The Impact of Personality Disorders on Longitudinal Change in Relationship Satisfaction in Long-Term Married Couples

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan C. South ◽  
Michael J. Boudreaux ◽  
Thomas F. Oltmanns
Keyword(s):  
Marital Satisfaction ◽  
Relationship Satisfaction ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Longitudinal Change ◽  
The Impact

Personality disorders (PDs) are significantly, negatively related to marital satisfaction. We examine how maladaptive personality is related to change in marital satisfaction over time utilizing data from the St. Louis Personality and Aging Network (SPAN), a longitudinal, community-based study of personality and health in older adults. Participants were assessed at baseline for PD (self-report, informant-report, and structured interview); self- and spouse-reported relationship satisfaction assessed at baseline and five follow-ups was analyzed with latent growth curve modeling. Higher levels of PD at baseline were associated with lower self and spouse relationship satisfaction at baseline. On average, satisfaction did not change significantly over the study period, but there was significant individual variability. Higher levels of schizoid PD were protective of declines in partner's perception of satisfaction. Findings suggest that partners in long-term married unions may have adapted to the presence of their own or their spouse's level of personality pathology.

scholarly journals Temporal dynamics of couples’ communication behaviors in conflict discussions: A longitudinal analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 2937-2960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Leuchtmann ◽  
Anne Milek ◽  
Katharina Bernecker ◽  
Fridtjof W. Nussbeck ◽  
Sabine Backes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Satisfaction ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Efficacy Beliefs ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Communication Behaviors ◽  
Positive Communication ◽  
Conflict Communication ◽  
Negative Communication

Negative and positive conflict communication predicts long-term relationship satisfaction. However, some studies show harmful effects and others show beneficial effects of negative conflict communication on long-term relationship satisfaction. One reason for the heterogeneous results might be that most studies focused on aggregated behaviors across a conflict interaction but neglected the temporal dynamics within such an interaction. This study examined whether individual initial levels and temporal trajectories of negative and positive communications predict long-term relationship satisfaction, and whether self-efficacy beliefs about clarity of other’s feelings (CoF) alter initial levels and temporal trajectories of negative and positive communications. Negative and positive communications were measured based on sequentially coded conflict discussions of 365 couples; self-efficacy beliefs about CoF and relationship satisfaction were measured by self-report questionnaires at baseline and at four annual follow-up assessments. Results revealed that women’s initial positive communication predicted higher intercepts of both partners’ relationship satisfaction, and stronger decreases in women’s negative communication predicted a higher intercept of relationship satisfaction in women. Additionally, less steep decreases in women’s trajectories of negative communication predicted greater maintenance in women’s relationship satisfaction over time. Additionally, men’s self-efficacy beliefs about CoF predicted decreases in men’s negative communication, increases in women’s negative communication, and higher initial levels of women’s positive communication. The current study highlights the relevance of dynamic aspects of partners’ communication behaviors.

scholarly journals Psychoeducation as a strategy to improve family support perceived from patient with alcohol dependence and personality disorder

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
José Miguel Martínez González ◽  
Natalia Albein Urios ◽  
Pilar Munera ◽  
Antonio Verdejo García
Keyword(s):  
Group Therapy ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Relapse Prevention ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Individual Therapy ◽  
Psychoeducational Intervention ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to prospectively analyze the impact of psychoeducation with relatives of addicted patients with personality disorders. We measured the impact of the psychoeducational intervention using a self-report questionnaire designed to assess perceived familiar support. The sample was composed by 37 patients with alcohol dependence following outpatient treatment. They underwent a cognitive-behavioral therapy relapse prevention program especially tailored for addicted individuals with comorbid personality disorders. 56.8% of patients followed individual therapy, and 43.2% followed group therapy. The relatives of the subgroup patients following group therapy simultaneously received the psychoeducational intervention. The analyses of the familiar support questionnaire across treatment showed a significant difference between groups as a function of treatment modality. Patients whose relatives followed the psychoeducational intervention had greater perception of familiar support throughout the treatment process.

COGNITIVE BEHAVIOUR THERAPY AND ASSERTION TRAINING GROUPS FOR PATIENTS WITH DEPRESSION AND COMORBID PERSONALITY DISORDERS

2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillian Ball ◽  
Brian Kearney ◽  
Kay Wilhelm ◽  
Jodie Dewhurst-Savellis ◽  
Belinda Barton
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Therapy Group ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Assertion Training

Longitudinal evaluations were conducted on 61 adults who were referred to a Mood Disorders Unit with a history of depression (all index episodes reached criteria for DSM-III-R major depression or dysthymia) and who had completed a cognitive behavioural therapy group either on its own or in combination with an assertion training group. Assessment of personality was made using DSM-III-R Axis II personality disorder categories. These categories were aggregated to form three groups: (i) no personality disorder; (ii) Cluster B (dramatic-erratic); and (iii) Cluster C (anxious-fearful), and were used to identify responsiveness to treatment and outcome at long-term follow-up. A battery of self-report measures were administered pretreatment, posttreatment and at long-term follow-up (1–3 years later). Both groups showed significant improvements in mean scores during treatment and these gains were maintained over the follow-up period. However, improvement in those patients without personality disorders was greater at posttreatment and at long-term follow-up, both in level of depressive symptomatology and proportion of cases meeting criteria for recovery. The treatment implications of these results are discussed.

Assessment of Personality Disorders in Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa A Comparison of Self-Report and Structured Interview Methods

1995 ◽  
Vol 183 (6) ◽  
pp. 358-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
SIDNEY H. KENNEDY ◽  
RANDY KATZ ◽  
WENDI ROCKERT ◽  
SANDRA MENDLOWITZ ◽  
ELIZABETH RALEVSKI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Interview Methods

Personality Traits During Depression and After Clinical Recovery

1994 ◽  
Vol 164 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric D. Peselow ◽  
Michael P. Sanfilipo ◽  
Ronald R. Fieve ◽  
Gary Gulbenkian
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Clinical Recovery ◽  
Treatment Dose ◽  
Characteristic Modes ◽  
Before And After

We investigated whether and how acute depressive symptoms affect the self-report of maladaptive personality traits. Sixty-eight acutely depressed patients underwent the Structured Interview for DSM–III Personality Disorder (SIDP) before and after pharmacological treatment, allowing us to determine whether self-reported maladaptive personality traits are different during depression and after successful clinical recovery. After the initial SIDP administration (during an episode of major depression), patients received desipramine treatment (dose range 150–300 mg/day) over a course of 4–5 weeks before readministration of the SIDP. For those who recovered from their depression (n = 39), cluster III trait scores were significantly lower than those assessed at baseline, and there was a lower frequency of cluster III categorical diagnoses for a personality disorder after treatment than before treatment. Recovered patients also had significantly lower cluster I personality trait scores after treatment as compared with baseline ratings. For those who did not recover from their depression after treatment (n = 29), cluster I trait scores were in fact higher than those measured at baseline, but there were no differences in categorical diagnoses before and after treatment. Cluster II personality traits and categorical diagnoses were not different between those who did and did not recover from their depression. Thus, depression may have a significant effect on the assessment of cluster I and cluster III personality traits. It is possible that cluster I and III ‘personality traits’ may be interwoven with depressive features and therefore subject to state influences, whereas cluster II personality traits may entail enduring, long-term characteristic modes of thinking, feeling, and behaving.

scholarly journals Sounds of Silence in Times of COVID-19: Distress and Loss of Cardiac Coherence in People With Misophonia Caused by Real, Imagined or Evoked Triggering Sounds

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia Ferrer-Torres ◽  
Lydia Giménez-Llort
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Stress ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Medical Psychology ◽  
Auditory Stimuli ◽  
Limited Sample ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Rate Loss ◽  
The Impact

The extreme, unprecedented situations in the current COVID-19 pandemic are risk factors for psychosocial stress for the entire population. However, strict confinement had a particular impact on people suffering from misophonia and their families. Misophonia is a condition in which hearing certain sounds triggers intense anger, disgust and even severe autonomic nervous system responses. This prospective cohort study examined the impact of strict confinement (Spain, March 14–June 21, 2020) on a sample of 24 people (16 women and eight men) who had been diagnosed with moderate to extreme misophonia and were regularly attending a medical psychology center in Barcelona. The 3-month period of confinement caused general emotional maladjustment, distress, and a transitory crisis. Long-term biomonitoring of their heart variability rate (HRV) enabled to identify a significant increase in physiological arousal after the confinement period, which had already been recorded in a loss of cardiac coherence under basal rest/relaxation conditions. Certain auditory stimuli triggered adverse responses, lowered HRV scores, and an increased stress level and heart rate. Loss of cardiac coherence in their responses to these auditory stimuli (triggering mouth, nose and other sounds), as well as to non-triggering mouth, nose and other sounds was increased when compared to two assessments performed during the previous year. Despite the limited sample size, sex differences were observed in the incidence. Loss of cardiac coherence worsened with the severity of the misophonia. Most importantly, imagined or evoked triggering sounds, as well as real ones, were enough to cause the aversive responses, as displayed by the increased loss of cardiac coherence with respect to the at-rest basal level. A semi-structured interview revealed the exceptional nature of the situations, increased hyper-sensorial sensitivity, fear of being infected with or dying from COVID-19, the patients' coping strategies, and the difficulties and constraints they faced. Finally, the article gives recommendations for better management of misophonia. Improved knowledge of this disorder would help address the current lack of health and social care, hopefully preventing this shortfall's impact on social and affective relationships, which are particulary important for well-being now and in the coming periods of physical distancing measures.

scholarly journals The Relationship of Religiosity and Marital Satisfaction: The Role of Religious Commitment and Practices on Marital Satisfaction Among Pakistani Respondents

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaffar Aman ◽  
Jaffar Abbas ◽  
Mohammad Nurunnabi ◽  
Shaher Bano
Keyword(s):  
Marital Satisfaction ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Religious Commitment ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Married Life ◽  
Informed Consent Form ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The sociology of religion focuses on an individual’s social and married life. This research performed the first focalized examination of the influence of spirituality and religiosity on the marital satisfaction of Pakistani Muslim couples and how religious commitment and religious practice strengthens the relationship of married couples. This study incorporates the Kansas Marital Satisfaction scale (KMSS), the Religious Commitment Inventory (RCI-10) and the Religious Practice scale to measure marital satisfaction. Survey questionnaires, including a survey invitation letter and an informed consent form, were sent to married couples residing in five urban areas of Pakistan. The sample consisted of 508 valid responses, 254 males and 254 females, exploring the respondent’s perception of their marital satisfaction. The data received were screened and tested through SPSS version 25. The first step of the data analysis was to examine the impact of religiosity variables (religious commitment, religious practice) on marital satisfaction. Findings indicated that religious commitment and religious practice are vital for a happy married life. The findings help explain the social dynamics of marital satisfaction in Pakistani culture. The results also indicated that religious commitment and religious practice strengthened and promoted marital satisfaction. This study is novel in the context of Pakistani culture and conclusions cannot be generalized to the whole population. Other religious factors may provide further research directions. The results of this study may help practitioners and decision-makers focusing on marital satisfaction issues.

Social participation and marital satisfaction in mid to late life marriage

2021 ◽  
pp. 026540752110562
Author(s):  
Amanda Piechota ◽  
Talha Ali ◽  
Jennifer M. Tomlinson ◽  
Joan K. Monin
Keyword(s):  
Marital Satisfaction ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Business Groups ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Self Report Data

Objectives Research shows that social participation is beneficial for overall health and well-being. Yet, no research to our knowledge has examined whether social participation is associated with greater marital satisfaction in middle-aged and older couples. We hypothesized that middle-aged and older adults would have greater marital satisfaction when their spouse engaged in social groups because there would be greater opportunity for self-expansion and for social support from ties outside the marriage. Methods We used background self-report data from a multi-method study of 98 middle-aged and older adult married couples ( N = 196) with chronic conditions. As part of the study, spouses completed questionnaires that measured the frequency and intensity of involvement in social groups (e.g., church, business groups). Marital satisfaction was measured with the Locke Wallace Marital Adjustment Test. Results Contrary to our hypotheses, results from actor–partner interdependence models provided no evidence that one’s own social participation was associated with one’s own marital satisfaction (actor effects). However, in line with our hypotheses regarding partner effects, one spouse’s (a) report of any social participation with church organizations, business groups, or social groups, (b) greater number of affiliations with different organizations, (c) greater frequency of participation, and (d) being an active officer in a social organization were significantly associated with the other spouse’s greater marital satisfaction. Discussion Findings of this study suggest that having a spouse who participates in social groups is good for relationship satisfaction in mid to late life marriage.

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