scholarly journals ABOUT PHYSICS AND MATHEMATICS OF POWER SUPPLIES INDUSTRIAL AND SIMILAR TO THEM POWER CONSUMERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (109) ◽  
pp. 61-76
Author(s):  
O. I. Doroshenko ◽  
◽  
S. A. Borisenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Quantum Model ◽  
Secondary Voltage ◽  
Transformer Power ◽  
And Mathematics

Based on modern quantum physics, an original approach is proposed to the principle of mod- eling the transmission of electrical energy to industrial and equated consumers with a design power of up to 1000 kVA, which is performed using transformers of the TM-6 (10) / 0.4 kV type, provided that that their secondary voltage is a potential form of the SES electromagnetic energy supplied to such consumers. At the same time, the normal mode of the maximum load of the transformer is considered when its active and reac- tive loads are equal, at which the reactive load factor of the consumer's power supply system has the highest permissible value (the phase angle of the sinusoidal voltage current is zero). A static vector-quantum model of a transformer power transmission has been developed, which simplifies the understanding of the process of compensating for the reactive load of a transformer and makes it possible to refine the operating power of a capacitor bank with 0.4 kV capacitors. At the same time, the idea is confirmed that the value of the reactive load factor of a transformer is not only the main criterion for the electromagnetic compatibility of the SES of a particular electricity consumer, but also a criterion for its economic efficiency. Using the numerical value of such a coefficient, it is possible to determine the value of the economic equivalent of the reactive load of a particular SES.

scholarly journals STATIC VECTOR-QUANTUM TRANSFORMER MODEL ELECTRIC TRANSMISSIONS INDUSTRIAL AND SIMILAR TO THEM ELECTRICITY CONSUMERS UNDER 0.4 KV

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (108) ◽  
pp. 74-82
Author(s):  
O. I. Doroshenko ◽  
◽  
S. A. Borisenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Physics ◽  
Electromagnetic Compatibility ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Balance Sheet ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Electrical Network ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Quantum Model ◽  
Transformer Model

Based on modern quantum physics, an original approach is proposed to the principle of mod- eling the transmission of electrical energy to industrial and equated consumers with a design power of up to 1000 kVA, which is performed using transformers of the ТМ-6(10)/0,4 kV type, provided that their secondary voltage is a potential form of SES electromagnetic energy supplied to such consumers. At the same time, thenormal mode of the maximum load of the transformer is considered when its active and reactive loads are equal, at which the reactive load factor of the consumer's power supply system has the highest permissible value (the phase angle of the sinusoidal voltage current is zero). A static vector-quantum model of a trans- former power transmission has been developed, which simplifies the understanding of the process of com- pensating for the reactive load of a transformer and makes it possible to refine the operating power of a ca- pacitor bank with 0.4 kV capacitors. At the same time, the idea is confirmed that the value of the reactive load factor of a transformer is not only the main criterion for the electromagnetic compatibility of the SES of a particular electricity consumer, but also a criterion for its economic efficiency. Using the numerical value of such a coefficient, it is possible to determine the value of the economic equivalent of the reactive load of a particular SES. At the same time, such a coefficient should be normalized to each specific consumer at the point of division of the balance sheet belonging to the electrical network of such a consumer.

Finite Element Analysis of the ESTELA M1 Airplane Firewall (Representative Specimen)

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Ramirez-Elias ◽  
E. Ledesma-Orozco ◽  
H. Hernandez-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Federal Aviation Administration ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Representative Specimen ◽  
Maximum Displacement ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Element Simulation ◽  
The Relationship

This paper shows the finite element simulation of a representative specimen from the firewall section in the AEROMARMI ESTELA M1 aircraft. This specimen is manufactured in glass and carbon / epoxy laminates. The specimen is subjected to a load which direction and magnitude are determined by a previous dynamic loads study [10], taking into account the maximum load factor allowed by the FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) for utilitarian aircrafts [11]. A representative specimen is manufactured with the same features of the firewall. Meanwhile a fix is built in order to introduce the load directions on the representative specimen. The relationship between load and displacement is plotted for this representative specimen, whence the maximum displacement at the specific load is obtained, afterwards it is compared with the finite element model, which is modified in its laminate thicknesses in order to decrease the deviation error; subsequently this features could be applied to perform the whole firewall analysis in a future model [10].

The Compensation Research of Contactless Electrical Energy Transmission System

2011 ◽  
Vol 108 ◽  
pp. 67-73
Author(s):  
Ke Huang ◽  
Zhi Yong Liang ◽  
Li Ping Zhang ◽  
Le Lu
Keyword(s):  
Circuit Design ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Transmission Power ◽  
Transmission Performance ◽  
Energy Transmission ◽  
Loosely Coupled ◽  
Maximum Transmission Power ◽  
Maximum Transmission ◽  
Transmission Ability

Contactless electrical energy transmission (CEET) system realizes power transmission with no electrical or physical connection by the perfect combination of inductive coupling technique and electronics. This paper studies the characteristics of the CEET system based on the loosely coupled transformer mathematical model, then analyses the power transmission performance and its changing rules in different compensation topologies. We can get the parameter requirements when the load obtains the maximum transmission power from these studies. This work can provide reference to optimize the circuit design and promote the power transmission ability for the CEET system.

scholarly journals Calculations, norming and reducing of electrical energy losses in city electrical networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 46-54
Author(s):  
A. V. Lykin ◽  
E. A. Utkin
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Demand Curve ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electrical Network ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Electrical Networks

The article considers the feasibility of changing the structure of a distribution electrical network by transferring points of electricity transformation as close to consumers as possible. This approach is based on installation of pole-mounted transformer substations (PMTS) near consumer groups and changes the topology of the electrical network. At the same time, for groups of consumers, the configuration of sections of the low-voltage network, including service drops, changes. The efficiency of approaching transformer substations to consumers was estimated by the reduction in electrical energy losses due to the expansion of the high-voltage network. The calculation of electrical losses was carried out according to twenty-four hour consumer demand curve. To estimate the power losses in each section of the electrical network of high and low voltage, the calculated expressions were obtained. For the considered example, the electrical energy losses in the whole network with a modified topology is reduced by about two times, while in a high-voltage network with the same transmitted power, the losses are reduced to a practically insignificant level, and in installed PMTS transformers they increase mainly due to the rise in total idle losses. The payback period of additional capital investments in option with modified topology will be significantly greater if payback is assessed only by saving losses cost. Consequently, the determination of the feasibility of applying this approach should be carried out taking into account such factors as increasing the reliability of electricity supply, improving the quality of electricity, and increasing the power transmission capacity of the main part of electrical network.

scholarly journals Development of the wave method of calculation operational parameters of a double-circuit power transmission line with known values of output voltages and currents at the end of the line

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
G. A. Bolshanin ◽  
M. P. Plotnikov
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Transmission Line ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Power Transmission Line ◽  
Induced Voltage ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Reflected Waves

Electrical energy from the place of its generation is transmitted to consumers of various capacities. The distance from the source of electrical energy to the consumer can vary from several meters to several thousand kilometers. In this regard, the accurate determination of the operating parameters of the power transmission line (PTL) is a mandatory and necessary condition for the PTL normal functioning. In the current-carrying parts of the double-circuit PTL there are six incident and six reflected waves of the electromagnetic field. They determine voltages and currents. A scheme is proposed for the distribution of these waves along linear wires of a homogeneous section of a double-circuit PTL. This scheme shows that the current-carrying parts of the adjacent wires have a significant impact on voltages and currents in one wire. This scheme illustrates the distribution of the amplitude values of electromagnetic field waves, defined as the integration constant. Using the integration constants, the propagation constants of electromagnetic waves along the linear wires of the PTL and the corresponding wave impedances, one can obtain the amplitude values of the incident and reflected waves at any point of the double- circuit PTL, and hence the currents and voltages in the double-circuit PTL. The article presents a method for determining the currents and voltages in a double-circuit PTL according to the load. The proposed method will allow determining the qualitative and quantitative indicators of electrical energy (induced voltage) appearing from each wire separately and provide the possibility of their elimination, which will improve the quality of electrical energy.

scholarly journals Influence of smart metering systems on increasing the accuracy of calculation electrical power losses in electrical networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 220 ◽  
pp. 01026
Author(s):  
Timur Musaev ◽  
Marat Khabibullin ◽  
Ramil Kamaliev ◽  
Oleg Fedorov ◽  
Ilgiz Valeev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Actual Data ◽  
Load Factor ◽  
Electrical Networks ◽  
Operating Load ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Increase In Accuracy

The article discusses the possibility of using data from smart electricity meters (SEM) to increase the accuracy of calculation losses in 0.4 kV low-voltage networks. An increase in accuracy can be achieved using actual data about the load graph of electricity consumers (in this case, 6(10)-0.4 kV transformer substations are meant). To date, the operating load factor is taken equal to 0.5, which does not always correspond to the actual data. Using SEM, actual load graphs can be obtained, which enable more accurate determination of the operating load factor. Consequently, the accuracy of calculation of electrical energy losses will be increased.

scholarly journals Electrical Energy Transmission Systems at Elevated Frequency

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1240-1243
Keyword(s):  
Power Transmission ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Energy Transmission ◽  
Single Wire ◽  
Transmission Systems ◽  
Power Transmission Systems ◽  
Resonant Systems ◽  
Step Down ◽  
Elevated Frequency

The article presents information about the composition of the equipment of resonant power transmission systems. The resonant systems of electrical energy transmission by single-wire cable or overhead lines at elevated frequency include frequency conversion devices, power transmission lines, and devices for the reverse transformation of electrical energy to the voltage required by the consumer. In contrast to traditional systems of electrical power transmission, resonant systems are being operated on an elevated frequency of 5-15 kHz, a power transmission line voltage is 1-10 kV. In this case resonant transformers are used. The frequency of the power transmission system is set by the resonant transmitting transformer; the receiving transformer is a wideband step-down one.The main components of the resonant transmitting transformer are a power resonant circuit and a step-up/step-down winding. The maximum output power of the converter depends on the voltage supplied to the circuit, circuit voltage, circuit capacitance, frequency, and other parameters. One can change the transmitted power by changing the transmission frequency, for example, for lighting systems.Due to the fact that resonant power transmission systems operating at elevated frequency are less demanding on the grounding quality, they are more efficient compared to single wire ground return line operating at a constant current and an alternating current of commercial frequency

scholarly journals Quantum Computer: Quantum Model and Reality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasil Dinev Penchev
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Turing Machine ◽  
Quantum Computer ◽  
Classical Model ◽  
Hidden Variables ◽  
Quantum Model ◽  
Computational Process ◽  
Intermediate Domain ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
The Axiom Of Choice

Any computer can create a model of reality. The hypothesis that quantum computer can generate such a model designated as quantum, which coincides with the modeled reality, is discussed. Its reasons are the theorems about the absence of “hidden variables” in quantum mechanics. The quantum modeling requires the axiom of choice. The following conclusions are deduced from the hypothesis. A quantum model unlike a classical model can coincide with reality. Reality can be interpreted as a quantum computer. The physical processes represent computations of the quantum computer. Quantum information is the real fundament of the world. The conception of quantum computer unifies physics and mathematics and thus the material and the ideal world. Quantum computer is a non-Turing machine in principle. Any quantum computing can be interpreted as an infinite classical computational process of a Turing machine. Quantum computer introduces the notion of “actually infinite computational process”. The discussed hypothesis is consistent with all quantum mechanics. The conclusions address a form of neo-Pythagoreanism: Unifying the mathematical and physical, quantum computer is situated in an intermediate domain of their mutual transformations.

Efficient Rectenna Circuit for Wireless Power Transmission

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
Anurag Saxena ◽  
Paras Raizada ◽  
Lok Prakash Gautam ◽  
Bharat Bhushan Khare
Keyword(s):  
Resonant Frequency ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Single Band ◽  
Impedance Bandwidth ◽  
Power Transfer ◽  
Wireless Power ◽  
Wireless Power Transmission ◽  
Power Transfer Efficiency

Wireless power transmission is the transmission of electrical energy without using any conductor or wire. It is useful to transfer electrical energy to those places where it is hard to transmit energy using conventional wires. In this chapter, the authors designed and implemented a wireless power transfer system using the basics of radio frequency energy harvesting. Numerical data are presented for power transfer efficiency of rectenna. From the simulated results, it is clear that the anticipated antenna has single band having resonant frequency 2.1 GHz. The anticipated antenna has impedance bandwidth of 62.29% for single band. The rectenna has maximum efficiency of 60% at 2.1 GHz. The maximum voltage obtained by DC-DC converter is 4V at resonant frequency.

scholarly journals An Enhanced Multiplication of RF Energy Harvesting Efficiency Using Relay Resonator for Food Monitoring

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 1963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan-Tu Cao ◽  
Wan-Young Chung
Keyword(s):  
Energy Harvesting ◽  
Power Transmission ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Magnetic Coupling ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Smart Sensor ◽  
Rf Energy Harvesting ◽  
Sensor Module ◽  
Rf Energy

Recently, radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting (RFEH) has become a promising technology for a battery-less sensor module. The ambient RF radiation from the available sources is captured by receiver antennas and converted to electrical energy, which is used to supply smart sensor modules. In this paper, an enhanced method to improve the efficiency of the RFEH system using strongly coupled electromagnetic resonance technology was proposed. A relay resonator was added between the reader and tag antennas to improve the wireless power transmission efficiency to the sensor module. The design of the relay resonator was based on the resonant technique and near-field magnetic coupling concept to improve the communication distance and the power supply for a sensor module. It was designed such that the self-resonant frequencies of the reader antenna, tag antenna, and the relay resonator are synchronous at the HF frequency (13.56MHz). The proposed method was analyzed using Thevenin equivalent circuit, simulated and experimental validated to evaluate its performance. The experimental results showed that the proposed harvesting method is able to generate a great higher power up to 10 times than that provided by conventional harvesting methods without a relay resonator. Moreover, as an empirical feasibility test of the proposed RF energy harvesting device, a smart sensor module which is placed inside a meat box was developed. It was utilized to collect vital data, including temperature, relative humidity and gas concentration, to monitor the freshness of meat. Overall, by exploiting relay resonator, the proposed smart sensor tag could continuously monitor meat freshness without any batteries at the innovative maximum distance of approximately 50 cm.

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