The impact of electromagnetic fields with frequency of 50 Hz on metabolic activity of cells in vitro

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna KOZIOROWSKA
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD INFLUENCES ON HUMAN HEALTH

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-70
Author(s):  
Miodrag Šmelcerović
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Human Organism ◽  
Portable Communication ◽  
The Impact

The environment we live in is exposed to the increasing and increasing frequency of electromagnetic radiation in our homes and workplaces. In addition to natural radiation from the sun, radiation sources such as high-voltage transmission lines and powerful radar devices are sources of strong electric and magnetic fields. Increasing the number of portable communication and entertainment devices also increase the human body's exposure to additional electromagnetic radiation. This paper describes the most common effects of low-frequency non-ionizing electromagnetic fields (ELFs), which can cause biological changes, sometimes negative for human health. Different methods and approaches are used to investigate the effect of non-ionizing electromagnetic fields on biological systems. In vitro cell culture studies provide important insights into the underlying mechanisms of biological effects of low radiation levels. It is often not possible to deduce the functional response of a human organism to a particular biological effect. In vivo animal and human studies provide more convincing evidence of possible adverse health effects. There is a problem with the extrapolation of the results obtained from animal experiments to humans. Epidemiological studies provide the most direct information on the risk of adverse effects in humans. However, it is difficult to find good control groups that in all aspects (gender, similar life habits, etc.) fit the exposed groups. Care should be taken in interpreting the results of epidemiological studies, especially if low risk is found, as this may be due to other factors. Epidemiological studies are important for monitoring the impact of new technologies on human health [1].

scholarly journals Development of a self-limiting model of methotrexate-induced mucositis reinforces butyrate as a potential therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. da Silva Ferreira ◽  
S. A. J. van der Aa ◽  
T. Wehkamp ◽  
H. R. Wardill ◽  
J. P. ten Klooster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folinic Acid ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Mucosal Injury ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Chemokine Production ◽  
In Vitro Systems ◽  
The Impact

AbstractGastrointestinal mucositis is a complication of anticancer treatment, with few validated in vitro systems suitable to study the complex mechanisms of mucosal injury. Therefore, we aimed to develop and characterize a chemotherapeutic-induced model of mucositis using 3D intestinal organoids. Organoids derived from mouse ileum were grown for 7 days and incubated with different concentrations of the chemotherapeutic agent methotrexate (MTX). Metabolic activity, citrulline levels and cytokine/chemokine production were measured to determine the optimal dosage and incubation time. The protective effects of folinic acid on the toxicity of MTX were investigated by pre-treating organoids with (0.0005–50 µg/mL) folinic acid. The impact of microbial-derived short-chain fatty acids was evaluated by supplementation with butyrate in the organoid model. MTX caused a dose-dependent reduction in cell metabolic activity and citrulline production that was salvaged by folinic acid treatment. Overall, MTX causes significant organoid damage, which can be reversed upon removal of MTX. The protective effect of folinic acid suggest that the organoids respond in a clinical relevant manner. By using the model for intervention, it was found that prophylactic treatment with butyrate might be a valuable strategy for prophylactic mucositis prevention.

scholarly journals Dietary Intervention Induced Distinct Repercussions in Response to the Individual Gut Microbiota as Demonstrated by the In Vitro Fecal Fermentation of Beef

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 6841
Author(s):  
Vineet Singh ◽  
Youn-Chul Ryu ◽  
Tatsuya Unno
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Fundamental Information ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Animals and humans have very different gut microbiota, and the human microbiota is unique to each individual. For these reasons, it is difficult to find a diet that provides all the nutrients according to individual requirements. In this study, we investigated the possibility of using simple in vitro fecal fermentation of digested food to evaluate fundamental differences in the gut metabolism of individuals with different microbiomes in response to specific dietary interventions. We fermented beef using six human fecal microbiotas, analyzed shifts in these microbiomes, and quantified short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production in each system. Our results demonstrate that each microbiome responds with a unique shift in composition, SCFA production, and metabolic activity following 90 min of fecal fermentation of beef. Differentially abundant genera and metabolic activities varied among subjects. Only two subjects’ fecal microbiome showed no significant changes in their metabolic activity, while the other subjects’ microbial metagenome showed anywhere between 17 and 60 differences in their metabolism, including several changes associated with heart disease (i.e., depletion of oleate and palmitoleate biosynthesis). This study revealed the varying responses of each microbiome when exposed to digested beef, suggesting that this method could provide fundamental information in understanding personal nutrient requirements and the impact of changes in the individual gut microbiota on human health. Although further studies using larger study populations are required, this study describes a simple and cost-effective protocol for evaluating the interactions between specific dietary interventions and individual gut microbiota differences.

scholarly journals Development of a self-limiting model of Methotrexate-induced mucositis reinforces butyrate as a potential therapy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Rita da Silva Ferreira ◽  
Stijn A.J. van der Aa ◽  
Tjalling Wehkamp ◽  
Hannah R. Wardill ◽  
Jean Paul Ten Klooster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folinic Acid ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Chemokine Production ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background: Gastrointestinal mucositis remains a significant complication of anticancer treatment, with limited anti-mucositis interventions. Currently, there are few validated in vitro systems suitable to study the mechanisms of mucosal injury. Therefore, we aimed to develop and characterize a chemotherapeutic-induced model of mucositis using 3D intestinal organoids. Methods: Organoids derived from mouse ileum were grown for 7 days and incubated with different concentrations of the chemotherapeutic agent methotrexate (MTX), ranging from 0-1000 ng/ml. Metabolic activity, citrulline levels and cytokine/chemokine production were measured to determine the optimal dosage and incubation time. To link the model to clinical practices, the protective effects of folinic acid on the toxicity of MTX were investigated by pre-treating organoids with (0.0005-50 µg/mL) folinic acid. Given the impact of microbial-derived short-chain fatty acids in epithelial health, we also evaluated the impact of short-chain fatty acid supplementation on MTX toxicity in the organoid model. Results: MTX treatment caused a dose-dependent reduction in cell metabolic activity and citrulline production. Folinic acid treatment reduced MTX toxicity when applied simultaneously or up to 24 hours after treatment. Supplementation of the growth medium with butyrate reduced MTX toxicity. Analysis of organoid gene expression suggests that butyrate may reduce intracellular MTX concentrations by increasing the expression of MTX transporters, including the ABCC1 transporter.Conclusion: MTX causes significant organoid damage, which can be reversed upon removal of MTX. The specific readouts and the protective effects of folinic acid suggest that the model is clinically relevant, and can be used in the future to study mucositis, diminishing the need for animal models. By using the model for intervention, it was found that prophylactic treatment with butyrate might be a valuable strategy for prophylactic mucositis prevention.

scholarly journals Complex Electromagnetic Fields Reduce Candida albicans Planktonic Growth and Its Adhesion to Titanium Surfaces

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1261
Author(s):  
Simonetta D’Ercole ◽  
Silvia Di Lodovico ◽  
Giovanna Iezzi ◽  
Tania Vanessa Pierfelice ◽  
Emira D’Amico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Dead Cell ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Titanium Surfaces ◽  
Stress Oxidative ◽  
Cytotoxicity Effects

This study evaluates the effects of different programs of complex electromagnetic fields (C.M.F.s) on Candida albicans, in planktonic and sessile phase and on human gingival fibroblasts (HGF cells). In vitro cultures of C. albicans ATCC 10231 and HGF cells were exposed to different cycles of C.M.F.s defined as: oxidative stress, oxidative stress/antibacterial, antibacterial, antibacterial/oxidative stress. Colony forming units (CFUs), metabolic activity, cells viability (live/dead), cell morphology, filamentation analysis, and cytotoxicity assay were performed. The broth cultures, exposed to the different C.M.F.s, were grown on titanium discs for 48 h. The quantity comparisons of adhered C. albicans on surfaces were determined by CFUs and scanning electron microscopy. The C. albicans growth could be readily controlled with C.M.F.s reducing the number of cultivable planktonic cells vs. controls, independently by the treatment applied. In particular, the antibacterial program was associated with lower levels of CFUs. The quantification of the metabolic activity was significantly lower by using the oxidative stress program. Live/dead images showed that C.M.F.s significantly decreased the viability of C. albicans. C.M.F.s inhibited C. albicans virulence traits reducing hyphal morphogenesis, adhesion, and biofilm formation on titanium discs. The MTS assay showed no negative effects on the viability of HGF. Independent of the adopted protocol, C.M.F.s exert antifungal and anti-virulence action against C. albicans, no cytotoxicity effects on HGF and can be useful in the prevention and treatment of yeast biofilm infections.

scholarly journals In Vitro Study of Deuterium Effect on Biological Properties of Human Cultured Adipose-Derived Stem Cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alona Zlatska ◽  
Inna Gordiienko ◽  
Roman Vasyliev ◽  
Dmitriy Zubov ◽  
Olga Gubar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Proliferation Rate ◽  
Population Doubling ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Deuterium Content ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽  
The Impact

In current in vitro study we have shown the impact of deuterium content in growth medium on proliferation rate of human cultured adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC). ADSCs have also demonstrated morphological changes when cultured in deuterated growth medium: the cell cultures did not reach confluence but acquired polygonal morphology with pronounced stress fibers. At high deuterium concentrations the ADSCs population doubling time increased which indicated the cell cycle retardation and decrease of cell proliferation rate. The deuterated and deuterium-depleted growth media demonstrated acute and chronic cytotoxicity, respectively. The minimal migration ability was observed in deuterated medium whereas the highest migration activity was observed in the medium with the deuterium content close to natural. The cells in deuterated growth medium demonstrated decrease in metabolic activity after three days in culture. In contrast, in deuterium-depleted medium there was an increase in ADSC metabolic activity.

Mechanisms involved in effects of antimicrobial peptides, bactenectins ChBac3.4, ChBac5, and mini-ChBac7.5Nb, on bacterial cells

2017 ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
О.В. Шамова ◽  
М.С. Жаркова ◽  
П.М. Копейкин ◽  
Д.С. Орлов ◽  
Е.А. Корнева
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Capra Hircus ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains

Антимикробные пептиды (АМП) системы врожденного иммунитета - соединения, играющие важную роль в патогенезе инфекционных заболеваний, так как обладают свойством инактивировать широкий спектр патогенных бактерий, обеспечивая противомикробную защиту живых организмов. В настоящее время АМП рассматриваются как потенциальные соединения-корректоры инфекционной патологии, вызываемой антибиотикорезистентными бактериями (АБР). Цель данной работы состояла в изученим механизмов антибактериального действия трех пептидов, принадлежащих к семейству бактенецинов - ChBac3.4, ChBac5 и mini-ChBac7.5Nb. Эти химически синтезированные пептиды являются аналогами природных пролин-богатых АМП, обнаруженных в лейкоцитах домашней козы Capra hircus и проявляющих высокую антимикробную активность, в том числе и в отношении грамотрицательных АБР. Методы. Минимальные ингибирующие и минимальные бактерицидные концентрации пептидов (МИК и МБК) определяли методом серийных разведений в жидкой питательной среде с последующим высевом на плотную питательную среду. Эффекты пептидов на проницаемость цитоплазматической мембраны бактерий для хромогенного маркера исследовали с использованием генетически модифицированного штамма Escherichia coli ML35p. Действие бактенецинов на метаболическую активность бактерий изучали с применением маркера резазурина. Результаты. Показано, что все исследованные пептиды проявляют высокую антимикробную активность в отношении Escherichia coli ML35p и антибиотикоустойчивых штаммов Escherichia coli ESBL и Acinetobacter baumannii in vitro, но их действие на бактериальные клетки разное. Использован комплекс методик, позволяющих наблюдать в режиме реального времени динамику действия бактенецинов в различных концентрациях (включая их МИК и МБК) на барьерную функцию цитоплазматической мембраны и на интенсивность метаболизма бактериальных клеток, что дало возможность выявить различия в характере воздействия бактенецинов, отличающихся по структуре молекулы, на исследуемые микроорганизмы. Установлено, что действие каждого из трех исследованных бактенецинов в бактерицидных концентрациях отличается по эффективности нарушения целостности бактериальных мембран и в скорости подавления метаболизма клеток. Заключение. Полученная информация дополнит существующие фундаментальные представления о механизмах действия пролин-богатых пептидов врожденного иммунитета, а также послужит основой для биотехнологических исследований, направленных на разработку на базе этих соединений новых антибиотических препаратов для коррекции инфекционных заболеваний, вызываемых АБР и являющимися причинами тяжелых внутрибольничных инфекций. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) of the innate immunity are compounds that play an important role in pathogenesis of infectious diseases due to their ability to inactivate a broad array of pathogenic bacteria, thereby providing anti-microbial host defense. AMPs are currently considered promising compounds for treatment of infectious diseases caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The aim of this study was to investigate molecular mechanisms of the antibacterial action of three peptides from the bactenecin family, ChBac3.4, ChBac5, and mini-ChBac7.5Nb. These chemically synthesized peptides are analogues of natural proline-rich AMPs previously discovered by the authors of the present study in leukocytes of the domestic goat, Capra hircus. These peptides exhibit a high antimicrobial activity, in particular, against antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacteria. Methods. Minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations of the peptides (MIC and MBC) were determined using the broth microdilution assay followed by subculturing on agar plates. Effects of the AMPs on bacterial cytoplasmic membrane permeability for a chromogenic marker were explored using a genetically modified strain, Escherichia coli ML35p. The effect of bactenecins on bacterial metabolic activity was studied using a resazurin marker. Results. All the studied peptides showed a high in vitro antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli ML35p and antibiotic-resistant strains, Escherichia coli ESBL and Acinetobacter baumannii, but differed in features of their action on bacterial cells. The used combination of techniques allowed the real-time monitoring of effects of bactenecin at different concentrations (including their MIC and MBC) on the cell membrane barrier function and metabolic activity of bacteria. The differences in effects of these three structurally different bactenecins on the studied microorganisms implied that these peptides at bactericidal concentrations differed in their capability for disintegrating bacterial cell membranes and rate of inhibiting bacterial metabolism. Conclusion. The obtained information will supplement the existing basic concepts on mechanisms involved in effects of proline-rich peptides of the innate immunity. This information will also stimulate biotechnological research aimed at development of new antibiotics for treatment of infectious diseases, such as severe in-hospital infections, caused by antibiotic-resistant strains.

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