scholarly journals Poverty and conflict in Thailand’s Deep South

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sawarai Boonyamanond ◽  
Papusson Chaiwat
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Deep South ◽  
Civil Unrest ◽  
Panel Regressions ◽  
Civil War Literature ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Conflict Intensity

Thailand’s so-called Deep South has experienced much deadly violence since the early 2000s. This article investigates its determining factors in the context of the larger civil unrest/civil war literature—work on Southeast Asia being sparse and work on Thailand almost non-existent. The focus is on 37 sub-provincial districts of four of Thailand’s 77 provinces covering the years from 2012 to 2019. Centering on descriptive statistics with additional panel regressions, it is found that reduced poverty incidence, increased educational attainment for males, and increased district-level per capita income are all associated with reduced conflict intensity (a smaller number of conflict-related deaths). In contrast, ethno-religious backgrounds and certain geographic features are not associated with either increases or decreases in conflict-related deaths.

MOTIVATING FACTORS OF REMITTANCES INFLOWS INTO DEVELOPING ASIAN ECONOMIES

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (04) ◽  
pp. 1550063 ◽  
Author(s):  
HRUSHIKESH MALLICK ◽  
MANTU KUMAR MAHALIK
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Household Consumption ◽  
Motivating Factors ◽  
Host Countries ◽  
Panel Regressions ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Interest Rate Differentials

Considering 11 major Asian migrant sending countries during 1975–2012, the study explores the factors that motivate migrants to remit their earnings to home countries. Using panel regressions, it finds that it is primarily the growth rate and interest rate differentials between the home and host, the household consumption and financial sector development at home along with per capita income of host countries which lead to remittances inflows. It concludes that it is not only the altruistic (or consumption) and higher interest income motives; but also the patriotic motives reflected from significant impact of past remittances, are crucial factors of such flows.

scholarly journals Probability of Paying Zakat from Micro financing Project Returns

ETIKONOMI ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarita Duasa ◽  
Nur Hidayah Zainal
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Convenience Sampling ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Low Educated

The study aims to investigate the probability of paying zakat among participants or recipients of micro-finance scheme of Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia. A survey is conducted on participants of Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia scheme using convenience sampling in Perak and Kelantan. Data from the survey are analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. The results show that higher probability of paying zakat among respondents determined by small household size, lower per capita income, higher education level and those living in Perak. Thus, efforts should be taken by zakat institutions to well develop good and efficient methods of zakat collection among the participants specifically among low educated and higher income/return of the projects.JEL Classification: C31, C83, D64, I39, G23How to Cite:Duasa, J., & Zainal, N. H. (2020). Probability of Paying Zakat from Micro Financing Project Return. Etikonomi: Jurnal Ekonomi, 19(2), xx – xx. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v19i2.15113.

The Efficacy of Democracy and Freedom in Fostering Economic Growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 76-93
Author(s):  
M. Adnan Kabir ◽  
Najib Alam
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Economic Freedom ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Personal Freedom ◽  
Panel Regressions ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Capita Income Growth

The relationship between democracy, freedom, and economic development has a multidisciplinary and diverse literature without a settled or concrete answer. Studies that attempt to validate this relationship have a cacophony of diametrically opposed narratives with a degree of dissonance that does not always articulate a complete understanding of the issue. This study attempts to contribute to the existing complex and ever-changing literature by empirically estimating whether democracy, personal and economic freedom affect economic growth. This paper empirically investigates 115 countries over the period 2006–2018 using panel regressions and found that the quality of democracy was significant in explaining the per capita income growth dynamics of a country. Economic freedom also has a statistically significant and positive relationship with per capita income progression. Personal freedom, on the other hand, is detrimental to growth in countries that have low levels of freedom but acts as a catalyst for growth when a society has reached a mature level of personal freedom. Other factors related to development entrapment such as income inequality, unemployment, and urbanization also have a significant impact on economic progression. In line with historical consensus, countries institutionally insulated from democracy fare worse economically than their democratic counterparts.

Beyond Zeroes and Ones

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Chaudoin ◽  
Zachary Peskowitz ◽  
Christopher Stanton
Keyword(s):  
Instrumental Variables ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
Empirical Models ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Civil Conflicts ◽  
Battle Deaths ◽  
Tremendous Amount ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Conflict Intensity

There is a tremendous amount of variation in conflict intensity both across and within civil conflicts. Some conflicts result in huge numbers of battle deaths, while others do not. Conflict intensity is also dynamic. Conflict intensity escalates, de-escalates, and persists. What explains this variation? We take one of the most prominent explanations for the onset and occurrence of civil conflict—variation in economic conditions—and apply it to the intensity and dynamics of civil conflict. Using an instrumental variables strategy and a rich set of empirical models, we find that the intensity of conflict is negatively related to per capita income. We also find that economic conditions affect conflict dynamics, as poorer countries are likely to experience longer and more intense spells of fighting after the onset of conflict.

The Problem of Agricultural Taxation in West Pakistan and an Alternative Solution: A Comment (Notes & Comments)

1973 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 433-437
Author(s):  
Sarfaraz Khan Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Capita Income ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Tax Rate ◽  
Water Rate ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Government

In the Summer 1973 issue of the Pakistan Development Review, Mr. Mohammad Ghaffar Chaudhry [1] has dealt with two very important issues relating to the intersectoral tax equity and the intrasectoral tax equity within the agricultural sector in Pakistan. Using a simple criterion for vertical tax equity that implies that the tax rate rises with per capita income such that the ratio of revenue to income rises at the same percentage rate as per capita income, Mr. Chaudhry found that the agricultural sector is overtaxed in Pakistan. Mr. Chaudhry further found that the land tax is a regressive levy with respect to the farm size. Both findings, if valid, have important policy implications. In this note we argue that the validity of the findings on intersectoral tax equity depends on the treatment of water rate as tax rather than the price of a service provided by the Government and on the shifting assumptions regard¬ing the indirect taxes on imports and domestic production levied by the Central Government. The relevance of the findings on the intrasectoral tax burden would have been more obvious if the tax liability was related to income from land per capita.

A Successful Population Policy: Potentials and Constraints (Distinguishedl Lecture)

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (4I) ◽  
pp. 411-431
Author(s):  
Hans-Rimbert Hemmer
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Access To Health Services ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Per Capita

The current rapid population growth in many developing countries is the result of an historical process in the course of which mortality rates have fallen significantly but birthrates have remained constant or fallen only slightly. Whereas, in industrial countries, the drop in mortality rates, triggered by improvements in nutrition and progress in medicine and hygiene, was a reaction to economic development, which ensured that despite the concomitant growth in population no economic difficulties arose (the gross national product (GNP) grew faster than the population so that per capita income (PCI) continued to rise), the drop in mortality rates to be observed in developing countries over the last 60 years has been the result of exogenous influences: to a large degree the developing countries have imported the advances made in industrial countries in the fields of medicine and hygiene. Thus, the drop in mortality rates has not been the product of economic development; rather, it has occurred in isolation from it, thereby leading to a rise in population unaccompanied by economic growth. Growth in GNP has not kept pace with population growth: as a result, per capita income in many developing countries has stagnated or fallen. Mortality rates in developing countries are still higher than those in industrial countries, but the gap is closing appreciably. Ultimately, this gap is not due to differences in medical or hygienic know-how but to economic bottlenecks (e.g. malnutrition, access to health services)

Income-Based Poverty among Non-Farm Households in Rural Punjab

2020 ◽  
pp. 204-210
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Farm Households ◽  
Farm Household ◽  
Expert Group ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
Service Category ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Per Capita

This paper focuses upon the magnitude of income-based poverty among non-farm households in rural Punjab. Based on the primary survey, a sample of 440 rural non-farm households were taken from 44 sampled villages located in all 22 districts of Punjab.The poverty was estimated on the basis of income level. For measuring poverty, various methods/criteria (Expert Group Criteria, World Bank Method and State Per Capita Income Criterion) were used. On the basis of Expert Group Income criterion, overall, less than one-third of the persons of rural non-farm household categories are observed to be poor. On the basis, 40 percent State Per Capita Income Criteria, around three-fourth of the persons of all rural non-farm household categories are falling underneath poverty line. Similarly, the occurrence of the poverty, on the basis of 50 percent State Per Capita Income Criteria, showed that nearly four-fifths of the persons are considered to be poor. As per World Bank’s $ 1.90 per day, overall, less than one-fifth of rural non-farm household persons are poor. Slightly, less than one-fourth of the persons are belonging to self-employment category, while, slightly, less than one-tenth falling in-service category. On the basis of $ 3.10 per day criteria, overall, less than two-fifth persons of all rural non-farm household categories were living below the poverty line.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document