Earning a Living

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. McChesney
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Cultural Reproduction ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
Religious Expression ◽  
Material Support ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Essential Component ◽  
The North ◽  
The Family

In that part of Central Asia now known as the country of Afghanistan, the patterns of present-day religious expression and identity were set in the 16th and 17th centuries. The region was a frontier connecting three expansive states whose politics shaped the embedding of religious traditions. The long Iranian presence in the south and west infused Imam Shafiism in the central and western parts of Afghanistan while the influence of the intellectual heritage of Central Asia assured the dominance of Hanafi Sunnism in the north and eastern parts of the region. Sufism with its “thousand Ways” and universal reverence for the family of the Prophet, the ahl al-bayt, provided common ground. This chapter examines the ways in which the Islamic culture of the region was reproduced and the kinds of scholars who emerged preeminent. Mostly it considers the ways in which material support for scholarship was distributed, an essential component of cultural reproduction, and the instruments for its distribution.

scholarly journals The sanctity of goddesses: an insight into the worship of Bà Tổ Cô in Northern Vietnam

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinh Lam Nguyen ◽  
Ky Nam Nguyen ◽  
Quang Anh Phan
Keyword(s):  
Field Trips ◽  
Religious Expression ◽  
Northern Vietnam ◽  
The North ◽  
Intangible Heritage ◽  
The Family ◽  
Female Deities ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Crucial Part

AbstractIn Vietnam, a country where religious expression is widespread, many gods and goddesses are commonly worshipped. Among those, Bà Tổ Cô (Family Goddess) is widely worshipped in the North of Vietnam due to her exceptional background as unmarried, young, and having spiritual roots, unlike other national and heroic figures. This article examines the sanctity of the Family Goddess by decoding the terms, worshippers, beliefs and practices, sacred encounters and supports. The research is a final result of decade-long field trips, archival study, and in-depth interviews with various stakeholders. The research findings show that the veneration of the Family Goddess in Northern Vietnam is a continuity of a long-standing tradition of worshipping female deities in Asia and thus emphasising the need to maintain this unique intangible heritage as a crucial part of Vietnamese cultural diversity.

Typification of the Linnaean name Cynomorium coccineum (Cynomoriaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 286 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
P. PABLO FERRER-GALLEGO
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
North African ◽  
Near Eastern ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Botanical Institute ◽  
Obligate Parasite ◽  
Komarov Botanical Institute ◽  
The North ◽  
The Family ◽  
Holoparasitic Plants

Cynomorium Linnaeus (1753: 970) is the only member of the family Cynomoriaceae Endl. ex Lind. (APG 2016, López-Sáez & Villar 2002, Christenhusz & Byng 2016), and contains only two species of root holoparasitic plants (obligate parasite) (see e.g., Léonard 1986), C. coccineum Linnaeus (1753: 970) which is native to the North African, South European and Near Eastern deserts and subdeserts (Webb 1964, Pignatti 1982, Villar 1997, López-Sáez & Villar 2002, Fennane 2007), and C. songaricum Ruprecht (1869: 73) from Central Asia (Léonard 1986, Webb 1964, Villar 1997, Chen & Funston 2007). A lectotype for this name was designated by Gorshkova (1949: 502) as “Type in Leningrad” (here corrected to lectotype according to Art. 9.9 of the ICN, McNeill et al. 2012), based on a specimen collected in Valley of Koshkar River, in Central Asia, which was apparently kept at LE (V.L. Komarov Botanical Institute, Saint Petersburg, Russia). However, unfortunately no specimens of C. songaricum annotated as type were found in the herbarium LE, though further search is required (Irina Illarionova, pers. comm.).

OREL SECURITY OFFICER BORIS GORDON AND THE «RED CHAPEL»

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-175
Author(s):  
A.Yu. SARAN ◽  
◽  
M.V. SOKOLOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
Career Ladder ◽  
Security Officer ◽  
State Security ◽  
Successful Career ◽  
The North ◽  
South Central ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Party Work

The purpose of the article is to study the biography of B.M. Gordon as a successful security officer in the 1920-s and 1930-s. He worked his way up the career ladder from a junior investigator to the head of regional divisions – territorial bodies of the VChK/GPU/OGPU/NKVD and the legal residency of the INO GUGB of NKVD in Germany. Having started his chekist service in the Orel province, he served in the South – Central Asia, in the North – in Arkhangelsk province,in the capital of the USSR, and in the capital of Nazi Germany – Berlin. Gordon fought with the white guards and evicted the dispossessed peasants, controlled the Soviet military and gathered information about the armies of foreign countries; he managed to work at both Soviet and party work. Finally, the energetic work and successful career led Boris Moiseyevich Gordon to his death, when in 1937, J.V. Stalin decided to destroy completely all the former operational leadership of the state security agencies, replacing it with new personnel.

Complex transformation of divorce in Vietnam under the forces of modernization and individualism

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Tran Thi Minh Thi
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Marriage And Family ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Rural Districts ◽  
The North ◽  
Complex Transformation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Annual Population ◽  
And Gender

Abstract After more than four decades since its reunification since 1975, Vietnam has achieved remarkable results in social and economic development. With the rapid speed of recent modernization, society has loosened numerous old values related to the family and promoted individual freedoms. Marriage and family affairs, including divorce, have modernized with liberal characteristics. The paper examines the trends of divorce and reasons for divorce using statistical data from the Vietnam People's Supreme Court and from the government's annual population statistics. The analysis compiled and analysed a database of every divorce case at six urban and rural districts in Can Tho province. The analysis highlights changes in the reasons for divorce in the South in comparison with previous divorce studies in the North of Vietnam, discussed in relation to modernization, individualism and gender equality. The analysis is supported by interview data with thirty male and female divorcees.

ON CULTURAL EXTREMISM AND WAYS TO OVERCOME ITS MANIFESTATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-80
Author(s):  
GADZHIEV MAGOMEDEMIN M. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Political Extremism ◽  
Essential Component ◽  
The North ◽  
Creative Personality ◽  
The Russian Federation

Extremism prevention is an essential component of the work in the field of national security of the country. The article reveals some of the main forms of extremism, such as religious-political, ethno-social, economic, pseudoscientific, and others, and provides examples. The main content of the article is devoted to the disclosure of the essence and diversity of manifestations of cultural extremism in the country, especially in the North Caucasus and Dagestan. Numerous concrete examples are given, proving that cultural extremism takes place and sometimes takes on quite acute forms. It is shown that the manifestations of cultural extremism are more difficult to combat, since it manifests itself among more literate and intellectually savvy people and does not have open ideologically organized forms, as in the case of religious and political extremism. The article considers the current law of the Russian Federation and the draft new law on culture, which notes all the mechanisms for overcoming extremism in culture, and which clearly emphasize the primacy of the rights and freedoms of an individual creative personality.

scholarly journals New Miocene Monachinae from the Western Shore of the Chesapeake Bay (Maryland, USA)

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Rahmat ◽  
I. A. Koretsky ◽  
J. E. Osborne ◽  
A. A. Alford
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
The North ◽  
Early Oligocene ◽  
The Family ◽  
Western Shore ◽  
The North Atlantic

Abstract The Family Phocidae includes four subfamilies (Phocinae, Monachinae, Cystophorinae, and Devinophocinae) consisting of mediumto large-sized mammals that possess distinctive adaptations to semi-aquatic life. In the Miocene of the Chesapeake Group, only two subfamilies of the Family Phocidae were identified: Phocinae and Monachinae. Leptophoca, a representative of the subfamily Phocinae, appears on the eastern shore of the North Atlantic around 16 million years ago. Recently, two new monachine species, the larger Terranectes magnus (n. gen., n. sp.) and the medium-sized T. parvus (n. sp.), were recorded in the Upper Miocene of the Chesapeake Group in the Eastover Formation (7.0–6.0 Ma) and St. Marys Formation (10.0-8.0 Ma). These two distinct subfamilies of seals indicate a well-marked divergence between phocines and monachines, much earlier than 18 million years ago, as previously suggested. The Eastover Formation was deposited in a shallow embayment that covered southern Maryland, the coastal plain of Virginia, and the northeastern corner of North Carolina. The geologically older St. Marys Formation represents a tide-influenced coastal environment, with low-salinity estuaries. There was a sharp temperature decrease in the Late Miocene, indicated by a shift to a cooler-water fish fauna during St. Marys time. The Eastover Formation reflects warmer waters with relatively strong currents, significant shoals, barriers, and varied depths. Fossil evidence of earlier seals suggests that phocids originated in the North Atlantic and otarioids in the North Pacific. True seals diverged from ancient Carnivora in the early Oligocene (or earlier) in the Paratethyan / Mediterranean Basins, spread widely during the Middle Miocene and crossed westward across the Atlantic Ocean, before dispersing in the eastern United States by the Early Pliocene.

Temür and the problem of a conqueror's legacy

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Forbes Manz
Keyword(s):  
Economic Stress ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
The South ◽  
Political Fragmentation ◽  
The North ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

Temür has been many things to many people. He was nomad and city-builder, Turk and promoter of Persian culture, restorer of the Mongol order and warrior for the spread of Islam. One thing he was to all: a conqueror of unequalled scope, able to subdue both the vast areas of nomad power to the north and the centres of agrarian Islamic culture to the south. The history of his successors was one of increasing political fragmentation and economic stress. Yet they too won fame, as patrons over a period of brilliant cultural achievement in Persian and Turkic. Temür's career raises a number of questions. Why did he find it necessary to pile conquest upon conquest, each more ambitious than the last? Having conceived dreams of dominion, where did he get the power and money to fulfill them? When he died, what legacy did Temür leave to his successors and to the world which they tried to control? Finally, what was this world of Turk and Persian, and where did Temür and the Timurids belong within it?

THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF MASSALONGIA AND GENERIC RELATIONSHIPS

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (9) ◽  
pp. 1331-1346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aino Henssen
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
North American Species ◽  
New Combination ◽  
General Survey ◽  
The North ◽  
The Family ◽  
Generic Relationships

The systematic position of the genus Massalongia and the closely related genera Koerberia, Vestergrenopsis, and Placynthium in the family Peltigeraceae including lichens with hemiangiocarpic apothecia is discussed. The ontogeny of a hemiangiocarpic apothecium is described briefly. A key for the determination of the genera is provided.A general survey is given for the morphology and anatomy of the genus Massalongia. The two species, M. carnosa and M. microphylliza, are described in detail. The new combination M. microphylliza is made.

New perspectives on Nephridiacanthus major (Acanthocephala: Oligacanthorhynchidae) collected from hedgehogs in Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.M. Amin ◽  
M. Sharifdini ◽  
R.A. Heckmann ◽  
M. Zarean
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Molecular Profile ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Family ◽  
First Time ◽  
Scanning Electron

We describe morphological features not previously reported for this old acanthocephalan Nephridiacanthus major (Bremser, 1811 in Westrumb, 1821) Golvan, 1962 first described over 200 years ago. Our specimens were collected from long-eared hedgehog Hemiechinus auritus (Gmelin, 1770) (Erinaceidae) in Iran. We compare the morphometrics of our material with others previously reported from the same host in Iran, Russia, central Asia and Europe. Our specimens had markedly smaller proboscides, proboscis hooks and lemnisci than those reported from Russia and central Asia, but comparable measurements of other structures with specimens previously described from other collections. We document our new observations with scanning electron microscopy features not previously demonstrable by other observers and provide a chemical analysis of proboscis hooks using energy-dispersive X-ray analysis for the first time. The molecular profile of this acanthocephalan, based on 18S rDNA and cox1 genes, was generated for the first time. The phylogenetic analysis showed that N. major is placed in a clade of the family Oligacanthorhynchidae, well separated from the families Moniliformidae and Gigantorhynchidae.

scholarly journals The genus Pelophylax (Amphibia, Ranidae) in Pakistan: museum collections and possible distribution

Herpetozoa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 141-147
Author(s):  
Daniel Jablonski ◽  
Addison Wynn ◽  
Rafaqat Masroor ◽  
Theodore Papenfuss ◽  
Spartak N. Litvinchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Washington Dc ◽  
National Museum ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
The Family ◽  
Kabul River

We provide the first comprehensive data on the questionable distribution of the genus Pelophylax and the family Ranidae from Pakistan. Based on a literature review and two specimens of the genus from Tasp, Panjgur District in Pakistani Balochistan (USNM 26194–95), stored in the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA, we discuss the possible occurrence and affiliation of these frogs in the context of Central Asia. Our comparison shows that the nearest records of Pelophylax in relation to the Tasp specimens are reported from more than 280 km (air-line) away in Iran and Afghanistan, which are currently separated by hot and mostly desert environments. We suggest that possible surviving populations of this genus may still be present in Balochistan (Rakhshan River) or Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (Kabul River) Provinces of Pakistan. This would, however, need further field investigations.

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