scholarly journals Efficacy of Different Forms of Green Manure Crops to Reduce Verticillium dahliae in Different Soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 191-205
Author(s):  
Swann Dalbard ◽  
Vincent V. Michel
Keyword(s):  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Glucosinolate Content ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Green Manure Crops ◽  
Different Soils

The efficacy of green manure crops to reduce the number of Verticillium dahliae microsclerotia in different soils was investigated. Green manures tested were Indian mustard with a high glucosinolate content and sorghum-sudangrass as biocidal plants, and Indian mustard with a low glucosinolate content and rye as non-biocidal plants. The green manure plants were applied in fresh, dried, and ensilaged form. When applied as fresh plants, the glucosinolate content determining the biocidal activity of Indian mustard was only important in loam soil but not in sandy loam soil. In the latter soil, the non-biocidal rye had significantly higher efficacy than the Indian mustard. Volatiles released by fresh and dried, but not ensilaged, Indian mustard with a high glucosinolate content strongly decreased the number of living V. dahliae microsclerotia. When the same green manure crops were added to sandy loam and clay loam soil, the effect of the high glucosinolate content Indian mustard in fresh and dried form disappeared, whereas the ensilaged green manure crops had the highest efficacy. This effect was based on the increase of the soil microbial activity and the Streptomyces population size, which were negatively correlated with the number of living V. dahliae microsclerotia in the soil.

scholarly journals Application of Two Microbial Teas Did Not Affect Collard or Spinach Yield

HortScience ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon J.B. Knewtson ◽  
Jason J. Griffin ◽  
Edward E. Carey
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Nutrient Additions ◽  
Fertility Treatments ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Collard Green

Microbial tea from a commercial source and a homemade manure tea were evaluated for 2 years under organic and conventional fertility regimens. Testing with different fertility regimens allowed broader assessment of tea efficacy. Collard green (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala cv. Top Bunch) yield and soil microbial activity were measured after microbial tea applications were made in three fertility treatments (conventional, organic, or no fertilizer amendment) on a previously unfertilized sandy loam soil. Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L. cv. Hellcat) and collard green yields were determined after commercial microbial tea application to a silt loam soil previously managed with organic or conventional vegetable crops in open fields and under high tunnels. Results indicated that nutrient additions influenced crop yields, even doubling yield. This demonstrated that improved nutrient availability would affect yield at the chosen locations. However, microbial tea applications did not affect crop yield. These results did not support the hypothesis that microbial tea improves plant nutrient uptake. Additionally, soil microbial respiration and biomass were unaffected after two or three tea applications.

scholarly journals Changes in soil microbial respiration and physicochemical properties following bonny light crude oil contamination of sandy loam soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-163
Author(s):  
C.N. Eze ◽  
P.I. Orjiakor ◽  
U.J. Ebeifenadi
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Microbial Respiration ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Oil Contamination ◽  
Light Crude Oil ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Crude Oil Contamination ◽  
Loam Soil

This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of Bonny light crude oil contamination of sandy loam soil on aspects of microbial metabolism and physicochemical properties of the soil. Bonny light crude oil (specific gravity = 0.81) was used at eight different levels (0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, 10.0%, 15.0% or 20.0% v/w of soil) for the controlled pollution of pristine soil samples, each weighing 1 kg. The experiment lasted for eightweeks. Results of the effects of crude oil on the physicochemical properties of the soil showed that high levels of the oil significantly (p< 0.05) increased soil organic matter but had no significant effect on the pH and moisture content. With the exception of organic carbon, the levels of bioavailable nitrogen, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulphur and phosphorus in the test samples with higher levels of crude oil (5.0%, 10.0%, 15.0% and 20.0%) were significantly reduced when compared to their levels in the controls. Similarly, higher levels of the oil significantly (p<0.05) reduced soil microbial phospholipid synthesis and CO emission. 2 Correlation analysis using the Pearson's correlation model showed a positive correlation between soil CO and 2 phospholipid (r = 0.74). Keywords: Contamination, Crude oil, Microbial respiration, Physicochemical properties.

Effect of Sulphur Fertilization on Yield, Sulphur Uptake and Oil Content in Indian Mustard under Sandy Loam Soil of Eastern Uttar Pradesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Somendra Nath ◽  
S K Kannaujiya ◽  
Sandeep Kumar ◽  
S P Sonkar ◽  
A D Gautam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Eastern Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Sulphur Uptake

Effect of silver nano-particles on soil microbial growth, activity and community diversity in a sandy loam soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 220 ◽  
pp. 504-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.D. Samarajeewa ◽  
J.R. Velicogna ◽  
J.I. Princz ◽  
R.M. Subasinghe ◽  
R.P. Scroggins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Growth Activity ◽  
Loam Soil

Alleviatory Effect of Compost Amendments of Crude Oil Impacted Soil on the Neutraceutical Composition of Cucurbita maxima Duch

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
Okon G. Okon ◽  
J.E. Okon ◽  
G.D.O. Eneh
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
Polluted Soils ◽  
Crude Oil Pollution ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Loam Soil

The effect crude oil pollution and amendment treatments using decomposed green manure (Calopogonium muconoidesDesvaux andAspilia africana(Person) C.D.Adams) on the growth and neutraceutical (minerals, proximate and vitamins A and C) ofCucurbita maximawere studied. Crude oil polluted soils were obtained by mixing thoroughly 10 kg of sandy-loam soil with 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 ml of crude oil, 0 ml served as control. The amendment treatment with green manure ofC. muconoidesandA. africanawas carried out by adding the different levels of crude oil polluted soils (10 – 50 ml) with 4 kg of the compost manure. The experimental work was carried out in the green house using plastic buckets. Measurement of selected growth parameters such as percentage germination, vine length, leaf area, internode length, leaf number and petiole length was carried out after nine (9) weeks. The results indicated that crude oil pollution significantly (p=0.05) reduced the growth parameters ofC. maxima. Mineral content, proximate composition and vitamin A and C contents ofC. maximaalso showed pronounced reduction with increase in crude oil concentration. The addition of amendment treatment with green manure ofC. muconoidesandA. africanato ameliorate the impeding condition in the crude oil polluted soil significantly (p=0.05) improved the growth parameters and neutraceutical composition ofC. maximawhen compared to the pollution treatment. This study revealed that crude oil pollution negatively affected the growth and neutraceutical composition and generally the productivity ofC. maxima. From this study, it is evident thatC. muconoidesandA. africanaenhanced the growth and quality ofC. maxima.Therefore,C. muconoidesandA. africanashould be used for effective and efficient bioremediation practices.

scholarly journals Effect of Animal Waste Based Digestate Fertilization on Soil Microbial Activities, Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Spring Wheat Productivity in Loam and Sandy Loam Soil

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1281
Author(s):  
Modupe Olufemi Doyeni ◽  
Ausra Baksinskaite ◽  
Skaidre Suproniene ◽  
Vita Tilvikiene
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Microbial Activities ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Loam Soil

The increasing quantities of organic residues are becoming one of the most important problems for climate change mitigation. Sustainable utilization technologies are required to minimize the effect of recycling on the environment. Nevertheless, treated residues should be part of the circular bioeconomy. One of the most promising processes is the biogas system, with the final products biogas and digestate, which contain valuable nutrients and are therefore suitable as agricultural fertilizers. However, there is lack of research data on the effectiveness of digestate on environmental factors including soil quality as well as crop productivity and quality. In this study, we compare the roles of different digestates (chicken manure digestate, cow manure digestate, and pig manure digestate) on spring wheat productivity, soil microbial activities, and greenhouse gas emissions in loam and sandy loam soil under controlled climate conditions. The liquid digestate applied was equivalent to 170 kg N ha−1 of total N presented. Overall, results showed that the two soil types responded differently to the addition of the digestates, and the benefits depended on soil characteristics as well as on the type of the digestate applied. There was a higher effect on soil microbial activity in sandy loam soil compared to that of loam soil. Chicken manure digestate had the highest value of dehydrogenase activity and soil microbial biomass C of 9.23 µg TPFg−1 h−1 and 175.6 µg g−1 across the two soil types. CO2 and N2O emissions were moderately higher in loam soil when compared to that of sandy loam soil. The highest CO2 peak emission at 0.0107 µg ha−1 h−1 occurred in pig manure digestate in the sandy loam soil, and regular peak patterns observed in loam soil fertilized with pig digestate manure. Chicken manure digestate had the highest peak emissions across both soil types at 0.007950 mg ha−1 h−1 and 0.5667 mg ha−1 h−1 in the loam and sandy loam soil, respectively. The biomass yield varied across the soil types irrespective of the digestate applied. The agricultural benefits of digestates in different receiving soil ecosystems supplying essential nutrients for crop productivity, coupled with its environmental benefits, makes it an encouraging prospect in temperate climate zones.

scholarly journals A framework for refining soil microbial indices as bioindicators during decomposition of various organic residues in a sandy loam soil

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 700-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Sharma ◽  
Jatinder Kaur ◽  
H. S. Thind ◽  
Yadvinder Singh ◽  
Neha Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Biochemical Composition ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Microbial Indices ◽  
Amended Soil

Assessment of soil quality is an invaluable tool in determining the sustainability and environmental impact of agricultural ecosystems. Soil microbial indices like microbial biomass and microbial activity are important criteria for the determination of soil quality. Laboratory incubation study was undertaken to examine the influence of eight crop residues widely varying in biochemical composition on the periodic changes in important soil microbial indices {(microbial (Cmic: Corg), metabolic (qCO2), carbon mineralization (qC) and microbial biomass change rate (qM) quotients)} at 28 days and 63 days after incubation (DAI) in a sandy loam soil. A. sativa amended soil showed maximum soil respiration rate (14.23 mg CO2-C g-1 soil day-1) whereas T. aestivum amended soil showed maximum microbial biomass C (790 µg/g). The metabolic quotient among different crop residues ranged from 11.1 to 19.8 μg CO2-C μg-biomass-C-1 h-1 at 63 DAI. The results indicate that incorporation of different crop residues has positive effect on microbial flora and their activity. Microbial quotient (Cmic:Corg) was significantly positively correlated with microbial biomass carbon (MBC), qC and qM. The study suggests that the biochemical composition of different crop residues seems to be of better option for long term sustainable crop production with maintenance of soil quality in a sandy loam soil.

scholarly journals MACHINE FOR SEEDER CROPS

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 80-84
Author(s):  
Marat Kalimullin ◽  
Rinat Abdrakhmanov ◽  
Radik Ziatdinov ◽  
Marat Salimzyanov ◽  
Ilshat Mukhametshin
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Organic Mass ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Depth Of Processing ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Green Manure Crops ◽  
Different Soils

Recently many agricultural producers have begun to take care of environmental aspects and are gradually switching to the use of organic farming elements in the cultivation of agricultural crops, which include green fertilizers - siderates. Many experts recommend cutting the green mass of green manure crops with a mower and embedding it in the surface layer of the soil as mulch. However, not all termination methods are equally effective. In particular, when passing through a field with a rotary harrow’s green manure, the circular knives have to simultaneously perform two functions: chop and embed the vegetative mass of plants, which negatively affects the depth of processing. Therefore, the goal of our research is to develop a combined unit for mowing, crushing and embedding green mass of green manure crops into the soil. To achieve this, it is proposed to attach a plant chopper to the front of the tractor, which will mow and chop the plants, and two discator batteries installed on the rear hitch of the tractor will close the chopped organic mass. To determine the efficiency of using the proposed combined unit in different regions of the Republic of Tatarstan on different soils, comparative field tests were carried out, which consisted in determining the completeness of incorporation of green mass. The value of this indicator without using the mower on the front hitch was 65%, and with mowing and chopping - 95%, this is 1.5 times more than in the version with the compared unit, which should favorably affect the decomposition of the embedded organic matter

Performance Indices of a Combined Tillage Machine for the Incorporation of Leguminous Green Manure at Appropriate Depth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aseem Verma ◽  
Rohinish Khurana ◽  
Anoop Dixit
Keyword(s):  
Decomposition Rate ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Surface Profile ◽  
Depth Range ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Plant Stem ◽  
Productive Zone ◽  
Different Levels

Background: The decomposition rate of biomass depends significantly on soil properties and on the design of the machine used for incorporation. Well-chopped biomass, incorporated in a productive zone with uniform mixing, gives better results instead of placing longer stalks on or near the field surface. Methods: In the field experiments conducted during 2017 and 2018, interaction of soil and biomass, placed at various depths in sandy loam soil, was studied 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 90 days after incorporation (DAI). Further, mechanical incorporation of green manure crop with innovative two-bottom combined tillage machine, namely biomass incorporator, was studied at different levels of soil type, plant height, forward speed and rotor speed.Result: The depth range of 70-140 mm was found most appropriate for incorporation to achieve a higher decomposition rate. Plant stem of 50 days old dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata) crop decomposed by 13.0, 31.5, 29.25, 24.25 and 22.05% at depth range 0-70 (D1), 70-140 (D2), 140-210 (D3), 210-280 (D4) and 280-350 (D5) mm, respectively 10 DAI. About 55% of the biomass, incorporated at depth range D2, got decomposed 40 DAI. The average depth of placement of biomass with biomass incorporator ranged between 92 and 131 mm. The soil pulverization index and crop mixing index with the machine varied from 3.58 to 30.65 mm and 93.62 to 98.05%, respectively. The surface profile coefficient with the machine ranged between 24.2 and 50.6 mm. The efficient mixing of the biomass into the soil with thorough coverage of pulverized soil was achieved with rational field undulation.

scholarly journals The Chemical Composition of Biogas Digestates Determines Their Effect on Soil Microbial Activity

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Nielsen ◽  
Christina-Luise Roß ◽  
Marieke Hoffmann ◽  
Andreas Muskolus ◽  
Frank Ellmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Microbial Activity ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Carbon Mineralization ◽  
Soil Microbial Activity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Different Soils

Digestates are commonly used as organic inputs in agriculture. This study aimed to answer four questions: (1) What are the immediate and longer-term impacts of digestates on soil microbial activity?; (2) How much of the digestates’ carbon is mineralized within the first months? (3) How do the nitrogen, lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose contents of digestates influence microbial activity and carbon mineralization? (4) How does the soil type influence mineralization? To investigate this, dehydrogenase activity (DHA) was measured in a field trial and in laboratory experiments with five digestates (DGs), cattle slurry, and cattle manure. DHA measurements were supplemented with soil respiration experiments using two different soils. DHA was significantly increased by all organic inputs, but decreased back to the control level within seven months under field conditions. Twenty percent to 44% of the organic carbon (Corg) in the digestates was converted to CO2 after 178 days. Soil respiration was significantly negatively correlated to lignin content (r = −0.82, p < 0.01) and not correlated to nitrogen, cellulose, or hemicellulose content. On the basis of equal carbon application, slurry promoted soil respiration and DHA more strongly than digestates in the short term.

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