scholarly journals The Mental Scenarios and Internet Genre Etiquette of Different Cultures (Based on Online Greetings in Four Languages)

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (27) ◽  
pp. 21-36
Author(s):  
Eleonora Lassan
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
National Character ◽  
Internet Site ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Wide Circle ◽  
Birthday Celebration ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Good Attitude

This article analyses online greetings in the Russian, Polish, Lithuanian and German languages. The author treats greetings as a speech act which helps the addresser to remind the addressee of his/her good attitude towards him/her on the basis of a particular occasion—the addressee’s birthday. The author analyses this speech act in relation to the specific communicative and mental scenarios of the culture to which the speaker belongs. The entirety of standard speech acts and the combination of intentions of the speakers form a genre. The genre of modern online greetings seems contiguous to folklore genres, because most of the texts do not have authors. Moreover, these texts move from one Internet site to another, resulting in a wide circle of “implementers”—users.The author distinguishes some typical characteristics of online greetings among the four cultures. An emphasis on the figure of the speaker and an incantatory character are typical of Russian greeting texts. Happiness, health and eternal youth are the key objects of these Russian texts. Russian greetings are related to the future. German greetings are mainly related to the birthday celebration itself. Greetings are often related to a review of life: on this occasion the addressee is encouraged to reflect on whether s/he has lived the past year appropriately. The word courage (Mut) is constantly repeated in German greetings, whereas this word is absent from the Russian greetings. The figure of the speaker is marginally expressed in Polish greetings. The sweetness of life is present in Polish greetings, whereas it is observed neither in German nor in Russian texts. May all your dreams come true is a cliché element of Polish greeting texts. Lithuanian greetings distinguish themselves by their melancholic tone.The author relates the detected specific features of online greetings to the ideas of philosophers and historians on the unique means of expressing one’s national character.

scholarly journals Contrastive Pragmatics: Apologies & Thanks in English and Italian

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Cuneyt Demir ◽  
Mehmet Takkac
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
American English ◽  
The Status ◽  
Language Competency ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Remedial Strategies

<p>Awareness of language or language competency has greatly changed from the focus of language itself as form and structure to language use as pragmatics. Accordingly, it is widely accepted that different cultures structure discourse in different ways. Moreover, studies have shown that this holds for discourse genres traditionally considered as highly standardized in their rituals and formulas. Taking inspiration from such studies, this paper employs a corpus-based approach to examine variations of the apology and thanking strategies used in English and Italian. First the apology itself as a form of social action is closely analyzed and then thanking. This study also pays special attention on analyzing and contrasting apology and thanking strategies in American English and in Italian in terms of Marion Owen’s remedial strategies (Owen, 1983), and Olshtain &amp; Cohen’s semantic formulas in the apology speech act set (Olshtain &amp; Cohen, 1983). The purpose of the study is not only to compare apology and thanking speech acts but to also learn their contextual use. The findings suggest that the status and role of the situation affect the speakers’ choice of apology and thanking strategies, and semantic formulas are of great importance.</p>

scholarly journals Decoding the wordplay: Speech act analysis of headlines predicting the future

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 303-314
Author(s):  
Rabiah Rustam ◽  
Mian Shah Bacha
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
News Story ◽  
Pragmatic Markers ◽  
Future State ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Speech Act Analysis

Present article attempts to analyze the role of the pragmatic markers or illocutionary force indicating devices in the speech acts of prediction. The headlines play a significant role in making a news story readable and approaching large number of audience. The headlines used in the present article were taken from CNN website. These headlines cover a variety of stories related with Pakistan. As the headlines communicate more than what is said they have been treated as speech acts. Searle (1969) defines speech act as a minimum unit of communication which is illocutionary in nature and creates an impact on the mind of the reader. Keeping, this definition in view, the headlines are speech acts that affect the readers. Current study is limited to the headlines that are related to prediction or forecasting the future state of affairs.The detailed analysis of the speech acts finds that the interpretation of the headlines depends on the language devices which help in shaping the illocutionary functions of the speech acts in collaboration with the context. It has also been found that the headlines use negative words more often than the positive ones in an attempt to take the reeaders to the detailed stories.

scholarly journals Sense Theory. Sense Space

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egger L. Mielberg
Keyword(s):  
New Paradigm ◽  
Life Event ◽  
The Past ◽  
Heterogeneous Objects ◽  
The Future ◽  
Massive Number ◽  
Birthday Celebration ◽  
Physical Phenomena

A purely sense-to-sense connection between two arbitrary objectswould allow trillions of other objects to be associated with eachother by their specific sense.The main benefit of the sense connection is still lost if an object ofcertain nature does not still have a property's association to even asingle another object (-s).We propose a new paradigm of a mathematical space that issense-centered and AI-focused in its nature. One of the mainpurposes of this space are to create an informational sphere for aa massive number of heterogeneous objects by the existed senserelationship between them.It may be extremely useful if a life event (behavior) in the future ofone person, say buying a car could be described by another lifeevent (behavior) in the past of another person, say the baby'sa birthday celebration or the properties of physical phenomena in thepast will trigger some actions in the future.

scholarly journals The Directness Levels of Criticism: A Cross-Cultural Comparative Study of Korean and American Youtuber

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-119
Author(s):  
Aan Anisah Agustini Safari
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Norms ◽  
Cross Culture ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The Way

Background: Different countries may have different cultures that are influenced by their religion, traditions, or norms. These differences affect the way they speak, such as when they are commenting or giving opinions. Due to the way people express speech acts can be varied and lead to misinterpretation because of their differences, the researcher was intrigued to conduct this study. Methodology: This cross-cultural study was carried out to observe and compare the speech act of criticism between Korean and American YouTubers and to investigate the role of their cultural background in influencing the directness level they conveyed. First, the researcher selected three Korean Youtubers and Americans as well with food review content. Second, the researcher watched one video from each channel and took notes on every expression of criticism they used. Findings: The result of this study demonstrates that in American YouTubers speech, direct strategy emerges more frequently than the indirect one. Conversely, Korean YouTubers tend to use the indirect one. The finding also indicates that their speech behavior is related to their cultural norms, in which American culture encourages clear personal opinions, while Korean culture is a restraint to express their opinion or feeling clearly. Conclusion: Due to the considerable difference between Korean and American YouTuber speech, it can be concluded that culture takes a significant part in shaping one’s speech behavior. That is why people with different cultural backgrounds may have different ways of speaking.  Keywords: Criticism; cross-culture pragmatic; directness-indirectness.

scholarly journals “Can we take a picture with you?” The realization of the refusal speech act with tourists by Emirati speakers

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-88
Author(s):  
Tanju Deveci ◽  
Jessica Midraj
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Comfort Level ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Instructional Activity ◽  
Native Speakers Of English ◽  
Communication Breakdowns ◽  
Different Cultures

Effective communication between people from different cultures requires not only the ability to speak a common language but also an awareness of sociocultural rules and sociolinguistics features, an important one being speech acts the realization of which realization by Emirati non-native speakers of English has not been studied sufficiently. This paper investigates a particularly face-threatening speech act - refusals. It explores Emiratis comfort level and the use of the refusal speech act in communicative exchanges with unknown tourists. The data set consisted of 94 participant responses to a pre-instructional activity in an introductory linguistics class. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data sets. The key findings suggest that both male and female participants were rather comfortable conversing with a tourist couple that they had never met, but male participants reported being more at ease accepting the couples request to take a photo with the tourists at a statistically significant level. While more than half of the participants reported willingness to take the photo with the tourists, approximately 41.5% would decline such a request, with significantly more females declining the request. The most frequent components of the refusal speech act included a statement of regret, a thank-you note, and an excuse, reason, or explanation. Results also showed that linguistic devices for positive politeness purposes were used rather sparingly, and it was mainly the females who used them. Based on the results, it is helpful for visitors to the UAE to be mindful of Emiratis' sociocultural and sociolinguistic behaviors so that the nuances of communication can be understood and responses are appropriate, which can reduce the likelihood of communication breakdowns and increase the well-being of all involved in the interaction.

scholarly journals “Xaste Nabâši(D)” As A Culture Specific Speech Act In Persian

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 269-289
Author(s):  
Masoume Khodaei Moghaddam ◽  
Mahmoud Elyasi ◽  
Shahla Sharifi
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Cultural Patterns ◽  
Politeness Theory ◽  
Persian Language ◽  
Phatic Communication ◽  
To Come ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Natural Settings ◽  
Different Cultures

As different cultures have different speech acts and some cases of unsuccessful communication are due to the differences among the cultural patterns of speech acts, knowledge of these speech acts can help people to communicate more successfully. In this regard, the present paper ,based on Brown and Levinson Politeness Theory (1987), examines and analyzes œxaste nabi(d)  speech act in Persian language to come up with the functions it serves in the Iranian Persian-speaking community for those non-Persian speakers who want to speak or learn Persian. For this purpose, some native speakers of Persian language from different ages and different groups were ­observed in such natural settings as markets, shops, the streets, and parties and their speech was recorded; then transcribed and translated into English, finally, the data was analyzed qualitatively. The results show that, there are seven major functions of xaste nabi(d) in Persian which are as follows: In literal meaning of "not being exhausted or tired", phatic communication, greeting and sometimes to bid farewell, mitigating request, to state indirectly end of a work or an activity, thanking and blaming. Finally, it is worth noting that we can define politeness in Persian language as using such politeness expressions (”xaste nabi(d) not only for mitigating face threatening act (FTA), but also for face enhancing act (FEA) and successful interaction and communication. So incompatible with politeness definition of Brown and Levinson (1987) who consider politeness simply as a means of mitigating FTA, politeness in Persian is defined as FEA too.

scholarly journals COMMISSIVE SPEECH ACT IN DONALD TRUMP’S SPEECH CAMPAIGN

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 350-356
Author(s):  
Desriani Gea
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
The Future ◽  
Data Source ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

Commissive speech acts focus to carry out the speaker toward particular action in the future. The speech of Donald Trump in campaign rally at Nevada has function to convey his vision and mission as candidate president in second time. This research purposes to find the types of commissive speech act and understand the functions of commissive speech act in Donald Trump’s speech campaign in Henderson, Nevada on 13 September 2020. The orientation  in this research refer to utterance of Donald trump, The data source of this research take from video’s Fox Business in YouTube. This research used descriptive qualitative, with technique of collecting data are observation, watching and take note. The result of this research, there are 28 commissive speech acts in different functions.  The result indicates 8 types commisive speech act by utterance of Donald Trump, there are promise, threaten, swear, guarantee, warrant, refuse, assure and vow. 

scholarly journals SPEECH ACT STRATEGY UTTERED BY EMMA WATSON AND MALALA YOUSAFZAI AS THE INSTRUMENT OF EMPOWERMENT

Lire Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-68
Author(s):  
Ika Setyowati Sutedjo
Keyword(s):  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Third Wave Feminism ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Women's Voice ◽  
Directive Speech Acts ◽  
Directive Speech

Women’s voice has been heard by the society for the past few years. There are a lot of movements created by women to support each other, for example, Women’s March, Time’s Up, #MeToo, and HeForShe. This movement will lead to more recognition of women in various expertise. Consequently, those amazing women are able to meet in one situation. The certain situation leads women to do a conversation. The conversation between women also includes different kinds of speech acts. This study aims to find the speech act uttered by Emma Watson and Malala Yousafzai as the instrument of empowerment. The result of the study shows that Emma Watson and Malala Yousafzai are mostly using directive speech acts in their speeches. The purpose of the directive speech act is to make people do something. Emma and Malala use directive speech act to empower people to accomplish something. The use of the directive speech act also related to the third-wave feminism movement. This movement establishes women to be bold, empowered, and brave. So, the third wave of feminism also influences Emma and Malala as bold and empowered women. They empower other people to do something through their speech act because they are empowered, women.

scholarly journals The Oxford Handbook of Assertion

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Philosophy Of Mind ◽  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Communication Studies ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Family ◽  
Computer Scientists ◽  
And Linguistics

Assertions belong to the family of speech acts that make claims regarding how things are. They include statements, avowals, reports, expressed judgments, and testimonies—acts which are relevant across a host of issues not only in philosophy of language and linguistics but also in subdisciplines such as epistemology, metaphysics, philosophy of mind, ethics, and social and political philosophy. Over the past two decades, the amount of scholarship investigating the speech act of assertion has increased dramatically, and the scope of such research has also grown. The Oxford Handbook of Assertion explores various dimensions of the act of assertion: its nature; its place in a theory of speech acts, and in semantics and meta-semantics; its role in epistemology; and the various social, political, and ethical dimensions of the act. Essays from leading theorists situate assertion in relation to other types of speech acts, exploring the connection between assertions and other phenomena of interest not only to philosophers but also to linguists, psychologists, anthropologists, lawyers, computer scientists, and theorists from communication studies.

scholarly journals Istifham in the stories in Alquran from the perpective of Speech Act Theory

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Rochmat Budi Santosa ◽  
Joko Nurkamto ◽  
Nashruddin Baidan ◽  
Sumarlam Sumarlam
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Speech Act Theory ◽  
Sentence Structure ◽  
The Past ◽  
Original Meaning ◽  
The Future ◽  
Interrogative Sentence ◽  
Number Case

<p>One of the most effective ways to attract an audience in order to influence him is through question. Many kinds of question. Questions in arabic terms known as istifham are also found in the stories. This study will make an attempt in affirmation of how <em>istifhams</em>, which is then simplified into the terms of questions, are clearly highlighted to enhance the connectivity of the components of the Quranic texts. Specifically how questions in the stories in Alquran found and understood using contextual frameworks. The content analysis is employed through speech act theory. It is found that            <em>Istifham</em> serves as question words, either to inquire about something of understanding, or not, the past and the future. <em>Istifham</em> are specifically used to ask about the place, time, circumstances, number, case dubious and uncertain. Sometimes question words come out of its original meaning to another meaning that can be seen through the sentence structure, so the function <em>istifham</em> here not as a question word again. Therefore, the sentence does not allow it to be interpreted as an interrogative sentence.</p><p>Key words: istifham, stories, speech act.</p>

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