scholarly journals One Hundred Rotten Fish in a Pit Historical and Archaeological Evidence of Seizure and Burial of Fish improper for sale in 15th-16th century city of Tourcoing, France

Archaeofauna ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 175-183
Author(s):  
TAREK OUESLATI HALMA ◽  
JOSÉ BARBIEUX
Keyword(s):  
16Th Century ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Total Length ◽  
The Common ◽  
The University ◽  
The City ◽  
Shed Light

The Main Square of the city of Tourcoing (France) underwent excavations in 1982. The dig revealed a shallow pit filled up with fish skeletons still bearing their scales. The excava- tor bulk sampled the entire filling of this AD 15th-16th century feature, and in 2016 the materials were sieved and analyzed in the zooarchaeology laboratory of the University of Lille. Over a hundred haddock skeletons, representing complete specimens between 35-71 cm (total length) were identified. The contemporaneous archives of the cities of Lille and Douai shed light on the common practice of the discard and burial of fish improper for sale and may provide an expla- nation to our unusual discovery. The paper describes how fish markets operated and the type of controls imposed upon fishmongers. Examples of violations to the rule, seizures and trials recorded in the local archives will be described.

Arthur Elijah Trueman, 1894-1956

1958 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 291-305 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Active Part ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Special Interests ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Interesting Paper ◽  
The Common ◽  
The University ◽  
The City

Arthur Elijah Trueman was born on 26 April 1894 at Nottingham. He was the son of Elijah Trueman and Thirza Gottee, who were both natives of Nottingham. He lived at various places near the borders of Nottingham which were always within easy reach of the country and he recorded that at an early age he was particularly interested in sketching from nature; this facility he retained throughout his life, many of his papers and books being illustrated by his own sketches and drawings. In later years, he was interested and adept in water-colours, especially landscapes, which gave pleasure to him and to his friends. In 1906, he gained a scholarship to High Pavement School, an old foundation established as a City Secondary School in Nottingham and he remained there for five years under the headmastership of Edwin Francis; before he left he had passed the Intermediate B.Sc. Examination of the University of London; it is indicative of his special interests at this time that he asked for a microscope as one of his prizes. The Field and Camera Club of the school exerted an important influence upon Trueman; he organized field excursions, and took an active part in exhibitions of natural history specimens. He also became secretary of the Nottingham branch of The Young Naturalists’' Association instituted by Percival Westall and visited other schools in the city on behalf of the Association. He took up the study of variation in the shell of the common banded snails, systematically collecting these shells and making careful distribution maps. This work resulted several years later in a short but interesting paper which is based upon a very large number of specimens. His interest in the variation in the form of shells and his assiduity in collecting them, which were to remain unabated throughout his life, were thus developed whilst he was a boy at school.

Arbitration and the Growth of Urban Liberties in Late Medieval England

1992 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine Attreed
Keyword(s):  
Fifteenth Century ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Financial Investments ◽  
The Common ◽  
Late Medieval England ◽  
The City ◽  
Shed Light

In December 1448, the city of Exeter agreed with the bishop and dean and chapter of the cathedral church to abide by the arbitration of two local magnates who settled a complex dispute over urban jurisdiction. That the arbitrators decided against the city, which suffered a slight constitutional setback as a result, is only one of several important conclusions to be drawn from a study of the dispute and its resolution. The nature of the argument and the procedures by which both parties sought to resolve it shed light on the character of urban constitutional growth in the later Middle Ages, on legal procedures and what medieval people thought about the law, and on the lengths they were willing to go to assure a decision that was as favorable as possible without poisoning relations between two institutions that coexisted within city walls. The case also illustrates the important role arbitration played in dispute settlement and reveals this method to be as viable an alternative as recourse to the common-law and equity courts of the royal government.Exeter's case is unique in that so much written evidence survives to testify to the financial investments and political aims of both parties involved. Comparisons will be drawn to other boroughs that endured similar jurisdictional disputes in the fifteenth century, but their evidence is far less revealing of decision and motivation than that remaining for Exeter. Although many of the major documents associated with the case have been in print for over a century, and examined in some detail in a brief monograph published over fifty years ago, the nature of the records has focused more attention on the city's participation than on that of the cathedral.

scholarly journals Akademia Lubrańskiego – chluba Poznania. W 500. rocznicę fundacji

1970 ◽  
pp. 201-213
Author(s):  
Michał Nowicki
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Experienced Teachers ◽  
Foreign Languages ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
New School ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The University ◽  
The City

1519 was a special year for the city of Poznań, owing to the foundation of a new school, the Lubrański Academy. It was the first school of humanities in Poland to follow the best models of Renaissance education and employed illustrious teachers like Krzysztof Hegendorfer and Benedykt Herbest. In the 16th century, the Academy was considered a rival of Krakow University; ultimately in the early 17th century, the Academy was affiliated with the University. As a result of the affiliation, the Poznań school enjoyed stability, a group of experienced teachers and a curriculum recognized by the society. The curriculum stood out in Poland by its inclusion of practical preparation for performing various political functions, especially in the field of law, and, as in other educational institutions, by preparing young people for cultural life in the country. Its relations with Krakow University also had drawbacks: during the Enlightenment reforms of the education system, the Lubrański Academy adopted a conservative and reactionary position. Despite this, the authorities managed to introduce several modern solutions, especially in the realm of teaching modern foreign languages.

Raymond Gairard and Romanesque Building Campaigns at Saint-Sernin in Toulouse

1978 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-91
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Lyman
Keyword(s):  
Brick Masonry ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Primary Documents ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Shed Light

A restoration nearing completion at Saint-Sernin in Toulouse has shed light on the building sequence and the role of St. Raymond Gairard, credited by 15th- and 16th-century vitae with completing the "corpus" up to the windows before his death. New evidence suggests that Raymond's "corpus" included the inception of an ambitiously conceived tower façade and vestibule left unfinished in an unsuccessful post-Raymondine campaign to vault the nave in solid brick masonry. The correlation of different masonry types and footings with architectural carving such as bases, moldings, and capital styles, as well as masons' marks leads to the further conclusion that the choir with crossing and transepts was completed in several major campaigns, the last two of which were undertaken after Raymond's nave walls. If the Vita Raimundi excludes Raymond from participation in a "capitis membrum" as historians have believed, it either errs or uses "corpus" to denote the entire crossing and the nave together and "capitis membrum" to denote the crypt wall with its surrounding ambulatory. Whichever the case, the date of 1118 given for Raymond's death in the necrology is not consonant with the archaeological evidence, including the probable date of the transept sculpture toward 1100. Raymond, in this view, would have been most active between 1080 and 1100, the period suggested by primary documents, when he designed the ambitious five-aisled nave and west tower façade, and adopted exposed alternating stone and brick masonry to complete the transepts. The sculpture of Bernardus Gelduinus and the Porte Miègeville Master may both testify to his last active years.

scholarly journals PRESERVING THE VENETIAN FORTRESS OF BERGAMO: QUICK PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SURVEY FOR CONSERVATION PLANNING

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W11 ◽  
pp. 873-879 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Mirabella Roberti ◽  
V. M. Nannei ◽  
P. Azzola ◽  
A. Cardaci
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Planning ◽  
Cultural Relevance ◽  
City Council ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
World Heritage List ◽  
The World ◽  
City Walls ◽  
The University ◽  
The City ◽  
Maintenance Plan

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The historical and cultural relevance of the City Walls built by the ‘Serenissima’ Republic of Venice in the second half of 16th century was recognized in 2017 by the insertion of Bergamo, together with other Venetian Fortresses in Italy, Croatia and Montenegro, in the World Heritage List of UNESCO as transnational site. In the framework of the nomination to the WHL, the City Council together with the University of Bergamo started a campaign of studies and surveys aimed to prepare a conservation planning. The goal of this plan is to assure a constant monitoring of this artwork, so that a strict routine of controls, cleaning and small strengthening works would prevent more relevant interventions, which could corrupt the material integrity of the building.</p><p>This paper delineates the methodological and operational workflow applied to the preparation of the maintenance plan, now in progress, for the Venetian City Walls of Bergamo, where the photogrammetric survey by means of UAV plays an important role. The different working phases, the adopted instrumentation, the difficulties encountered and the choices made are described, and some case studies are also illustrated that represent well the typical problems encountered for the conservation of the Walls.</p>

scholarly journals Biblioteka klasztoru paulinów w Oporowie w świetle zachowanych katalogów z XVIII wieku

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-145
Author(s):  
Edgar Sukiennik
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Intellectual Life ◽  
Common Life ◽  
The Common ◽  
Access To Books ◽  
The University ◽  
Intellectual Formation ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Limited Period ◽  
Do So

From the very beginning of its existence, the Pauline Order paid attention to the need to educate and develop the intellectual life of its members. This resulted from the adoption of St. Augustine’s rule by the community, which in addition to the principles governing the common life also emphasized the intellectual formation of the friars by providing them with access to books. The fulfilment of the obligations resulting from the rule and the subsequent legislation of the convent meant that every Pauline monastery was equipped with a larger or smaller library. It was no different in the case of St. Martin's convent in Oporów, which had existed since 1453 thanks to the foundation of the brothers Piotr and Władysław from the powerful Oporowski family, with the Sulima coat of arms. The monastery library was probably established soon after the foundation of the monastery. It was used primarily by preachers, who prepared Sunday and Christmas sermons, as well as by other monks, if they were authorized to do so. The beginnings of the library are unknown due to the lack of sources from that period. Only the eighteenth-century catalogues of books shed light on the functioning of the library, albeit in a limited period of time 1711-1753. To this day, 13 library inventories have survived, providing welcome information about the intellectual life of the local Pauline monks, titles of books along with the names of the authors and the division of bibliographic material into various thematic categories. The image of the Oporów library is complemented by 47 old prints of Oporów provenience, which are now the property of the University Library in Warsaw. Although their number is insignificant and constitutes only a fraction of the former assets of the library, nevertheless it turns out to be helpful in the analysis of the resources of the Pauline library and the development of intellectual horizons of its users. The analysis of the preserved archival materials is the first attempt to restore the library of the Oporów monastery in the century preceding its irretrievable disappearance in the course of the convent’s annulment.

scholarly journals WHEN UNIVERSITY GOES INTO THE CITY. RESEARCH ON THE NEEDS OF THE ROMANI LIVING IN WROCŁAW

2020 ◽  
pp. 87-98
Author(s):  
Иоанна Панчухин
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Literacy Skills ◽  
The Common ◽  
The University ◽  
Sociological Studies ◽  
The City ◽  
Negative Phenomena

В 2018 году Фонд «Дом мира» по заказу Вроцлавского муниципалитета пригласил сотрудников Вроцлавского университета (докторантов, экспертов, специалистов в области культурно-социологических исследований города, образования и культурной анимации) для проведения исследований о культурных и образовательных потребностях ромов, которые жили во Вроцлаве с 1990-х годов. Ромы являются экономическими мигрантами, которые не знают польского языка и обычно не имеют навыков грамотности. Более того, они часто не понимают правил, которые присущи современному капиталистическому обществу. В Румынии и других европейских странах политика в отношении ромского меньшинства сталкивалась с различными проблемами. Переселение в сочетании с попытками трансформировать традиционную культуру, нейтрализовать роль языка или навязать им изменения в образе жизни не принесло ожидаемых результатов. Как это ни парадоксально, действия, направленные на повышение продуктивности ромов и вовлечение их в развитие страны или общины, привели к усилению таких негативных явлений, как социальная маргинализация, безработица и бедность. Исследование было инициировано ликвидацией лагеря ромов во Вроцлаве. Вскоре дело стало политическим. Решение было оправданным на том основании, что город должен был защищать свой позитивный образ современного мегаполиса, в котором нет места для «диких» лагерей и пространственных конфликтов между соседями. В то же время мы должны помнить, что город создает возможности для налаживания диалога, который не обязательно должен ссылаться на общее благо жителей. Это также оставляет место для формирования оппозиции против национальных, этнических, расовых или религиозных концепций. Таким образом, город может восприниматься как лаборатория и школа демократии. В настоящее время ромы Вроцлава живутв дюжине мест по всему городу и в обществе города относятся к ним как к отдельным семьям. Такая ситуация означает значительные изменения в структуре, иерархии и социальной осведомленности сообщества. Статья концентрируется на исследованиях, проводимых представителями университета. Одной из задач исследователей в проекте было создание рекомендаций, касающихся социальной политики, социальной работы, культурной анимации и образования в области самобытности и интеграции ромской общины во Вроцлаве. Это означает, что исследователи, уполномоченные муниципалитетом Вроцлава, должны были предложить решения, которые могли бы быть реализованы для улучшения положения ромской общины. In 2018, the House of Peace Foundation, commissioned by the Municipality of Wrocław, invited employees of the University of Wrocław, PhD students, experts, specialists in the field of cultural and sociological studies of the city, education, and cultural animation to carry out research on cultural and educational needs of the Romani people who had been living in Wrocław since the 1990s. The Romani (also known as the Roma) are economic migrants who do not know Polish and usually have no literacy skills. Moreover, they often show no understanding of the rules that govern modern capitalist society. In Romania and other European countries, policy towards the Romani minority encountered various problems. Resettlements combined with attempts to transform traditional culture neutralize the role of language or impose lifestyle changes on the Romani did not bring the expected results. Paradoxically, actions aimed at increasing the productivity of the Roma and engaging them in the development of the country or community resulted in the intensification of such negative phenomena as social marginalization, unemployment, and poverty. The research was triggered by the liquidation of the Romani encampment in Wrocław. Soon the case became political. The decision was justified on the grounds that the city needed to protect its positive image of a modern metropolis which offers no room for “wild” encampments and spatial conflicts among neighbors. At the same time, we need to remember that the city creates opportunities for establishing a dialogue that does not have to necessarily refer to the common good of the residents. It also leaves room for forming an opposition against national, ethnic, racial, or religious concepts. The city may thus be perceived as a laboratory and school of democracy. Currently, the Romani of Wrocław live in a dozen locations throughout the city and are treated as individual families. Such a situation means a significant change in the structure, hierarchy, and social awareness of the community. The article is focused on the research conducted by the university representatives. One of the researchers’ tasks in the project was to create recommendations regarding social policy, social work, cultural animation, and education in the area of identity and integration of the Romanian Roma community in Wrocław. This means that the researchers commissioned by the Municipality of Wrocław were expected to propose solutions that could be implemented to improve the situation of the Romani community.

William Edward Curtis, 1889-1969

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 63-76
Keyword(s):  
Royal College ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Imperial College ◽  
Interest In Science ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Common ◽  
The University ◽  
The City ◽  
Newcastle Upon Tyne

William Edward Curtis was a Londoner by birth, but he spent much of his life in Newcastle upon Tyne, where he took a leading part in the educational life of the university and the city. He was born in Islington, North London, on 23 October 1889, and was the son of a gilder, of Horsham in Sussex. His mother, Emily Sarah ( née Haward) came from Ipswich. There is little evidence of interest in science on either side of the family, and indeed it seems that Curtis came to physics via astronomy. The drive and energy which in later life were among his most striking features seem to have been manifested to a marked degree in his mother, and in several uncles on his mother’s side, who were successful master founders. Curtis had one sister, Edith, five years older than himself. He had few young friends and read avidly and widely. At school he was outstanding, and made his way by scholarships from his primary school, Ecclesbourne Road, Islington, to Owen’s School, Islington, and thence to the Imperial College. At Owen’s he held a Drapers’ Scholarship and then an L.C.C. Intermediate Scholarship. He was a fine all-rounder, taking prizes in a wide range of subjects, and he excelled at several games, especially cricket. He was head boy in his last year at school and studied, mainly privately, for a National Scholarship in Science. A Royal Exhibition followed from the results of the Common Examination, and he entered Imperial College as a physics student in 1907, the year in which the old name, The Royal College of Science, was changed to the now more familiar one.

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