Early prenatal treatment of ewes with testosterone completely masculinises external genitalia of female offspring but has no effects on early body weight changes

1986 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael F. Tarttelin
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Prenatal Treatment ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Single Male ◽  
Affect Body Weight ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
And Control ◽  
Measurement Period

Abstract. Treatment of pregnant ewes from day 20 of gestation with 100 mg implants of crystalline testosterone did not cause masculinisation of genitalia or affect growth rates of female lambs. Prenatal treatment from day 20 of gestation with testosterone propionate (1.2 g in divided doses for four weeks) or testosterone cypionate (600 mg in 3 doses over three weeks) completely masculinised the external genitalia of female lambs producing a ventral penis and scrotum with no external vaginal opening: ovaries and uteri were normal. Single male lambs were significantly heavier than female lambs during a 16 week measurement period, but masculinised female lambs were not different from controls. In the twin lamb groups, there were no differences between male and female or treated and control lambs. Body weights of castrated male lambs born as twins were not different from entire controls. It was concluded that testosterone treatment of developing lambs from 20 to 65 days of gestation produces complete masculinisation of external genitalia of female lambs but does not affect body weight during the first 16 weeks of age.

PRE-MATERNAL ISOLATION EFFECTS ON BEHAVIOUR AND ENDOCRINE FUNCTION OF OFFSPRING

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Sackler ◽  
A. S. Weltman ◽  
R. Schwartz ◽  
P. Steinglass
Keyword(s):  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
The Body ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Isolation Stress ◽  
Developmental Growth ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT This report was designed to determine combined effects of maternal endocrine imbalances and abnormal behaviour due to prolonged isolation stress of female mice on the behaviour, developmental growth rate and endocrine function of their offspring. Sixty female albino mice averaging 19 g were divided equally into isolated and control groups. The isolated females were housed singly; control females were maintained in groups of 2 mice per cage. After observation of behavioural and physiological effects characteristic of isolation stress in the test mice, all isolated and control mice were mated after a 6½ month experimental, isolation period. No differences were observed in fertility and fecundity of the two groups of mothers. Analyses of developmental growth rates of the litters of the isolated versus control mothers showed significantly lower body weights in the test offspring at 3 and 4 weeks of age. The body weights of the female offspring remained significantly lower from the 4th to 11th weeks. The effects on the body weights of the male offspring declined and were no longer statistically significant at the 5th to 11 weeks. Locomotor activity at 4½ and 8 weeks of age was markedly or significantly higher in the male and female mice from isolated mothers. Tail-blood samples taken prior to autopsy at 5 and 11 weeks of age revealed significant decreases in the total leukocyte and eosinophil counts of both sexes. At the two ages, the absolute and relative spleen and thymus weights of the male and female offspring were markedly and/or significantly lower than the values observed in counterpart young from control females. Significant decreases were also observed in the absolute gonadal organ weights of both sexes at 11 weeks of age. The various data indicated inhibited growth rates, heightened locomotor activity and evasiveness, as well as evidence of increased adrenocortical function in the offspring from test mothers. The gonadal weight decreases suggested retarded gonadal development. Further studies using split-litter techniques are required to differentiate the effects of prenatal endocrine imbalances versus postnatal maternal influence (i. e., nursing care) on the offspring.

scholarly journals Modeling of daily body weights and body weight changes of Nordic Red cows

2015 ◽  
Vol 98 (10) ◽  
pp. 6992-7002 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Mäntysaari ◽  
E.A. Mäntysaari
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
Body Weights

scholarly journals COVID 19 Pandemic: Changes in the emotions, body weights and nutrition habits of individuals during social intervention measures

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Özlem Özpak Akkuş ◽  
Betül Gülşen Atalay ◽  
Eda Parlak
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Emotional State ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Social Intervention ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Main Meal

BACKGROUND: During the Covid 19 pandemic, the increase in the anxiety levels of individuals is associated with the increase in body weight. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of changes in individuals’ experiences and mood on eating habits and body weights in during social restrictions due to COVID-19. METHODS: The study included 623 adults in Turkey. Demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, information about nutritional habits during the pandemic period were questioned via an online survey. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to evaluate individuals’ negative perspectives. RESULTS: The rate of patients who experienced body weight changes during the pandemic period was 61.4% (40.2% experienced increase), the mean BDI value was found to be higher in individuals whose body weight increased/decreased compared to those who experienced no change in body weight (p = 0.008, p = 0.02, respectively). Variables that positively affected the BDI scores, which was performed in individuals with increased body weight, main meal numbers (p < 0.03), and change in dried fruit consumption (p = 0.05). The variables that negatively affected the BDI scores were body weight increase (p = 0.05) and changes in cheese consumption. CONCLUSIONS: We found that the changes in the emotional state during COVID-19 had an effect on dietary habits and body weight. There is a need for more comprehensive randomized studies on the interaction between lifestyle changes during the social intervention period due to the Covid 19 epidemic, quality of life, emotional state and eating habits.

Body mass and attractivity of female offspring are negatively affected by food restriction of meadow vole (Microtus pennsylvanicus) dams during lactation

Behaviour ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 151 (12-13) ◽  
pp. 1847-1868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramona M. Sabau ◽  
Lyndsey Pierson ◽  
Michael H. Ferkin
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Sexual Behaviour ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Microtus Pennsylvanicus ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Meadow Vole ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
And Control

The environment experienced by pups during lactation (nutrition and maternal behaviour) can contribute not only to sexual development, but also to individual differences in offspring sexual behaviour. We tested the hypothesis that female offspring of meadow vole dams (Microtus pennsylvanicus) that were 30% food restricted (FR) during days 1–7 of lactation (FR 1–7), days 8–14 of lactation (FR 8–14), or days 15–21 of lactation (FR 15–21) show negative effects on their food intake, growth, and the three components of sexual behaviour (attractivity, proceptivity and receptivity) as compared with female offspring of control dams. With the exception of age 29 days or age 34 days, the body weights of female offspring of FR 1–7 dams and FR 8–14 dams between days 21 and 48 were lower than the body weights of female offspring of FR 15–21 dams and those of control dams. Female offspring of FR 1–7 dams maintained a lower body weight than the other female offspring throughout the study. Female offspring of FR 8–14 and FR 15–21 dams produced odours that were less attractive to males than odours produced by those of FR 1–7 and control dams. Female offspring of FR dams and control dams did not differ in their measures of proceptivity and receptivity. However, the total amount of time allocated for copulation by males was shorter for those males that were paired with female offspring of FR 1–7 dams than it was for those that were paired with the female offspring of FR 8–14, FR15–21, and control dams. The results of this study, coupled with those found in a study conducted on the male offspring of FR dams, indicate that for female offspring days 1–7 and for male offspring days 8–14 of lactation are the time periods during which food restriction of dams had the greatest impact on deficits in sexual behaviour and body mass in meadow voles.

Seasonal changes in body weight and composition of dunlin (Calidris alpina)

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. McEwan ◽  
P. M. Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Calidris Alpina ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Adverse Weather Conditions ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Fraser River Delta ◽  
Migrant Birds

Seasonal variations in body weight and composition were studied in a population of dunlin (Calidris alpina) wintering in the Fraser River delta in 1979–1980. In December, mean body weights reached a peak of 61 and 56 g in female and male dunlin, respectively. During the next 2 months, body weight decreased 11–15% and fat depots by 61–67%. The weight and composition of migrant birds (April) were similar to the values determined in November. The linear regression relating body weight and fat (slope = 1.31, r = 0.58, P < 0.05) suggests that there is a slight relationship between weight changes and fat levels. The reduction in weight and fat resevoirs is related to adverse weather conditions and reduced prey densities.

Clinical Significance of Weight Changes in Malnutrition After Oesophagectomy for Cancer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Fan ◽  
jinyuan Liu ◽  
fei zhao ◽  
haoran Lin ◽  
Lei Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
The Body ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
And Control

Abstract PurposeThis aim of study was to evaluate the potential effect of differences in body mass index (BMI) on nutritional status of patients after esophagectomy. METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed the association of BMI changes associated with nutritional dysfunction among esophageal cancer patients who received R0 esophagectomy from 2018 to 2019. The odd ratio (ORs) of factors related to more than 15% weight loss compared with the body weight at the discovery of the esophageal cancer and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated via binary logistic regression models after adjusting possible confounders. RESULTSThis study included 145 patients with median age at surgery 59 (interquartile range [IQR] 28–81 years), 44 female (43.6%), and mean BMI 25.1 ± 5.3 Kg/m2 at the onset of the disease. At 1-year follow-up, 33 patients (22.8%) experienced ≥ 15% weight loss: 20 among the 52 patients with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and 13 among the 93 patients with BMI < 25 kg/m2 at the onset of the disease (P = 0.023). After adjustment for potential confounders, initial overweighting as well as advanced tumour p-stage were independent risk factors for higher risk of 1-year ≥ 15% weight loss (OR 2.07, 95%CI (1.39, 3.08); P=0.041; OR 2.58, 95% CI (1.64, 4.06); P=0.032). CONCLUSIONAssociation exists between overweighting at the onset of the disease and postoperative ≥ 15% weight loss risk in patients with oesophagectomy, highlighting the modulation and control of body weight to reduce the risk of malnutrition following oesophagectomy.

A Factor Analysis of Seasonal, Behavioral, Hormonal and Body Weight Changes in Adult Male Barheaded Geese, Anser Indicus

Behaviour ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 90 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 114-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Dittami ◽  
Heinz-Ullrich Reyer
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Seasonal Basis ◽  
Anser Indicus ◽  
Circulating Levels

AbstractIndividual measurements of courting, aggression, pairbond displays, body weights and the circulating levels of testosterone, LH, T4 and prolactin in male barheaded geese were subjected to a factoral analysis. Data from the whole year were analysed and then broken up into pre-breeding and post-breeding components and re-analysed. Some parameters remained clumped in the same factors throughout like aggression and pair-bond displays, LH and testosterone, and prolactin and body weight. Others, especially behavioral and endocrinological parameters were only linked on either an annual or seasonal basis.

scholarly journals Analysis of cyclic feed intake in rats fed on a zinc-deficient diet and the level of dihydropyrimidinase (EC 3.5.2.2)

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 711-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nanaya Tamaki ◽  
Shigeko Fujimoto-Sakata ◽  
Mariko Kikugawa ◽  
Masae Kaneko ◽  
Satomi Onosaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Weight Change ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Cyclic Variations ◽  
Zinc Deficient Diet ◽  
And Control

The body weight and feed intake of rats fed on a Zn-deficient diet for 28 d were reduced compared with those of control rats. The feed intakes of the Zn-deficient and control groups during the period were 10·2 (SE 0·3) and 15·7 (SE 0·2) g/d respectively. Cyclic variations in feed intake and body-weight changes were found in analysis not only of all the data for five rats but also that in each individual rat. Cosinor analysis revealed that the cyclical period of both the feed intake and body-weight change in the Zn-deficient rats was 3·5 (SE 0·1) d. The mesor and amplitude value of the feed intake in the Zn-deficient rats was 10 1 (SE 0·4) g/d and 3·5 (SE 0·5) g/d respectively, and that of body-weight change was 1·4 (SE 0·1) g/d and 7·9 (SE 1·3) gObihiro d respectively. Among pyrimidine-catabolizing enzymes, dihydropyrimidinase (EC3.5.2.2) activity showed significantretardation in the Zn-deficient rat liver with decrease of the enzyme protein. The ratio of apo-form to holo-form dihydropyrimidinase in the liver was not affected by the Zn-deficient diet.

Protein growth in pigs

1987 ◽  
Vol 1987 ◽  
pp. 8-8
Author(s):  
C.T. Whittemore ◽  
J.B. Tullis
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Protein Retention ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Allometric Expressions ◽  
Crossbred Pigs

Without knowledge of potential protein growth, nutrient requirements of pigs cannot be accurately determined. Daily protein retention [Pr] was estimated with 45 crossbred pigs serially slaughtered between 20 and 200 kg body weight. An understanding of growth to maturity is vital for the adequate nutrition of pigs grown to slaughter at heavier weights and for breeding sows, but the determined function: Pr(kg) - 0.125 [±0.009] -0.0002 [±0.0001] mean live weight, having no significant slope, was an inadequate descriptor of instantaneous Pr for pigs of more than 110 kg. Allometry was therefore used to predict protein weight at any given body weight and the Gompertz function to express body weight changes with time and derive values for weight at maturity. Predicted values for Pr attained maxima at 75 kg body weight of 130 g for entire males. 120 g for females and 105 g for castrates. Between 45 and 110 kg body weight Pr was within 10 g of the maximum rate (Figure 1); mature body weights were estimated to be 240, 215 and 225 kg. Allometric expressions for dissected carcass and chemical components as a function of empty body weight are given in Table 1. Figure 2 compares currently predicted potential rates of protein retention with those of Carr et al. [1977] and Thorbek (19751. It is evident that weight and age at maturity are crucial to the quantification of protein growth; such measurements are prerequisite to the provision of a quantitative description of improved pig genotypes.

Heat stress amelioration measures in lactating Nili-Ravi buffaloes: Effect on body weight changes, dry matter intake, milk production and economics

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalyan Sundar Das ◽  
Jitendra Kumar Singh ◽  
Ghansham Singh ◽  
Raman Malik ◽  
Parminder Singh Oberoi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Body Weights

The aim of the present study was to find out the effect of heat stress amelioration on body weight changes, dry matter intake, milk yield and economics in lactating Nili-Ravi buffaloes during hot-dry (HD; April to Mid June) and hot-humid (HH; Mid June to August) seasons under tropical climate. Forty two Nili-Ravi lactating buffaloes were uniformly divided into two groups of twenty one in each considering their lactation number, stage of lactation, body weight, dam’s milk yield and milk yield in current lactation. The control (T0) group buffaloes were kept in separate shed without any nutrient supplementation and modification in microclimate and management. The treatment (T1) group was supplemented with niacin, yeast, edible oil in feed and provided curtains and mist fans in the shed, and altered feeding time, frequency and type of ration. The overall mean body weights in control and treatment group buffaloes were noted to be 517.4 kg and 523.4 kg, respectively. Under HD and HH seasons, mean body weights at different fortnights in treatment group buffaloes were 515.6 kg and 531.1 kg, respectively. In control group, the respective values were 512 kg and 522.7 kg. Although the body weights were higher in treatment than control group, there were no statistically significant differences between two experimental groups. The overall mean daily total dry matter intake (TDMI), dry matter intake through concentrate (CDMI), dry matter intake through dry fodder (DFDMI) and dry matter intake through green fodder (GFDMI) were noted to be 13.04, 4.21, 1.02, 7.92, 14.13, 4.24, 1.17 and 8.65 kg in control and treatment group buffaloes, respectively. Under both seasons, treatment group buffaloes consumed more dry matter than control group throughout the experimental period. The values were also differed significantly (ranged from P<0.05 to P<0.0001) between two groups. The overall mean values of fortnightly total milk production were 103.2 kg in control group and 121.5 kg in treatment group. Throughout the period, treatment group buffaloes produced more milk than control. Milk production was also significantly (P<0.0001) differed between control and treatment groups under two seasons. The daily average additional input cost per buffalo was maximum 22/- and additional income per buffalo was minimum 35/-. Therefore, the net profit was around 13/- per buffalo per day. The input: output ratio was calculated to be 1:1.59. It can be concluded that the use of such types of housing, nutritional and management interventions in the form of one package not only helps to maintain body weight but also increases dry matter intake and favours economic milk production in lactating buffaloes through reducing heat stress during hot-dry and hot-humid seasons in tropical climate.

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