Populus nigra as a phytoremediator for Cd, Cu, and Pb in contaminated soil

The contamination of agricultural soil with heavy metals is a complex phenomenon that causes negative consequences for various organisms. Poplars may have considerable phytoremediation potential, and this plant species can tolerate Cd, Cu, and Pb up to 15.6, 63.6, and 173.3 mg kg-1 soil, respectively, with 100% survival. The analyzed data revealed significant reduction in vegetative growth traits and leaf N, P, K, and carbohydrate (%) and leaf green color degree. However, a simultaneously significant increase in enzymatic activities and electrolyte leakage were recorded in comparison to control plants. A bioconcentration factor of plant organs was ˂ 1, and the translocation factors (TF) of Cd and Cu were ˂ 1 ( ˂100%) under various concentrations of each heavy metal, while TF of Pb was ˃ 1(>100%), except for the first level. More Cd, Cu, and Pb contents were localized in roots compared to leaves or stems. Thus, the risk of contamination through leaf can be minimized. Populus nigra has defense mechanisms against Cd, Cu, and Pb up to 7.8, 29.8, and 91.1 mg/kg soil, respectively because the tolerance index (TI) of either biomass or root was >0.8. Finally, it is a good candidate for research of phytoremediation and phytoextraction.

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Inbreeding Depression in the Full-sib Offspring of Populus nigra L.

Silvae Genetica ◽

10.1515/sg-2008-0031 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 57 (1-6) ◽

pp. 202-210 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

V. Benetka ◽

M. Pospíšková ◽

F. Vrátný ◽

M. Tkaczyková

Keyword(s):

Inbreeding Depression ◽

Microsatellite Loci ◽

Growth Traits ◽

Populus Nigra ◽

Height Increment ◽

Open Pollination ◽

Trunk Diameter ◽

Controlled Pollination ◽

Male Tree ◽

Three Sisters

Abstract Controlled pollination was carried out in the species Populus nigra L. in a greenhouse on isolated branches between sisters and a brother - inbreeding (S x B). Female trees (sisters) were also exposed to open pollination (OP) in the neighbourhood of a male tree (brother) and other Populus nigra trees in the vicinity. The analysis of 11 microsatellites was done in the offspring from the inbreeding (S x B) and from the OP. In OP offspring was found 20-76% of viable individuals that were coming from pollination with brother’s pollen (spontaneous inbreeding). These individuals were separated from the offspring. In a randomised field trial the offspring were evaluated for two years. Fitness decreased in S x B offspring, traits of plant height, trunk diameter, height increment and resistance to Melampsora larici-populina Kleb. were lower in comparison with those of OP offspring. A coefficient of inbreeding depression (δ) ranged from 0.373 to 0.034. The significance of differences between the offspring from S x B and OP of the particular sisters was proved. About 30% of homozygous microsatellite loci were identified in inbred S x B offspring, which was more than in OP offspring. This difference was significant in the offspring of three sisters; it was not significant in the offspring of one sister. This trend corresponded to the results of growth traits.

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Bioaccumulation of Lead by Pepper Elder (Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth) in a Lead-Contaminated Hydroponic System

Environment and Natural Resources Journal ◽

10.32526/ennrj/19/2021010 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 282-291

Author(s):

Jessica O. Tablang ◽

◽

Florenda B. Temanel ◽

Ron Patrick C. Campos ◽

Helen C. Ramos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Absorptive Capacity ◽

Growth Response ◽

Bioconcentration Factor ◽

Translocation Factor ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Ecological Impacts ◽

Tolerance Index ◽

Hydroponic System ◽

Total Dry Weight

Lead (Pb) has become one of the most common heavy metal contaminants, demanding research on economical remediation approaches with minimal ecological impacts. Pepper elder (Peperomia pellucida) is a fast-growing plant that can be a candidate for bioaccumulation and phytoremediation. In this study, the lead bioaccumulation of P. pellucida was assessed by determining the growth response and absorptive capacity of the plant. Plants were grown in hydroponic solution spiked with 500 mg/L of Pb for 28 days. Growth response, absorptive capacity and tolerance of plants grown in contaminated nutrient solution were determined in comparison with control plants. After 28 days of exposure, lead phytotoxicity symptoms such as wilting, chlorosis and necrosis were observed on some plants. The control plants recorded 3.08 g total dry weight (DW) compared to the 1.35 g in Pb-contaminated plants. The tolerance index (TI) of P. pellucida was at 43.40%. The plants were able to absorb lead, with the concentration of lead in the roots (158.6 µg/g) being greater than the concentration of the metal in the shoots (43.2 µg/g). Meanwhile, bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF) values were recorded at 0.40 and 0.27, respectively. BCF criterion indicates that the plant is not suitable for phytoextraction, but TF value shows that the plant can be a potential excluder. The findings of the study show that P. pellucida accumulated considerable amount of lead within its tissues, indicating that the plants may be further exploited for their capacity to absorb heavy metals by tweaking several factors that may affect its bioaccumulation ability.

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Social Network Analysis of Agonistic Behaviour and Its Association with Economically Important Traits in Pigs

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani10112123 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 2123

Author(s):

Saif Agha ◽

Emma Fàbrega ◽

Raquel Quintanilla ◽

Juan Pablo Sánchez

Keyword(s):

Social Network ◽

Social Network Analysis ◽

Network Analysis ◽

Growth Traits ◽

Social Rank ◽

Growth Patterns ◽

Behaviour Pattern ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Daily Feeding ◽

The Social

Aggression behaviour has several negative consequences on the performance and welfare of pigs. Here, the Social Network Analysis (SNA) approach was employed to (1) identify individual traits that describe the role of each animal in the aggression; (2) investigate the association of these traits with performance and feeding behaviour traits. The study was conducted on 326 Duroc pigs reared in 29 pens. Several individual centrality traits were identified and used to calculate the Social Rank Index. The Dominant, Subordinate, and Isolated animals represented 21.1%, 57.5% and 21.4%, respectively. No significant correlations were observed between out-degree (number of initiated agonistic behaviours) and growth traits, indicating the similarity of growth patterns for dominant and non-dominant animals. Furthermore, out-degree was correlated positively with average daily occupation time (time at the feeder/day) and average daily feeding frequency (number of visits to the feeder/day) but negatively with average daily feeding rate (gr/min). This may indicate the ability of non-dominant pigs to modify their behaviour to obtain their requirements. The Hamming distances between networks showed that there is no common behaviour pattern between pens. In conclusion, SNA showed the potential for extracting behaviour traits that could be used to improve pig performance and welfare.

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Phytoextraction of Lead: Its Feasibility, Constraints and Concerns

Asian Soil Research Journal ◽

10.9734/asrj/2021/v5i430113 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Kuok Ho Daniel Tang

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Contaminated Soil ◽

Soil Amendment ◽

Bioconcentration Factor ◽

Translocation Factor ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Soil Contaminants ◽

Feasibility Constraints ◽

Risk Of Exposure ◽

Translocation Factors

Aims: With lead being one of the most common soil contaminants and phytoextraction has been reported as a prospective method for remediation of lead-contaminated soil, this review aims to examine the feasibility of lead phytoextraction as well as its constraints and concerns. Study Design: This is a literature review. Methodology: Peer-reviewed papers were sourced from scholarly databases. The papers included in the review were mainly those about phytoextraction of lead, particularly with the shoot, soil and root concentrations of lead mentioned as well as the bioconcentration and translocation factors stated. Besides, papers discussing the limits, for instance, the duration of lead phytoextraction, and concerns of the approach were also included. Results: This review found only 11 plants have been reported to accumulate lead in shoots at nominal threshold of near or above 1,000 mg Pb/kg dry weight and in certain cases, soil amendment was required to achieve this. Only two of the plants had bioconcentration factor > 1 and another two had translocation factor > 1. None of the plants fulfilled all three criteria of a successful hyperaccumulator, indicating the constraints and a lack of feasibility of lead phytoextraction. Besides, lead phytoextraction has been predicted to require significant amount of time, hence increasing the risk of exposure to lead. Conclusion: This review highlights that lead phytoextraction may not be feasible for the remediation of lead-contaminated soil. It recommends phytostabilization as a more viable alternative to immobilize lead in rhizosphere and reduce lead exposure.

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Avaliação do potencial fitorremediador de crisântemo em solo com excesso de cobre

Ornamental Horticulture ◽

10.14295/oh.v23i1.915 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 63 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Janine Farias Menegaes ◽

Fernanda Alice Antonello Londero Backes ◽

Rogério Antonio Bellé ◽

Alexandre Swarowsky ◽

Rodrigo Fernando dos Santos Salazar

Keyword(s):

Aerial Part ◽

Bioconcentration Factor ◽

Metal Extraction ◽

High Accumulation ◽

Aesthetic Quality ◽

Randomized Experimental Design ◽

Identification Of Species ◽

And Control ◽

Translocation Factors ◽

Harmful Effects

Minimizing the harmful effects of copper (Cu) in the soil, using plants are slow and gradual, requiring the identification of species with fitorremediativa fitness for this process. Thus, the present work had as objective to evaluate the cultivation of chrysanthemum cv. Dark Fiji in soil added with Cu as promising phytoremediation. The experiment was conducted in the period from July to December 2014, in the greenhouse of the Floriculture UFSM. In a completely randomized experimental design, with five treatments composed of doses of Cu added to the soil, in the amounts of 250, 500, 750 and 1,000 mg kg-1 and control (without addition), with five replications. In two crop cycles both with duration of 104 days from the production of seedlings to harvest. Chrysanthemum cuttings were obtained from cuttings collected in the garden clonal itself, with 8 cm long, rooted in commercial substrate and transplanted into containers containing soil. They evaluated phytotechnical parameters and translocation factors of aerial part of bioaccumulation and bioconcentration factor of Cu in plant roots and metal extraction rate. It was observed that at all doses of Cu added to the soil, the plants showed low plant development and floriferous affecting its aesthetic quality in both crop cycles. The high accumulation of Cu in the roots is indicative of growing tolerance, cv. Dark Fiji in areas with excess of this, with phytoremediation potential.

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Uptake-related parameters as indices of phytoremediation potential

Biologia ◽

10.2478/s11756-010-0106-7 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 65 (6) ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Hema Diwan ◽

Altaf Ahmad ◽

Muhammad Iqbal

Keyword(s):

Bioconcentration Factor ◽

Indian Mustard ◽

Significant Decline ◽

Alternative Agriculture ◽

Tolerance Index ◽

Time Period ◽

Consistent Increase ◽

Tolerance Indices ◽

Translocation Index

AbstractPhytoremediation is emerging as an alternative agriculture-based technology because remediation of metalpolluted sites can be brought about utilizing the ability of plants to uptake and store contaminants in them. A field study was conducted to assess the role of Indian mustard in phytoremediation of chromium-contaminated substrata. Uptake parameters, namely, bio-concentration factor, translocation index, Cr distribution within plant, and tolerance index were used in determining the remediation potential of the crop. A significant increase in Cr accumulation (0.64–4.19 mg g−1 DW, stem; and 0.77–1.1 mg Cr g−1 DW, root), coupled with high tolerance indices, was observed in response to Cr stress, thus showing that Indian mustard is a potential hyperaccumulator. Movement and subsequent distribution of metal ions in the plant were assessed by studying the translocation index which showed a consistent increase (27–87% at T5) with time, and bioconcentration factor, where also an increase over a time period was observed in stem (1.3–11.4, T1) and root (1.96–5.56, T1), thereby, depicting the strong ability of Indian mustard for phytoextraction. A significant decline, however, was observed in the bioconcentration factor with increase in the dose of Cr application.

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The effect of silicon (Si) on the growth and nutritional status of Schizolobium amazonicum seedlings subjected to zinc toxicity

Australian Journal of Crop Science ◽

10.21475/ajcs.20.14.02.p2565 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 325-332

Author(s):

Gerson Diego Pamplona Albuquerque ◽

Bruno Lemos Batista ◽

André Leandro Maia de Souza ◽

Ana Ecidia de Araújo Brito ◽

Vitor Resende Nascimento ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Nutrient Solution ◽

Native Species ◽

Essential Element ◽

Zinc Toxicity ◽

Tolerance Index ◽

Plant Tolerance ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Zinc Levels ◽

Translocation Factors

Zinc is an essential element to plants. However, excessive zinc levels can severely damage them. Schizolobium amazonicum is an Amazon native species that presents desirable features to remediate environments contaminated with heavy metals. Silicon has the beneficial effect of reducing the toxicity of different contaminants. The aim of the current study is to investigate the effect of Si on the growth and nutritional status of S. amazonicum seedlings subjected to zinc toxicity. The study followed a completely randomized design at 4 x 2 factorial arrangement based on four zinc (1, 150, 300 and 600 μM) and two silicon (0 and 1.5 mM) concentrations with five repetitions for 30 days. Increasing Zn concentrations in the nutrient solution reduced the growth of the plant and Ca, P, Mg, Fe, Mn and Cu contents in plant tissues, increased S concentrations and led to higher toxicity in the roots than shoot of S. amazonicum plants. Si addition to the nutrient solution increased plant growth and the absorption of the evaluated macro and micronutrients. Si increased plant tolerance level from 42.8 to 41.3% at 600 µM Zn, which suggested that this element mitigated the phytotoxic effects of the excess of zinc. Based on the tolerance index, the species presented medium and high tolerance to the evaluated zinc doses. Bioconcentration and translocation factors have indicated the low Zn-phytoextraction capacity of S. amazonicum and suggested that the species may be promising for Zn phytostabilization purposes.

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Effect of Melampsora larici-populina on growthand biomass yield of eight clones of Populus nigra

Journal of Forest Science ◽

10.17221/51/2010-jfs ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 57 (No. 2) ◽

pp. 41-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

V. Benetka ◽

K. Černý ◽

P. Pilařová ◽

K. Kozlíková

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Biomass Yield ◽

Growth Traits ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Populus Nigra ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Dry Matter Yield ◽

Pathogenic Races ◽

The Given

This study evaluates the effect of the identified pathogenic races E1, E2 and E3 of the leaf rust Melampsora larici-populina on some growth traits and biomass yield in the species Populus nigra. A field trial was conducted with 8 clones of P. nigra using fungicide-sprayed and unsprayed treatments in 3 replications of 4 plants. In the course of three years the occurrence of the rust was evaluated on a six-point scale. The plant height and stem diameter were measured during the trial. In the last year the plants were harvested and the dry weight was determined. In the untreated plants a significant negative correlation was found between the intensity of rust occurrence and the values of stem diameter and dry matter yield (P < 0.05). A decline in dry matter yield caused by the rust was low (below 9%) or zero in a half of the clones while it ranged between 19% and 28% in the other half of clones. In some clones the yield decline was relatively low although the expression of rust symptoms was rather high which could be attributed to a tolerance to the given pathogen.

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Culturable Yeasts as Biofertilizers and Biopesticides for a Sustainable Agriculture: A Comprehensive Review

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10050822 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 822

Author(s):

María Hernández-Fernández ◽

Gustavo Cordero-Bueso ◽

Marina Ruiz-Muñoz ◽

Jesús M. Cantoral

Keyword(s):

Defense Mechanisms ◽

Crop Production ◽

Agricultural Practices ◽

Herbicidal Activity ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Agricultural Method ◽

Promote Plant Growth ◽

Sustainable Agricultural Practices ◽

High Antifungal Activity

The extensive use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides has negative consequences in terms of soil microbial biodiversity and environmental contamination. Faced with this growing concern, a proposed alternative agricultural method is the use of microorganisms as biofertilizers. Many works have been focused on bacteria, but the limited literature on yeasts and their potential ability to safely promote plant growth is gaining particular attention in recent years. Thus, the objective of this review is to highlight the application of yeasts as biological agents in different sectors of sustainable agricultural practices through direct or indirect mechanisms of action. Direct mechanisms include the ability of yeasts to provide soluble nutrients to plants, produce organic acids and phytohormones (indole-3-acetic acid). Indirect mechanisms involve the ability for yeasts to act as biocontrol agents through their high antifungal activity and lower insecticidal and herbicidal activity, and as soil bioremediating agents. They also act as protective agents against extreme environmental factors by activating defense mechanisms. It is evident that all the aspects that yeasts offer could be useful in the creation of quality biofertilizers and biopesticides. Hence, extensive research on yeasts could be promising and potentially provide an environmentally friendly solution to the increased crop production that will be required with a growing population.

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Genetic variation of leaf traits related to productivity in a Populus deltoides × Populus nigra family

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x05-245 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 390-400 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Nicolas Marron ◽

Reinhart Ceulemans

Keyword(s):

Genetic Variation ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Populus Deltoides ◽

Growth Traits ◽

Volume Growth ◽

Leaf Traits ◽

Populus Nigra ◽

Hybrid Vigor ◽

Stem Volume ◽

Individual Leaf

In breeding and selection, two of the main goals of hybridization are to combine favourable traits from different species and to obtain high hybrid vigor (or heterosis). The objectives of our study were (1) to determine which leaf traits are most closely linked to growth in a cross between Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marsh. and Populus nigra L. and (2) to estimate the relevance of this cross for selection of highly productive genotypes. To achieve these objectives, 26 poplar F1 hybrids and their parents were studied during their second growing season in central France. Tree growth (i.e., growth rates of stem height, circumference, and volume) was monitored during 1 month, and leaf traits (i.e., increases in number of leaves, maximum individual leaf area, specific leaf area, petiole length, and dry mass, leaf carbon and nitrogen contents, and internode length) were estimated at the end of the 1-month period. Growth traits were tightly correlated to most of the leaf traits. More precisely, it appeared that stem volume growth rate can be decomposed into two single leaf characteristics: maximum individual leaf area and leaf increment rate. All traits showed moderate values of broad-sense heritability. Heterosis as well as coefficients of genetic variation were also modest.

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