scholarly journals Introduction of Art. 276a of the CCP as a Result of the Impact of the SARS-CoV–2 Pandemic on the Criminal Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 185-204
Author(s):  
Adrianna Niegierewicz-Biernacka
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Criminal Trial ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
Special Solutions ◽  
Polish Code ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Special Protection

Abstract One of the consequences of the coronavirus pandemic (SARS-CoV–2) in the context of the impact on the Polish criminal trial was the introduction to the Code of Criminal Procedure of a new preventive measure related to the protection of medical personnel, specified in the new editorial unit – Art. 276a of the CCP. This measure was introduced by the Act of March 31, 2020, amending the Act on special solutions related to the prevention, counteraction, and combating of COVID-19, other infectious diseases and the crisis situations caused by them, and some other acts, and is a novelty in the Polish criminal procedure. The purpose of this article is to investigate a new preventive measure defined in Art. 276a of the Code of Criminal Procedure in terms of the legitimacy of its introduction to the Polish Code of Criminal Procedure. Three research problems will be analysed. The first concerns the extent to which the introduction of the new preventive measure under Art. 276a of the Code of Criminal Procedure was necessary in terms of the need to provide special protection to medical personnel in Poland. The second research problem concerns the extent to which the application of the new preventive measure under Art. 276a of the Code of Criminal Procedure corresponds to the assumptions of the Polish legislator and what is the ratio legis of the analysed regulation. The third research problem boils down to the extent to which the amendment to Art. 276a of the Code of Criminal Procedure corresponds to the rules of legislative technique.

Prevention of crime, tort and epidemy: The use of criminal procedure for preventive purposes in Poland during Covid-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 174889582110567
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Lach
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Public Prosecutor ◽  
Criminal Process ◽  
Illegal Activity ◽  
The Public ◽  
Polish Code ◽  
Prevention Of Crime

Criminal procedure is increasingly becoming an important instrument of prevention. This is a globally observed tendency, and Poland is not an exception. There are several regulations in the Polish Code of Criminal Procedure that allow the preventive use of coercive measures. In 2020, a new and controversial regulation was introduced, authorising the public prosecutor or court to prohibit the publication of content interfering with the legally protected goods of the victim. The author criticises the new preventive measure as duplicating civil law injunctions and expresses the opinion that, in criminal procedure, preventive measures should be used to prevent crime, not every illegal activity. In addition, the article describes the criminal procedure for isolating persons obliged to quarantine themselves because they have tested positive for Covid-19 or had contact with infected persons. This raises the question of the limits of the preventive function of provisional arrest and possible abuse of the criminal process using it for aims unrelated to the traditional goal of the criminal process: determining the question of guilt of the accused.

Restriction of the owner’s right to dispose of and use the owner’s premises in the event of a preventive measure being applied against the owner under Article 275a of the Code of Criminal Procedure

2021 ◽  
Vol I (I) ◽  
pp. 177-194
Author(s):  
Piotr Rogoziński
Keyword(s):  
Civil Law ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Individual Rights ◽  
Property Ownership ◽  
Procedural Law ◽  
Violent Offence ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

The author discusses the impact of a preventive measure in the form of an order to temporarily vacate premises occupied together with an aggrieved party, imposed upon a person charged with a violent offence committed to the detriment of the cohabiting person, on the exercise of civil-law rights to the premises by the said accused, in particular when the accused is the owner of the premises. The individual rights jointly constituting the property ownership right are analysed in the context of a preventive measure referred to in Article 275a of the Code of Criminal Procedure. The meaning of the notion of “premises” as used in the procedural law in relation to the preventive measure and its relation with the civil law is examined as well. The article also features a summary and conclusions.

KARNOPROCESOWA OCHRONA CZŁONKÓW PERSONELU MEDYCZNEGO LUB OSÓB PRZYBRANYCH IM DO POMOCY (ART. 276A K.P.K.)

2021 ◽  
pp. 262-281
Author(s):  
Jacek Kosonoga ◽  
Sławomir Żółtek
Keyword(s):  
Medical Staff ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Polish Code

The subject of the article is a new preventive measure introduced last year in Article 276a of the Polish Code of Criminal Procedure for the protection of the medical staff or persons chosen to help them. Authors discuss in detail the need for such a measure, its purpose and functions, the level of protection it offers, the basic grounds for its application, the various type of injunctions associated with the preventive measure, the associated surety or financial guarantee, and the period of time for which such an injunction may remain in force as well as the authorities applying the preventive measure. Due to the scale of comments, often critical, the issue discussed in the article may turn out to be useful for both legal practitioners and theoreticians.

scholarly journals Modernization of Bail as a Component of Criminal Procedure Restraint in Russia and Abroad

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 466-475
Author(s):  
Alsu Petrukhina ◽  
Vera Popova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Criminal Court ◽  
Procedure Code ◽  
Legal Model ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Impact

Measures of criminal procedure compulsion should, in the first place, ensure the enforcement of criminal procedure on a criminal case, i.e. prevent the suspect or the accused person from going into hiding, committing a new crime, continuing criminal activities, influencing in any way other participants of the criminal process or the proceedings. The Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation foresees bail as one of preventive measure alternative to detention. Bail is not often used in the Russian Federation. According to statistical data from the Court Department of the Supreme Court for the last five years, the number of bails in Russia is negligibly small compared to other preventive measures. On April 18, 2018, the federal law № 72-ФЗ was enacted to change this situation; it did not only introduce changes in the existing preventive measures, but added a new measure prohibiting the performance of certain actions. Such a component of the restriction measure under consideration as the object of bail was examined for the first time in the light of a radical renewal of the existing legal model through the development of an alternative, principally new concept based on the economic interests of the subject of criminal procedure relations which borrowed its key features from the institutes of civil and financial law. It is difficult to notice the impact of this improvement in practice. When bail was chosen as a restrictive measure, the number of cases not only stayed at the same level, but even went down. Due to this, it is relevant to research an opportunity of combining bail with the preventive measure of prohibiting certain actions. A comprehensive research of bail in Russian and foreign law allowed the authors to formulate recommendations on possible improvements in the mechanism of legal regulation of bail in modern criminal court procedure. It is suggested that a number of gaps in legislation should be bridged, specifically, the list of goals of bail included in the law should be changed and the existing goal of preventing new crimes should be supplemented by the following phrase: «Preventing the accused (the suspect) from continuing the crime that began earlier or committing a new crime». It is also suggested that Part 2.1 should be introduced in Art. 106 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, which will make it possible to use bail to compensate for the material damage inflicted by the crime in case of a guilty verdict. The authors believe that it is necessary to improve the effectiveness of such a preventive measure as bail in the Russian Federation, thus reducing the number of cases when incarceration was chosen as a restriction measure for crimes of small and medium gravity.

Self-assessment by medical workers of the degree of influence of working conditions on the development of occupational diseases

2019 ◽  
pp. 463-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. N. Petrukhin ◽  
O. N. Andreenko ◽  
I. V. Boyko ◽  
S. V. Grebenkov
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Medical Institutions ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. The activities of health workers are associated with the impact of many harmful factors that lead to loss of health. Compared with other professional groups, health care workers are ill longer and harder, which may be due to polymorbidity pathology.The aim of the study based on the survey data to study the representation of health workers about working conditions and to identify their impact on the formation of occupational diseases.Materials and methods. In order to get a real idea of the attitude of medical workers to their working conditions in 2018, an anonymous survey was conducted of 1129 doctors and 776 employees of secondary and junior medical personnel working in health care institutions in St. Petersburg, Moscow, Krasnoyarsk, Vologda and Orel.Results. Research of working conditions and health of physicians allowed to establish that work in medical institutions imposes considerable requirements to an organism of working, its physical condition and endurance, volume of operational and long-term memory, ability to resist to mental, moral and ethical overloads.Conclusions: The most important method of combating the development of occupational diseases is their prevention. Organizational and preventive measures should be aimed primarily at monitoring the working conditions and health of medical staff .

The Effect of Information Technology on Fluidity of Contemporary Architectural Space

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-72
Author(s):  
Shatha Abbas Hassan ◽  
Noor Ali Aljorani
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Architectural Space ◽  
Human Thought ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Ease Of Access ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Role Of Information

The increasing importance of the information revolution and terms such as ‘speed’, ‘disorientation’, and ‘changing the concept of distance’, has provided us with tools that had not been previously available. Technological developments are moving toward Fluidity, which was previously unknown and cannot be understood through modern tools. With acceleration of the rhythm in the age we live in and the clarity of the role of information technology in our lives, as also the ease of access to information, has helped us to overcome many difficulties. Technology in all its forms has had a clear impact on all areas of daily life, and it has a clear impact on human thought in general, and the architectural space in particular, where the architecture moves from narrow spaces and is limited to new spaces known as the ‘breadth’, and forms of unlimited and stability to spaces characterized with fluidity. The research problem (the lack of clarity of knowledge about the impact of vast information flow associated with the technology of the age in the occurrence of liquidity in contemporary architectural space) is presented here. The research aims at defining fluidity and clarifying the effect of information technology on the changing characteristics of architectural space from solidity to fluidity. The research follows the analytical approach in tracking the concept of fluidity in physics and sociology to define this concept and then to explain the effect of Information Technology (IT) to achieve the fluidity of contemporary architectural space, leading to an analysis of the Skidmore, Owings and Merrill (SOM) architectural model. The research concludes that information technology achieves fluidity through various tools (communication systems, computers, automation, and artificial intelligence). It has changed the characteristics of contemporary architectural space and made it behave like an organism, through using smart material.

Features of the election of such preventive measure as house arrest in relation to minors

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-157
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Manohina
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
House Arrest ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
A Minor

In the article, the author turns to the study of the peculiarities of choosing such a preventive measure as house arrest for minors. Due to the fact that the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation does not precisely define cases when a court must elect a house arrest in relation to minors, in practice there are often difficulties in which cases to choose such a preventive measure as detention, and in which house arrest. In the work, the author attempts to determine the essence of such a preventive measure as house arrest and the peculiarities of his election in relation to minors, and also considers the prohibitions and (or) restrictions to which minors cannot be subjected. The positions contained in the resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court “On the practice of the application by the courts of legislation on preventive measures in the form of detention, house arrest and bail” are analyzed. The author expresses the opinion that it is inadvisable to choose such a preventive measure as house arrest for minors. Based on the study, the author makes recommendations on the possibility, at the discretion of the court, to make adjustments to the prohibitions and (or) restrictions to which a minor suspect or accused will be subjected to whom such a preventive measure as house arrest is chosen.

Impacto de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones: Una mirada en la Educación Superior

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karina Virginia Mero Suárez ◽  
Edwin Joao Merchán Carreño ◽  
Ana Del Rocío Fernández Torres ◽  
Narcisa María Crespo Torres
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Educación Superior ◽  
Educational Design ◽  
Educacion Superior ◽  
The Impact

El artículo aborda la necesidad de la creatividad que se impone en la era actual del conocimiento y la importancia que  constituyen las tecnologías como herramientas indispensables en todas las esferas de la vida. En Trabajo toma como campo investigativo los cambios que se llevan a cabo en esta esfera en la Universidad Estatal del Sur de Manabí y la Universidad Técnica de Babahoyo, Ecuador, donde se toman como objeto el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje en la Educación Superior. El objetivo de la investigación fue comunicar el impacto de las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones en las Universidades, donde se hace énfasis en el nuevo rol de los docentes y su nuevo desempeño de facilitadores del aprendizaje en los educandos a través en los nuevos escenarios mediados por las tecnologías. Para el desarrollo exitoso de esta memoria investigativa se   usó como metodología instrumentos que se basaron fundamentalmente en documentos referativos que ayudaron a justificar el problema de investigación, el cual consistía fundamentalmente en el impacto de las nuevos  dispositivos tecnológicos y su utilidad en los centros de altos estudios del país. Se concluyó que las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación son herramientas indispensables en la docencia y al mismo tiempo la forma de intervenir en el diseño educativo que nos llevan a explorar nuevos métodos docentes en los escenarios educativos mediados por estas. Se constató además que estas herramientas favorecen satisfactoriamente al proceso si se tiene una buena preparación por parte del docente.   Palabras clave: Herramientas tecnológicas, universidades, formación, docencia universitaria, proceso de enseñanza – aprendizaje Impact of information technology and communications: a look at higher education  Abstract The article states the need of the creativity that prevails in the current era of knowledge and the importance that technologies constitute in all spheres of life. In field research work it takes as changes take place in this area in Southern State University of Manabí and the Technical University of Babahoyo, Ecuador, where they are taken as an object the process of learning in higher education. The aim of the research was to communicate the impact of Information Technology and Communications in the universities, where the emphasis is on the new role of teachers and their new performance of facilitators of learning in students through the new scenarios mediated by technologies. For the successful development of this research report it was used as a methodology instruments based mainly on referative documents that helped to justify the research problem, which consisted mainly of the impact of new technological devices and their use in the centers of higher learning in the country. It was concluded that information technology and communication are indispensable tools in teaching and at the same time how to intervene in the educational design that lead us to explore new teaching methods in educational settings mediated by these. It was further found that these tools successfully promote the process if there is a good preparation by the teacher.

PROBLEM ASPECTS OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURAL NORMS OF PROTECTION OF THE VICTIMS FROM CRIME

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-76
Author(s):  
Яна Валерьевна Самиулина
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Legal Rights ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Effective Mechanism ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Selection Of

В настоящей статье предпринята попытка исследовать отдельные проблемные аспекты института потерпевшего в российском уголовном процессе. В этих целях подвергнуты анализу правовые нормы, регламентирующие его процессуальный статус. Раскрываются отдельные пробелы уголовно-процессуального законодательства в сфере защиты законных прав и интересов потерпевшего. Автор акцентирует внимание на том, что совершенствование уголовно-процессуального законодательства в части расширения правомочий потерпевшего по отстаиванию своих нарушенных преступлением прав следует продолжить. На основании проведенного исследования действующего законодательства в части регламентации прав потерпевшего от преступления предлагается расширить перечень получаемых им копий постановлений, указанных в п. 13 ч. 2 ст. 42 УПК РФ. Автор предлагает включить в перечень указанной законодательной нормы право получения потерпевшим копии постановления об избрании конкретного вида меры пресечения, избранного в отношении подозреваемого (обвиняемого). Для создания действенного механизма защиты интересов потерпевших от преступления юридических лиц предлагаем ч. 9 ст. 42 УПК РФ изложить в следующей редакции: «в случае признания потерпевшим юридического лица его процессуальное право в уголовном процессе осуществляет представляющий его профессиональный адвокат». This article attempts to investigate certain problematic aspects of the institution of the victim in the Russian criminal process. For this purpose, analyzed the individual norms governing his procedural status. Separate gaps of the criminal procedure legislation in the sphere of protection of the legal rights and interests of the victim are disclosed. The author emphasizes that the improvement of the criminal procedure legislation in terms of the extension of the victim’s authority to defend his rights violated by the crime should be continued. On the basis of the study of the current legislation regarding the regulation of the rights of the victim of a crime, it is proposed to expand the list of decisions received by him, referred to in paragraph 13, part 2 of article 42 Code of Criminal Procedure. The author proposes to include in the list of the indicated legislative norm the right to receive the victim a copy of the decision on the selection of a specific type of preventive measure, selected in relation to the suspect (accused). To create an effective mechanism for protecting the interests of legal entities victims of a crime, we offer part 9 of art. 42 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation shall be reworded as follows: «if a legal entity is recognized as a victim, his procedural right in criminal proceedings is exercised by the professional lawyer representing him».

APPLICATION FEATURES OF TECHNICAL AND FORENSIC TOOLS BY AN INVESTIGATOR (THE INTERROGATOR) DURING INTERROGATION IN THE PRETRIAL DETENTION CENTER

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Роман Михайлович Морозов ◽  
Дмитрий Юрьевич Волков
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Detention Center ◽  
Pretrial Detention ◽  
Forensic Tools

Целью статьи было рассмотреть проблемные аспекты тактико-криминалистического применения технических средств при производстве допроса, предложить научно обоснованные рекомендации по их использованию. В статье раскрываются особенности применения технико-криминалистических средств процессуально уполномоченными должностными лицами органов предварительного следствия и дознания при производстве допроса подозреваемых (обвиняемых), в отношении которых избрана мера пресечения в виде заключения под стражу. По результатам проведенных исследований правоприменительной практики и научной литературы авторами раскрываются процессуальные и тактические основания и порядок применения технических средств при производстве допроса на отдельных его этапах, предлагаются решения проблем, связанных с применением технико-криминалистических средств, даются рекомендации по порядку применения отдельных технических средств. Выделяются наиболее целесообразные тактические приемы допроса при применении технических средств фиксации. Авторами предложены изменения в уголовно-процессуальное законодательство по совершенствованию законодательных норм в области применения технических средств при производстве следственных действий. Сформулированные в статье выводы могут быть использованы в правоприменительной практике следователями (дознавателями) при производстве допроса в следственном изоляторе, а также при преподавании отдельных дисциплин: «Уголовный процесс», «Криминалистика», а также специальных курсов (по выбору) уголовно-правового профиля. The purpose of the article was to consider the problematic aspects of the tactical and forensic use of technical means during the interrogation, to offer evidence-based recommendations for their use. The article reveals the features of the use of technical and forensic means by the procedurally authorized officials of the preliminary investigation and inquiry bodies during the interrogation of suspects (accused), in respect of which a preventive measure in the form of detention has been chosen. According to the results of the research of law enforcement practice and scientific literature, the authors reveal the procedural and tactical grounds and the procedure for the use of technical means during the interrogation at its individual stages, offers solutions to problems associated with the use of technical and forensic means, gives some recommendations on the order of application of individual technical means. The most appropriate tactics of interrogation, the use of technical facilities of fixation. The authors propose changes to the criminal procedure legislation to improve the legislative norms in the field of application of technical means in the investigative actions realization. The conclusions formulated in the article can be used in law enforcement practice by investigators (inquirers) during the interrogation in the pretrial detention center, as well as in the teaching of certain disciplines: «Criminal procedure», «Criminalistics», as well as special courses (optional) of criminal law profile.

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