
Culture Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Central Sulawesi

Researchers' interest in studying the quality of democracy in Indonesia has been developed since the reform era. Although there was a pessimistic view on Indonesian democracy's achievement, the quality of Indonesian democracy has experienced significant development in a proper political perspective. The dynamics of the first wave of regional head elections in 2015 feature the face of Indonesian democracy nationally. Democratization at the national level is awakened by strengthening democracy at the local level. This paper aims to determine the impact of the Direct Regional Head Election (Pemilihan Langung Kepala Daerah - Pilkada) concurrent in Central Sulawesi to achieve Indonesia's democratic consolidation. This research was conducted by a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach that explained, described, and analyzed the implementation of the election of Governors and Deputy Governors of Central Sulawesi in 2015 to achieve democratic consolidation. The results showed that simultaneous elections have achieved strengthening democratic consolidation. This condition is seen in several aspects. Namely the development of a free civil society, the development of an open political society; the right rule of law; government effectiveness; and democratic culture development.

scholarly journals THE IDEAL OF KALOKAGATHIA OF THE TOTALITARIAN AND LIBERAL REGIMES AS A MEANS OF PERSONALITY FORMATION

ScienceRise ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Іryna Kobzieva ◽  
Tetiana Prykhodko ◽  
Tetiana Kunicheva ◽  
Jakub Korolevsky ◽  
Vanika Grover
Keyword(s):  
Direct Action ◽  
National Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Scientific Results ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Ideal

The object of research is the relationship between the state and the individual under totalitarian and liberal regimes. Investigated problem: in the article the concepts of totalitarian and liberal regime is analyzed, their nature and relation are revealed. The characteristics of each of them are considered. It highlights the impact that they have on the ideal of kalokagathia is highlighted. In a society in which the ideas of kalokagathia can be realized, there must be freedom, which is the most important value of the individual. Both directions of democratic thought ‒ totalitarianism and liberalism welcome the higher value of freedom. A person can’t independently distinguish what is good, harmonious for it, and what is evil, it is not able to make competent decisions, it is always under the influence of the outside world and its conditions. Political regimes can be considered to a large extent, as the basic conditions for human existence. In some cases, these conditions can both stimulate a person and suppress it. This can lead to the fact that government agencies of direct action and coercion can make decisions for it or give rise to the right of permissiveness and thought only of oneself. The main scientific results: historically, the state is called upon to realize the protective function of comprehensive harmonious human development (the ideal of kalokagathia) at the national level, but under the conditions of the presented regimes, this process undergoes various transformations and can’t be fully realized and does not correspond to reality. The harmonious development of man is always full of dissonances and struggles of various forces in the human being.

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