The Qianlong Emperor

2018 ◽  
pp. 144-172
Author(s):  
Norman A. Kutcher
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Rational System ◽  
Business Interests ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
To Come ◽  
Qianlong Emperor

When the Qianlong emperor came to the throne, he abrogated his father’s compassionate and rational system for eunuch management. Qianlong saw his father’s innovations as a dangerous departure from the gold standard of eunuch management. Qianlong would lower eunuchs’ status, cut their salaries, eviscerate their system of ranks, and reduce their education levels. In so doing, he came to perpetuate a series of myths about his eunuchs meant to perpetuate the notion that he was strict on them. He asserted that they only performed menial tasks, never left the palace, had no wives or children, were few in number in his palaces, and were carefully watched over by him personally. In truth, he was quietly allowing them new opportunities to come and go as they pleased, and to develop business interests on the outside. He did this because he faced a growing shortage of eunuchs to staff his ever-burgeoning number of palaces, including Yuanming Yuan.

scholarly journals A correlation of hysterolaparoscopic findings and BACTEC culture in infertility

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesweta Guru ◽  
Prasad Yeshwant Deshmukh
Keyword(s):  
Health Problem ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Genital Tuberculosis ◽  
Infertile Women ◽  
Dilatation And Curettage ◽  
Important Health ◽  
To Come ◽  
Sensitive Method

Background: Infertility is agonising condition. Tuberculosis is an important health problem worldwide. One third of the world’s population is currently affected with tuberculosis. Hysterolaparoscopy is a well-recognized procedure for the diagnosis of infertility. Culture for TB bacilli is the gold standard for diagnosis of genital TB.Methods: Infertile women undergoing dilatation and curettage with hysterolaparoscopy with normal husband semen analysis as a part of their infertility workup at M. G. M. Medical Hospital, Kalamboli. Sample size: 30.Results: Incidence of GTB=22.85%, 25-29 year followed by 35-40 years’ age group was the most common age group was observed. In our study, 74.3% infertility pattern was primary, 25.7% were secondary only 2.85 % (n =1) of the cases of GTB were diagnosed by using TB BACTEC. Laparoscopic findings su0ggested that 18 cases had normal findings and 8 cases had laparoscopic features suggestive of GTB. On chromo pertubation, delayed and absent spillage of the dye was seen in 2 cases. On Hysteroscopy, 29 cases (82.9%) of the patients had normal findings and 3 cases had Hysteroscopic features suggestive of GTB.Conclusions: Genital tuberculosis remains an important under diagnosed cause of infertility. Though culture is considered as gold standard for diagnosis of genital tuberculosis, since GTB is paucibacillary there is an urgent need for more research to come to conclusion whether culture is still gold standard. Further research is required to detect the most sensitive method for diagnosis.

scholarly journals A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF MODIFICATIONS IN PREPARATION OF KSHARASUTRA AND ITS APPLICATION TECHNIQUES IN PATIENTS OF BHAGANDARA (FISTULA-IN-ANO)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Supriya Gupta ◽  
B. Kothainayagi ◽  
Avnish Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Fistula In Ano ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Application Techniques ◽  
Challenging Technique ◽  
Promising Treatment ◽  
To Come ◽  
Complex Cases

Bhagandara (Fistula-in-ano) is well known cause of morbidity in all ages, gender and socio-economic status which has a promising treatment available with Ayurvedic practice of Ksharasutra (medicated setons). This is proven to have relatively lower rates of complications and recurrences. The standardised form of Apamarg Ksharasutra (Snuhi, Apamarg and Haridra churan) is been used for long and still considered the gold standard. However, difficulty in procurement, non-perennial availability of few of its constituents and challenging technique especially in complex cases has always encouraged the practitioners and researchers to come up with trial of other ingredients as per old literature like Sushruta Samhita and to modify the application techniques. This is an endeavour to venture into literature and compile such promising efforts.

scholarly journals The value of necropsy in quality control of medical diagnosis: the gold standard for years to come

Clinics ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Sampaio Gutierrez ◽  
Thales de Brito ◽  
Maria Beatriz Sampaio Lopes ◽  
Venancio Avancini Ferreira Alves
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Medical Diagnosis ◽  
To Come

Malleability of Meta-Analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Stegenga
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Medical Interventions ◽  
Reliable Source ◽  
To Come ◽  
Meta Analyses

An astonishing volume and diversity of evidence is available for many hypotheses in medicine. Some of this evidence—usually from randomized trials—is amalgamated by meta-analysis. Despite the ongoing debate regarding whether or not randomized trials are the gold standard of evidence, the most reliable source of evidence in medical science is usually thought to come from systematic reviews and meta-analyses. This chapter argues that meta-analyses are malleable. Different meta-analyses of the same evidence can reach contradictory conclusions. Meta-analysis fails to provide objective grounds for assessing the effectiveness and harms of medical interventions because numerous decisions must be made when performing a meta-analysis, which allow wide latitude for subjective idiosyncrasies to influence its outcome.

Nobody Knows You're a Dog but Everybody Knows You're a Republican

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryon Balint ◽  
Jennifer Gustafson
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
The Political ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Political Views ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Time Reading ◽  
To Come ◽  
Social Views ◽  
Personal Interests

Geography often serves as at least a partial determinant of economic and cultural characteristics. For example, individuals who live in affluent neighborhoods are likely to come into contact with other individuals who have similar income and education levels, which often tend to be associated with political views and personal interests. However, within electronic social networks (ESNs), geographical barriers weaken or disappear; interacting with someone from another country is as easy as interacting with someone next door. This survey study asks respondents to compare their close friends, people with whom the respondents interact both within an ESN and face-to-face, with their distal friends, people with whom the respondents interact only inside an ESN. Specifically, respondents are asked about the political, religious, and social views of their groups of friends. The results suggest that respondents do perceive significant differences in the views of their close friends versus their distal friends. In addition, respondents who have a higher percentage of close friends and respondents that are more comfortable sharing their own political, religious, and social views are more likely to spend time reading ESN content that conflicts with their views, but are also more likely to block content that conflicts with their views.

scholarly journals Twenty Years of Cerebral Ultrasound Perfusion Imaging—Is the Best yet to Come?

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Eyding ◽  
Christian Fung ◽  
Wolf-Dirk Niesen ◽  
Christos Krogias
Keyword(s):  
Acute Stroke ◽  
Perfusion Imaging ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Ct Perfusion ◽  
Intracerebral Hematoma ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Vessel Occlusion ◽  
The Past ◽  
To Come ◽  
Bedside Method

Over the past 20 years, ultrasonic cerebral perfusion imaging (UPI) has been introduced and validated applying different data acquisition and processing approaches. Clinical data were collected mainly in acute stroke patients. Some efforts were undertaken in order to compare different technical settings and validate results to gold standard perfusion imaging. This review illustrates the evolution of the method, explicating different technical aspects and milestones achieved over time. Up to date, advancements of ultrasound technology as well as data processing approaches enable semi-quantitative, gold standard proven identification of critically hypo-perfused tissue in acute stroke patients. The rapid distribution of CT perfusion over the past 10 years has limited the clinical need for UPI. However, the unexcelled advantage of mobile application raises reasonable expectations for future applications. Since the identification of intracerebral hematoma and large vessel occlusion can also be revealed by ultrasound exams, UPI is a supplementary multi-modal imaging technique with the potential of pre-hospital application. Some further applications are outlined to highlight the future potential of this underrated bedside method of microcirculatory perfusion assessment.

Defining Aggression: Where it Stands and Where it 's Going

1972 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin B. Ferencz
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Conflict Management ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Special Committee ◽  
Rational System ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
The World ◽  
Peace And Security ◽  
To Come

It is seemingly easier to evoke aggression than to dispel it, and easier to commit aggression than to define it. What has been universally condemned as “the gravest of all crimes against peace and security throughout the world ” has yet to be consensually particularized. On the eve of its hundredth meeting, the U.N. Special Committee on the Question of Defining Aggression, the fourth United Nations body to deal with the topic since 1952, adjourned without having carried out its instructions. It did conclude by irresolute acclamation that progress had been made and that it should continue its work in 1973. Despite the semblance of unanimity, both points were not free from doubt. Defining aggression has perplexed legal scholars for nearly half a century. Those who are dedicated to the rule of law and to a rational system of conflict management may wish to consider some of the current disputations aS well as the expectations and requirements of the days or years to come.

Accounting for the Fall of Silver

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Schiltz
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Economic Literature ◽  
World War ◽  
Accounting Data ◽  
Flow Of Funds ◽  
Hedging Strategies ◽  
To Come ◽  
Harmful Effects

Whereas the emergence of the classical gold standard (1870‒1914) has attracted considerable attention in the economic literature, only very few authors have inquired into the protracted confidence crisis of silver. Building on the results of Calomiris, Oppers, and Flandreau, this book explores the evolution of management practice in exchange banks in Asia. Using ‘forensic accounting’, it attempts to show that contemporaries were aware of problems caused by the gyrations of the silver price after 1870, and that they sought to actively remedy their harmful effects on trade between gold and silver using countries. It describes how the experiment with financial instruments, although originally mishaps, eventually led to success. Next, and contrary to the commonly held belief that nineteenth-century bankers did not have a sophisticated understanding of hedging strategies, it shows, in a quantitative way, that hedging strategies existed, impacting banks’ operations in profound ways. More specifically, it uses the mostly unexplored accounting data and archives of the Yokohama Specie Bank (YSB; the world’s third largest exchange bank before World War II) to describe the bank’s wrought management history in the tumultuous years around the turn of the twentieth century. YSB had to come to grips with Japan’s effort at adopting the gold standard (1897), the difficult expansionary ‘postbellum administration’ after the Sino-Japanese War (1894‒5), and the consolidation of the country’s imperialism (after the Russo-Japanese War of 1904‒5)—all events shaping not only the bank’s operations and expansion in Asia, but also affecting the organization of its branch network and management of its flow-of-funds.

Investor-State Dispute Settlement under NAFTA Chapter 11: The Shape of Things to Come?

1998 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 263-290
Author(s):  
J. Anthony VanDuzer
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Minimum Standards ◽  
The North ◽  
State Behaviour ◽  
Nafta Chapter 11 ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Right

SummaryRecently, there has been a proliferation of international agreements imposing minimum standards on states in respect of their treatment of foreign investors and allowing investors to initiate dispute settlement proceedings where a state violates these standards. Of greatest significance to Canada is Chapter 11 of the North American Free Trade Agreement, which provides both standards for state behaviour and the right to initiate binding arbitration. Since 1996, four cases have been brought under Chapter 11. This note describes the Chapter 11 process and suggests some of the issues that may arise as it is increasingly resorted to by investors.

Scanning Electron Microscopy-cuticular Lesions on the Roundworm Ascaris Suum

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 114-115
Author(s):  
P. A. Madden ◽  
W. R. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Secondary Electron ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Silver Paint ◽  
To Come ◽  
Scanning Electron

The intestinal roundworm of swine is pinkish in color and about the diameter of a lead pencil. Adult worms, taken from parasitized swine, frequently were observed with macroscopic lesions on their cuticule. Those possessing such lesions were rinsed in distilled water, and cylindrical segments of the affected areas were removed. Some of the segments were fixed in buffered formalin before freeze-drying; others were freeze-dried immediately. Initially, specimens were quenched in liquid freon followed by immersion in liquid nitrogen. They were then placed in ampuoles in a freezer at −45C and sublimated by vacuum until dry. After the specimens appeared dry, the freezer was allowed to come to room temperature slowly while the vacuum was maintained. The dried specimens were attached to metal pegs with conductive silver paint and placed in a vacuum evaporator on a rotating tilting stage. They were then coated by evaporating an alloy of 20% palladium and 80% gold to a thickness of approximately 300 A°. The specimens were examined by secondary electron emmission in a scanning electron microscope.

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