scholarly journals Subject Metaphors of Stars in Lithuanian and Russian Poetic Texts

2021 ◽  
pp. 349-374
Author(s):  
Jelena Konickaja ◽  
Birutė Jasiūnaitė
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Traditional Beliefs ◽  
Written Texts ◽  
Research Cycle ◽  
Current Article ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Poetic Texts ◽  
Poetic Metaphor

The current article, that follows the research cycle analyzing natural phenomena metaphors, examines the star metaphors identified in the works of 40 Lithuanian and 54 Russian poets (mostly 20th century). It also studies the subject metaphors which constitute from the ethnolinguistic point of view the most numerous and most interesting group of six semantic subgroups of star metaphors. The subject metaphors of stars can be both substantive and verbal. However, the article focuses on substantive metaphors. They are divided into nine groups: 1) something written, drawn or embroidered (letters, written texts, books, drawings, figures); 2) lighting devices and other lighting means; 3) clothing, fabrics, yarn, knitted or woven items; 4) small metal, shiny, rounded or sharp objects (jewelry, coins, nails, needles, weapons, etc.); 5) buildings and their parts; 6) kitchen utensils; 7) food and drinks; 8) vehicles; 9) fragments of large objects and debris. The study showed the similarity of the poetic systems of the two languages, in which the same metaphorical models are presented, as well as their differences. The largest number of subject metaphors of stars in both poetic traditions was found in the first four groups, the examples from the following three groups were less common, while the examples in which star metaphors related to vehicles were hardly found. The differences between the two poetic systems may be observed due to the differences in cultures and traditional names of stars and constellations in the languages. The article noted that the author’s poetic metaphor in both Lithuanian and Russian could correlate with folklore tradition, that is with riddles, proverbs, legends and traditional beliefs, which are often common to the two languages.

What is a “difficult poem”? Towards a definition

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Yaron
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Text Comprehension ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Modern Poetry ◽  
Communicative Acts ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Poetic Texts ◽  
The One ◽  
The Way

AbstractModern poetry developed and transformed difficulty into a prominent aesthetic norm of poetry. The abundance of difficult poetic texts necessitates a study of the corpus. After differentiating between the way difficulty is perceived in poetry and in other communicative acts, I present the approach that I have adopted for the purpose of studying difficult poetry. In contrast to other studies which have examined difficulty from the author's perspective and, as a consequence, described factors that cause textual difficulty, I propose to examine the subject from the reader's point of view. The reader, after all, is the one who feels or does not feel the difficulty. The concept ‘difficult poem’ is necessarily interdisciplinary and the question of what is “difficult” involves cognitive psychology and its models of text comprehension. Following a discussion of these domains, I present the “definition” that I propose for the ‘difficult poem’.

scholarly journals Alpinizm, turystyka, literatura na przełomie XIX i XX wieku — związki i zależności. Wstępny zarys problematyki

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 15-38
Author(s):  
Jacek Kolbuszewski
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Arthur Schopenhauer ◽  
Lake District ◽  
Mountain Climbing ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Grade 5 ◽  
The Alps ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century

Mountaineering, tourism and literature at the turn of the 20th century — links and relations.A preliminary outlineThe second half of the 19th and the early 20th century were marked by extremely significant changes in mountaineering, tourism and literature, changes which can be described metaphorically as the vanguard of 20th-century modernity. Of great importance to the development of both mountaineering and mountain tourism was the creation of associations bringing together tourists and mountaineers, mountain lovers. The associations focused mainly on promoting mountain tourism, making the mountains more accessible building paths, trails, hostels and trying to protect the mountains against the effects of human impact and other civilisational processes — economic, social and technological. The increasingly evident division into mountaineering exploring the mountains by climbing them and tourism, and the spread of this tourism in all mountain ranges in Europe made mountaineering aspecialised form of communing with the mountains, requiring special qualifications and equipment. At the same mountain tourism became amulti-layered phe­nomenon, as it encompassed, in addition to the “classic” tourism “with backpacks”, resort tourism involving walks, atype of tourism playing an important role in socialising and styles of behaviour, completely different from the models characteristic of tourism in the first half of the 19th century. This led to the emergence of characteristic styles of this tourism, which was becoming an important element of bourgeois popular culture, aprocess that immediately resonated in literature. In the second half of the 19th and the first decade of the 20th century the substantial growth in the number of tourists arriving in mountain villages led to their rapid civilisational and economic development. However, the concept of building mountain railways that were to bring people closer to the most precious asset of the mountains — their intact primeval nature — was asimple extension of the sedentary lifestyle. The development of mountaineering consisted in traversing increasingly difficult routes. This involved not just the ordinary climbing of peaks, but traversing mountain walls. In 1880 and 1881, Albert Frederick Mummery, climbing Grands Charmoz 3,455 m and Grépon 3,482 m, became the first man to traverse extremely difficult routes Grade 5 in the Welzenbach scale. In 1884 Walter Parry Haskett Smith decided to traverse agrade 3 difficult route on his own and two years later he climbed the twenty-metre Lapes Needle in the Lake District, England, which gave rise to competitive climbing, adiscipline distinct from mountaineering. Mountaineers also produced literary works Eugčne Rambert. The so-called “Alpine literature” “la littérature alpestre” encompassed, as its unique variety, par excellence Alpine literature providing an image of the mountains from the point of view of mountaineering and way of approaching mountaineering. Its leading exponents were Edward Whymper and Leslie Stephen; Albert Frederic Mummery 1855–1895 won considerable renown as the author of My climbs in the Alps and Caucasus 1895 as did Henry Russel-Killough 1834–1909 regarded as excellent writer and aman who made a great contribution to the exploration of the Pyrenees Souvenirs d’un Montagnard, 1908. On the other hand, the ideological motivation of Polish mountaineering echoed with the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche, Arthur Schopenhauer and Henri Bergson, introducing the subject of mountain climbing into highbrow literature.

scholarly journals To the Problem of Attribution of the Albums Ten Landscapes and Travelling Along the River [Painted by] Shitao

2021 ◽  
pp. 122-139
Author(s):  
P.S. Odinokova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Qing Dynasty ◽  
Original Work ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Visual Evaluation ◽  
Scientific Discussion ◽  
The Qing Dynasty ◽  
State Museum ◽  
The Subject

The article is devoted to the albums Ten Landscapes and Travelling Along the River [Painted by] Shitao, attributed to Shitao (1642–1707), a famous Chinese artist and theorist of painting in beginning of the Qing dynasty (1644–1911). The aim of the article is to estab- lish authenticity of the albums. The album Ten Landscapes is in the collection of the State Museum of Oriental Art (Moscow). In 2015 one leaf from it was displayed at the exhibition Classical Painting of China. After visual evaluation and the analysis of painting, calligraphy and seals the author came to conclusion that the album Ten Landscapes could not be the original work of Shitao. It is probably the copy of another album Travelling Along the River [Painted by] Shitao. The latter was very famous among the connoisseur’s circles at the beginning of the 20th century. Therefore, its authenticity is also the subject of scientific discussion. Some of Chinese experts and researchers regard the album Travelling Along the River [Painted by] Shitao as the best example of Shitao’s painting. Others question its authenticity. The author of the article gives arguments to confirm the latter point of view.

scholarly journals THE MEANS OF EXPRESSION OF THE CATEGORY OF ADMIRATIVENESS IN RUSSIAN, FRENCH AND ENGLISH

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena K. Kuzmina ◽  
Gulnara G. Nazarova ◽  
Lilia R. Nizameeva ◽  
Gérard Broussois
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
English Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Grammatical Category ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
French And English ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Linguistic Phenomenon

The comprehension of admirativeness as an independent category took place relatively recently – at the end of the 20th century. Until now, some scholars have not recognized an independent character of admirative. However, in recent years there has been an increasingly noticeable tendency to recognize the separate role of admirativeness and to indicate that the expression of surprise evoked by unexpected information cannot be combined with similar meanings. At the same time, the ways and degree of expression of admirativeness in different language systems vary significantly. The introduction of such grammatical category as admirativeness and the term “admirative” refers to the second half of the 19th century. In 1879, O. Dozon coined the term in his works on the Albanian language. The choice of this name (Fr. admiratif comes from the verb “to admire”) is determined by the fact that the linguist interpreted the concept as a certain sense of admiration or surprise, often having an ironic character. Further the development of this direction showed that admirative had the meaning of surprise rather than admiration. In this connection, in 1997, S. de Lancey first singled out this concept into a separate grammatical category. The scholar substantiates it by the fact that in a number of languages, such as Korean, Turkish, Tibetan, Dardic, Sanvar, etc., admirative has a separate grammatical expression. The identification of admirativeness as a separate linguistic phenomenon with a number of specific features has been still the subject of controversy among the researchers. Characteristics and distinctive features of admirativeness, allowing for the separation it from other similar categories will be considered later in the paper (Davletbaeva et al., 2013). In his writings, S. de Lancey uses the term “mirative”, thereby excluding its correlation with admiration introduced by O. Dozon from the meaning of the concept, and indicating that its primary function is to convey the subject’s astonishment. To date, the term “mirative” is widely used in English-language grammar. V.A. Plugnyan notes that the use of this term is more grounded from a typological point of view, however, the use of the concept “admirative” is often retained in domestic works (Smagina, 1996).

scholarly journals Verbalization of the Native Land Concept in Oleksii Dovhiy's Poetry

2020 ◽  
pp. 117-126
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Strokal
Keyword(s):  
General Concept ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Linguistic Expression ◽  
Landscape Elements ◽  
Native Land ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Poetic Texts ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
Current Stage ◽  
The Ideal

The article deals with the peculiarities of the linguistic expression of the NATIVE LAND concept in Oleksii Dovhiy's poetry. The study found that the current stage of linguistics is characterized by an understandingof the concept as a general concept and complex of culturally determined perceptions of the subject. The concept itself is a designated element of the ideal that represents the reality of the speaker through the prism of his culture. The article argues that the individual's ideas about the subject are realized in the artistic text through a figurative system. The image is considered as the main means of artistic generalization of reality, as a sign of the objective correlate of human experiences and as a special form of social consciousness.In Oleksii Dovhiy's poetic texts the image of the native land is one of the most vividly presented. For the poet's lyrical hero, this image serves as a special place, a sacred locus, the beginning of all things. This vision of the lyrical hero is expressed in the nominations for the designation of landscape elements, natural phenomena and their characteristics. Supplements the analyzed locus introduced by the author image of the Big Father, expressed by the respective linguistic units. The author's poetic language presents linguistic constructions that explicate the image of the native land as the beginning of all things a place in which the memory of the heroic past and the difficult tests are stored at the same time.

scholarly journals Psicologia Sócio Histórica: Historicidade X Naturalização, Desafios Da Produção Teórico- Práticos Em Saúde Pública / Social Historical Psychology: Historicity X Naturalization, Theoretical – Practical Challenges of Production in Public Health

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Edna Peters Kahhale ◽  
Carlos Roberto De Castro e Silva ◽  
Alexandro Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
Historical Materialism ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Research Perspective ◽  
Construction Of Knowledge ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Health And Illness ◽  
The Subject

ABSTRACTIt aims to promote critical debate on the construction of knowledge in psychology taking parameters such as the notion of historicity , the question of dialectical objectivity - subjectivity the constitution of the subject and subjectivity from the perspective of dialectical and historical materialism . Question the knowledge of psychology from category involves questioning the historicity of individual naturalization, natural phenomena and located in a social perspective, discussing the contents of universals and a priori character. That research perspective and reflection pursues the foundations of theoretical constructs and practice, opening a field of reflection on the interweaving of concrete social practices and theoretical constructs generated from demands in specific contexts (situations of health and illness; production of material life, estrangement and unusual or hegemonic meanings opposite the everyday life). In performing this task, configures itself necessarily as critical theory , since it indicates the present theories on ideology that "natural " phenomena and psychosocial conceal their commitment to dominant interests which, in ideological nature , alienate individuals and groups in which they live hindering the formation of the subject of rights . This lack of critical reflection engenders professional practices normalizing and alienating. The problematic of the inclusion of psychology in primary and secondary care is discussed of both point of view theoretical as an action.RESUMOObjetiva-se promover o debate crítico sobre a construção de conhecimentos na área da Psicologia tomando como parâmetros a noção de historicidade, a questão da dialética objetividade - subjetividade na constituição do sujeito e a subjetividade sob a perspectiva do materialismo dialético e histórico. Questionar o conhecimento da psico-logia a partir da categoria historicidade envolve questionar a naturalização dos fenômenos individuais, singulares e sociais em uma perspectiva localizada, problematizando os conteúdos de caráter universalizantes e apriorísticos. Essa perspectiva de pesquisa e reflexão pretende alcançar os fundamentos das construções teóricas e práticas, abrindo um campo de reflexão sobre o entrelaçamento das práticas sociais concretas e as construções teóricas geradas a partir de demandas em contextos específicos (situações de saúde e doença; de produção da vida material; de estranhamento e significações não usuais ou hegemônicos frente ao cotidiano da vida). Ao realizar essa tarefa, configura-se necessa-riamente como teoria crítica, pois aponta a ideologia presente em teorias que “naturalizam” fenômenos psicossociais e ocultam seu comprometimento com interesses dominantes que, por seu caráter ideológico, alienam o indivíduoe os grupos nos quais se insere dificultando a constituição do sujeito de direitos. A falta desta reflexão crítica engendra práticas profissionais normatizadoras e alienantes. Será problematizada a inserção da psicologia na atenção básica e secundária tanto do ponto de vista teórico como de atuação.

scholarly journals The Value of Narrative in Al-Bayātī 's Broken Pitchers

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 622-632
Author(s):  
Khalid Muhammed Saleh, Ali Abdul-Raheem Kareem
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Structure ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
Free Verse ◽  
Poetic Text ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
Poetic Texts ◽  
Narrative Techniques

The subject of our study is the narrative techniques in the poetry of ʻAbd al-Wahhāb al-Bayātī (1926-1999) which were taken into account through the example of his second published works Abārīq Muhashshamah “Broken Pitchers, 1954”, as narration. The aim of the article is to define the features of narration and how the same techniques appear in creative work of a poet, one of the pioneers of modernity in contemporary Arabic poetry, in addition to Badr Shākir al-Sayyāb (1926-1964), and Nāzik al-Malā'ikah (1926-2007). The study defines the following objectives: Determining the approaches developed in studying the aspects of narration in poetry, to distinguish the narrative examples in the modern poetic text under study; To show the process of creating the poetic genre in the Bayati literature through the example of free verse poems. This article seeks, through the methodological principles of narrative research, to reveal the features of the narrative model that organizes communication in al-Bayātī 's poetry, as well as the features of the composition of the narrative structure of the text in al-Bayātī 's collection Broken Pitchers. The article analyzes the poetic texts and their intertwining with prose, as it tries to uncover the narrative and performance discourses from which the poet set out in determining the techniques of narration he uses, the communicative possibilities such as dialogues and the narrator's point of view in the poems at al-Bayātī.

scholarly journals Narrare per esistere: la (in)visibilità della maternità nella letteratura italiana contemporanea

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 55-68
Author(s):  
Maria Reyes Ferrer
Keyword(s):  
Women Writers ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Italian Literature ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Literary Studies ◽  
Representation Of Women ◽  
Written Texts ◽  
Letteratura Italiana ◽  
Absent Mothers ◽  
Female Experience

From the second half of the 20th century, the issue of women’s writing has been of considerable interest in literary studies, highlighting the need to know women as writers and as literary subjects, in order to understand female experience first-hand. This approach to written texts is based on two fundamental aspects of study: women as writers and the representation of women in the text. This has made it possible to examine how women are represented and what topics women writers prefer, for example, motherhood, a literary topos par excellence in Italian literature. Despite this, although motherhood is present in numerous works, the voices of actual mothers are largely absent: mothers and motherhood are in fact narrated from the point of view of daughters. In view of that, there are two main aims of this study: (1) to examine the possible reasons for the absence of the mother’s point of view and (2) to analyze some contemporary Italian literarature narrated by mothers themselves.

scholarly journals Nazwy ukraińskich klubów piłkarskich w Galicji w pierwszej połowie XX wieku

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Iryna Protsyk
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
National Symbols ◽  
Football Clubs

In the article the author analyses the names of Ukrainian football clubs in Galicia in the first half of the 20th century from the point of view of their determinants. The sources encompass sports magazines functioning in Galicia in the inter-war period — in the 1920s and 1930s. The names of Galician football teams from the first half of the 20th century are combinations of abbreviations and onyms. The abbreviations do not differ considerably, but the onyms represent a broad range of names. The basic sources of names of Galician football clubs included names of towns: Dobromyl, Kolomyia, Zaluzhe, Pavlivka, Toporivci, and regions: Lemkivshchyna, Podolia in Ukraine; toponyms of historical significance to Ukrainians: Baturyn, Zaporozhian Sich; hydronyms: Dnieper, Dniester, Prut; oronyms: Beskid, Hoverla, and anthroponyms: Bohun, Dovbush, Karmeluk. A smaller group comprises general nouns: names of natural phenomena (hurricane, storm), topographical names and names of natural areas (cliff, rock, steppe), names of birds (eagle, falcon, lapwing) as well as names of state and national symbols (trident, unity, kalyna).

scholarly journals The history of the transformation of women of Naddnipryansk Ukraine from an object into a subject of the political process: from idea to practical implementation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (28-29) ◽  
pp. 99-108
Author(s):  
Valeria Motuz ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
The Political ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ukrainian Society

The article substantiates the theoretical and practical foundations of the development of the women’s movement in Naddnipryan Ukraine in the conditions of active politicization of society in the late 19th – early 20th century. When the object of the study is the increase by women from Naddnipryanskaya Ukraine of their social status in society, and the subject is their transformation from an object into a subject of political activity. This process is revealed from the standpoint of the influence of the politicization of Ukrainian society in the late 19th – early 20th century on the movement of socially active women in Nadnipryansk Ukraine towards achieving the modernization of the system of power and management from the point of view of gender equality and is presented as a transitional stage to this.

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