The globalized state: Measuring and monitoring governance

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bogdan Buduru ◽  
Leslie A. Pal
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Transparency International ◽  
International Agencies ◽  
Governance Indicators ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Quality Of Governance ◽  
Powerful Mechanism ◽  
Freedom House

In the last 20 years, there has been an explosion of ‘governance indicators’ purporting to measure and track the quality of governance (especially public administration) among states. These indicators are sponsored by international agencies such as the World Bank, NGOs such as Transparency International and Freedom House, and private sector risk assessors. We argue that this web of standards marks a distinctive feature of globalized, if loose, coordination among states and an increase in monitoring and auditing functions. The article reviews the major governance indicators, their characteristics and limitations. We conclude that these indicators are a little noticed, but supremely powerful mechanism of discordant control and discipline on state systems around the world.

scholarly journals Foreign Aid and Corruption: Clarifying Murky Empirical Conclusions

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uchenna Efobi ◽  
Ibukun Beecroft ◽  
Simplice Asongu
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Jel Codes ◽  
Transparency International ◽  
Governance Indicators ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Specific Direction ◽  
Economic Infrastructure ◽  
Freedom House

This study considers foreign aid flow by sector in which the aid is directed and then estimates its impact on corruption in order to clarify the specific direction of aid flow that triggers (or does not trigger) corrupt practices. Data are from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development database, Freedom House dataset, and the World Bank Governance Indicators. The dynamic system GMM and quantile regressions (QR) were estimated for robust estimation and correction of endogeneity issues. We found that aid flows for the development of economic infrastructure, multi-sector and programme assistance were consistently reducing corruption. This result stands for both the entire sample and for the African countries (especially for countries at the 25th, 50th and 75th quintiles). Aid flows to social infrastructure and debt relief significantly induce corrupt practices in the sampled countries. These forms of aid only spur rent-seeking behaviour for countries at the lower quintiles of corruption. Two robust checks were estimated, including: (a) using an alternate explained variable—the corruption measure by Transparency International; and (b) correcting for endogeneity in the QR estimation by instrumenting the independent variables of interest with their first-lags. For both checks, the signs and significant values of the variables were consistent with the earlier estimation. JEL Codes: B20, F35, F50, O10, O55

scholarly journals The Quality of Governance and EU Regional Policy as a key determinant in the process of the integration of the Western Balkans into the EU

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr.Sc. Demush Bajrami ◽  
MA. Amir Mustafai
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Economic Transition ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Association Agreement ◽  
Governance Indicators ◽  
Quality Of Governance

This paper analyzes the quality of governance and financial assistance as key determinants for successful functioning of the process of integration within the European Union (EU). Moreover, the paper develops a comparison of the Western Balkans with current EU members and the forthcoming, on the basis of the selected indicators of governance (rule of law, democracy, corruption, political stability, and effectiveness of state) with the experience of the implementation of the reforms of public administration. Various surveys show that the Western Balkans, by all quality of governance indicators, especially in the rule of law, lags behind 28 (twenty eight) of the current EU countries (without taking in account the Great Britain). The low level of the functioning of rule of law, combined with inadequate and unreformed public administration is potentially the biggest obstacle in the association agreement of the Western Balkans with EU, but also as challenge in achieving sustainable social and economic development.Whereas in the case of the Western Balkan countries, there is an obvious difference between proclaiming and internal reality, which is further compounded by a difficult political and economic transition, as well as in social domain - where poverty and corruption are the most worrying. The research data obtained from independent bodies - academic and research institutions, civil society and international organizations - confirm this controversial picture of the Western Balkans. Negative attitudes still prevail in Western Balkans political elites and if given the chance to political manipulation, may behave unpredictably. All this makes it obligatory to make a comparative overview, for depicting in particular the quality of governance as sine qua non for the Western Balkans countries‘ integration in EU. 

scholarly journals How to Develop the EU Justice Scoreboard into a Rule of Law Index: Using an Existing Tool in the EU Rule of Law Crisis in a More Efficient Way

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 936-955
Author(s):  
András Jakab ◽  
Lando Kirchmair
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
Governance Indicators ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Single Number ◽  
Critical Overview ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Freedom House

AbstractIn this Article we argue that rule of law indices are a powerful tool to detect ills in the rule of law of EU Member States. In order to explain how to improve the indices’ potential, we give a critical overview of the methodological issues of the four rule of law indices which we consider particularly instructive for our purpose. These are the indices provided by the Freedom House (“Freedom in the World,” FIW), the Bertelsmann Stiftung (“Bertelsmann Transformation Index,” BTI), the World Bank (“Worldwide Governance Indicators,” WGI), and the World Justice Project (“Rule of Law Index,” WJP RLI). After analyzing the strengths and weaknesses of these indices, we turn to the EU Justice Scoreboard (EUJS). While the introduction of the EUJS in 2013 has already been an important step in order to lay the ground for an EU-wide analysis, in this Article we suggest how the EUJS should be further developed into a proper rule of law index by aggregating expert opinions into a single number. This would make the EUJS a significantly more useful tool in the ongoing EU rule of law crisis.

scholarly journals Assessment of Corruption Level as a Component of Governance Indicator: International Experience and Russian Practices

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Bakhtairova ◽  
Alexandra Anganova
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
National Level ◽  
Governance Indicator ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Quality Of Governance ◽  
The Government

As corruptions is one of the most important problems in most modern states, its assessment forms an important part of integral governance indicator. Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI), a technique, worked out by The World Bank, is widely used in the international level. Since 2019 the technique “Methodology of Conducting Sociological Surveys for Corruption Assessment in the Constituent Entities of the Russian Federation” (further in the text — Methodology of the Russian Federation Government), adopted by the Government Decree of the Russian Federation, is used in the national level. The main purpose of the present research is to evaluate how the national methodology of corruption assessment reflects the quality of governance in this sphere. The research focuses on the main techniques for corruption assessment in different levels. The study analyses the main scientific statements for corruption assessment as a component of integral quality indicator of governance. Secondary data of corruption survey’s findings formed the information and empirical base of the research. The novelty of the study is in developing original author’s approach towards methodological aspects of comprehensive governance assessment. It was found that the national methodology is an alternative approach, characterizing the quality of governance in this sphere. The research revealed several drawbacks of the indicative methodology issued by the World Bank. The Methodology of the Russian Federation Government more appropriately reflects the corruption level and more accurately characterizes the governance quality in the sphere of fighting corruption in the regions of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals SUPPORT OF DEMOCRATIC POLITICAL SYSTEM BY SOCIETY AS A FACTOR OF GOVERNMENT EFFICIENCY

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Oleg Tkach ◽  
◽  
Anatoly Tkach ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Policy Formulation ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
World Bank Group ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Government Efficiency

The problem of the level of support for governments and leaders as a factor of inefficient governance is analyzed. The consequences affect the character of the regime and reduce the level of support for democratic systems. Efficiency of governments, support of economic growth, provision of quality medical care, fight against crime affect the attitude of the population to democracy. The level of satisfaction with democracy is determined by fluctuations in economic indicators, the level of crime. Support for democracy remains relatively immune to changes in government efficiency. When developing performance indicators, it is recommended to use the "rule of four C": clarity (clearness); completeness; complexity and consistency. Indicators must be specific, real and, most importantly, quantifiable. The Government Performance Index is an index developed by the World Bank Group that measures the quality of public services, civil service, policy formulation, policy implementation, and confidence in the government's commitment to improving or maintaining these qualities at a high level. The World Bank publishes an index of government effectiveness among the other five global indicators of governance: accountability, political stability, quality of regulation, rule of law and control of corruption. These indices are considered measurements of management. The Public Administration Efficiency Index uses forty-seven variables (quality of bureaucracy, infrastructure for distribution of goods and services) from thirty-two sources, Global Insight business conditions and risk indicators. These variables are then combined using a component model. As an indicator, the index of public administration efficiency does not allow to identify specific problems of the country, to analyze specific solutions, but it is a tool for comparing countries, to measure the trend of improvement in a particular mode. Government efficiency is correlated with life satisfaction, GDP per capita, and education expenditures, which promotes democratic development.

scholarly journals Corrupción política, transparencia y movimientos ciudadanos: una aproximación comparativa entre China y Japón

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuria Ruiz Morillas
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Political Corruption ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Xi Jinping ◽  
Transparency International ◽  
Governance Indicators ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Corruption Index ◽  
Per Capita

La corrupción política es uno de los temas que más preocupan al gobierno de Xi Jinping y a la sociedad china en general. En este artículo se analizan los efectos perjudiciales de la corrupción sobre determinadas variables sociales, económicas e institucionales. En primer lugar, se presenta el estado actual de la corrupción política en China y se exploran algunos movimientos sociales surgidos como respuesta a este fenómeno. Como indicadores de corrupción se han utilizado el índice de percepción de la corrupción (elaborado por Transparencia Internacional) y el índice de control de la corrupción (uno de los seis indicadores de gobernabilidad desarrollados por el Banco Mundial). A continuación, se ha extendido el estudio a Japón por tratarse de un país de contexto político y económico distinto al de China. A partir de los datos obtenidos, se ha realizado una aproximación comparativa del estado de la corrupción entre los dos países y se han estudiado las correlaciones de los indicadores anteriores con el grado de libertad (publicado por la Casa de la Libertad) y con el producto interior bruto per cápita (publicado por el Banco Mundial) en los últimos años. Political corruption is one of the most important issues for the Xi Jinping´s government and Chinese society in general. This article analyses the harmful effects of corruption on certain social, economic and institutional variables. First, it presents the current state of political corruption in China and it explores some social movements that have emerged in response to this phenomenon. The corruption perceptions index (prepared by Transparency International) and the control of corruption index (one of the six governance indicators developed by the World Bank) have been used as indicators of corruption. The study was then extended to Japan as a country with a different political and economic context than China. Based on the data obtained, a comparative analysis of the state of corruption between the two countries was carried out. We have studied the correlations of the previous indicators with the degree of freedom (published by Freedom House) and with the Gross Domestic Product per capita (published by the World Bank) in recent years. 

Public Administration in Central and Eastern Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanisław Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Quality Of Governance ◽  
Anglo American ◽  
The 2008 Financial Crisis ◽  
The Impact

In the early 1990s, the Central and Eastern European countries (CEE countries) saw the collapse of communist regimes and an unprecedented political and economic transformation that resulted in the establishment of democratic, law-governed states and market economies. Administrative reforms, which became an important milestone in this transformation, were considerably influenced both by administrative legacies predominant in the countries and by the Europeanization processes associated with their accession to the European Union. The administrative legacies, which combine elements of various traditions (e.g., German, Napoleonic, and Anglo-American) are still strongly affected by what is left of the communist era. Conversely, the impact of Europeanization processes on public administrations in CEE countries has proved to be much weaker than initially expected. The process of building a professional and apolitical civil service in CEE countries has been plagued by discontinuity and inconsistency, owing to the specific administrative culture of the region, the weakening pressure to modernize EU institutions, and the consequences of the 2008 financial crisis, as well as growing populist tendencies in the region. All these factors encouraged the belief that political control over public administration needs to be tightened in order for the effectiveness and quality of governance mechanisms to be improved. The quality of governance and public management varies widely across the CEE countries. What they have in common—at least to some extent—is the fairly high dynamics of change, including the reversal of the effects of previously implemented reforms. The latter factor may be interpreted as a search for country-specific reform paths, partly due to disappointment with the values and models prevailing in Western Europe, and somewhat as a consequence of growing populist tendencies in the region.

ASSESSMENT OF UKRAINE'S HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT IN WORLD RATINGS IN CONDITIONS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryna Nochka ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
World Economic Forum ◽  
Highly Qualified ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Capital Development ◽  
The University

The article is devoted to the analysis tools for assessing human capital based on world rankings in the context of sustainable development. The most famous world rankings of human capital, studied by such international organizations as the World Bank, the United Nations, the World Economic Forum, the University of Groningen in collaboration with the University of California at Davis and others, are considered. Quantifying human capital as the economic and social value of a skill set is measured through an index. Each organization makes measurements according to its own method. The application of different criteria and indicators for assessing human capital at the macroeconomic level is analyzed. The considered assessment methodologies are overwhelmingly based on statistical approaches. Analyzed the position of Ukraine in the world rankings in recent years in dynamics. It has been confirmed that these international ratings can be considered as a reflection of the state of human capital in Ukraine. Revealed quite high rating positions of Ukraine in comparison with other countries. The results allow us to conclude that there is insufficient government funding for the development of human capital. It is concluded that Ukraine needs to improve the quality of human capital as a leading factor in increasing the efficiency of the country's economy in the context of sustainable development. The study showed that the use of high-quality, highly qualified human capital leads to an improvement in the country's position in the world rankings.

scholarly journals On The Relation Between Regulation And Economic Growth

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Atul A. Dar ◽  
Sal AmirKhalkhali
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Governance Indicators ◽  
Regulatory Quality ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Quality Scale ◽  
Positive Growth ◽  
Accounting Model

This paper examines the relation between regulation and economic performance in the context of 23 developed economies. We apply a generalisation of the growth accounting model popularized by Solow to data over the 2002-2008 period. In the model, we assume that regulatory quality impacts on growth via its impact on total factor productivity growth. We look at three measures of regulatory quality, all of which are based on the set of governance indicators developed by the World Bank. The model is estimated using a fixed effects as well as a random effects estimation strategy. Our findings do lend support for the view that the better the quality of regulation, the higher rate of economic growth, but find no support for the view that the strength of the positive growth impact is stronger for countries that rank relatively lower on the regulatory quality scale.

scholarly journals RELAÇÃO ENTRE OS INDICADORES DE GOVERNANÇA DOS PAÍSES E O ÍNDICE DE DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Aguiar Filho ◽  
Marco Antônio Tomé ◽  
Adilson De Brito Farias ◽  
Celso Machado Machado Junior ◽  
Daielly Melina Nassif Mantovani Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Human Development ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Development Level ◽  
The World

O desenvolvimento humano dos países se trata de um tema em destaque que exige ações governamentais para a melhoria da qualidade de vida de seus cidadãos. O problema de dimensionar este desenvolvimento frente às ações de governo determina o objetivo de analisar a existência de correlação entre os indicadores de governança dos países calculados pelo Banco Mundial (WGI) com o índice de desenvolvimento humano calculado pela Organização das nações Unidas (IDH). Para investigar essa hipótese foram efetuadas análises de correlação entre o IDH e as seis dimensões de governança do WGI. Os resultados da pesquisa confirmam a existência de significativa correlação positiva entre o IDH e o WGI, estabelecendo assim o entendimento da complementariedade destes indicadores, e a possibilidade de sua utilização no estabelecimento de ações governamentais.Palavras-chave: Governança dos países. WGI. Desenvolvimento humano. IDH. Desenvolvimento sustentável.ABSTRACTThe human development level of the countries is a key issue that requires government actions to improve the quality of life of its citizens. The problem of dimensioning this development in relation to government actions determines the objective of analyzing the existence of a correlation between the indicators of governance of the countries calculated by the World Bank (WGI) and the human development index calculated by the United Nations (IDH). To investigate this hypothesis, correlation analyzes were performed between HDI and the six governance dimensions of WGI. The results of the research confirm the existence of a significant positive correlation between the HDI and the WGI, thus establishing the understanding of the complementarity of these indicators and the possibility of their use in the establishment of governmental actions.Keywords: Worldwide governance. WGI. Human development. HDI. Sustainable development.

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