scholarly journals Comparative analysis of indicators of competitive activity of the strongest male and female fighters of mixed martial arts MMA

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-87
Author(s):  
Y. Tropin ◽  
Y. Myroshnychenho ◽  
I. Holovach ◽  
I. Chornii ◽  
M. Latyshev
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
The United States ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mixed Martial Arts ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Competitive Activity ◽  
Female Fighters

Purpose: to conduct a comparative analysis of the indicators of the competitive activity of the strongest fighters of men and women of mixed martial arts MMA from the TOP-10, regardless of weight. Material and methods. The research used the following methods: analysis of scientific and methodological information and Internet sources; generalization of best practical experience; analysis of protocols and videos of the competitive activity of men and women fighters from the TOP-10, regardless of weight; methods of mathematical statistics. The performance output of the strongest male and female MMA fighters is taken from the UFC website. Results: the analysis of the strongest fighters of women and men from the TOP-10, regardless of weight, showed that the average age of women is 32,7±3,74 years, and of men – 33,2±2,75 years. The average fight time for women is 16,25±3,43 minutes, and for men – 12,76±3,05 minutes. The TOP-10 strongest female fighters, regardless of weight, include representatives of six countries (four fighters from the United States, two representatives from Brazil and one athlete each from Kyrgyzstan, China, and the Netherlands), and the TOP-10 strongest male fighters regardless of weight also includes representatives of six countries (four fighters from the USA, two representatives from Russia and one athlete each from France, Nigeria, Brazil, Australia). It was found that male fighters from the TOP-10, regardless of weight, during their sports careers won 204 fights and lost 17 fights. For female fighters, these results are worse – 151 wins and 35 losses. Conclusions. Comparative analysis of the indicators of the competitive activity of the strongest fighters of women and men from the TOP-10, regardless of weight, showed that fighters of women and men deliver the same number of punches per minute (4,52 punches), and women fighters miss more punches (3,36 punches) than male fighters (2,60 strokes). The greatest number of punches was carried out by women and men in a standing position (women – 66,9 %; men – 64,6 %), then on the ground (women – 19,0 %; men – 21,6 %) and in a clinch (women – 14,1 %; men – 13,8 %). The largest number of blows are in the head (women – 60,2 %; men – 68,4 %), then on the body (women – 20,9 %; men – 18,3 %) and on the legs (women – 18,9 %; men – 13,3 %). The strongest fighters, women and men, defend against takedowns more efficiently (women – 77,5 %; men – 81,6 %) than against punches (women – 56,8 %; men – 59,8 %). The number of takedown attempts in 15 minutes is greater (women – 1,53 times; men – 1,86 times) than performing a submission in 15 minutes (women – 0,55 times; men – 0,53 times). Keywords: competitive activity, mixed martial arts MMA, TOP-10, indicators, fighters, men, women.

scholarly journals Indicators of competitive activity of the strongest female fighters of mixed martial arts MMA

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-83
Author(s):  
Y. Tropin ◽  
M. Latyshev ◽  
A. Pylypet`s ◽  
V. Ponomaryov
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Minimum Weight ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mixed Martial Arts ◽  
Weight Category ◽  
Competitive Activity ◽  
Female Fighters ◽  
Competitive Activities

Purpose: to establish indicators of competitive activity of the strongest female fighters of mixed martial arts MMA with TOP-10 regardless of weight. Material and methods. The following methods were used in the study: analysis of scientific and methodological information and Internet sources; generalization of best practices; analysis of protocols and videos of competitive activities of women fighters in the TOP-10, regardless of weight; methods of mathematical statistics. The initial data of the performances of the strongest female fighters in mixed martial arts MMA are taken from the UFC website. Results: analysis of scientific and methodological information, Internet sources and generalization of best practices allowed to establish that the popularity of mixed martial arts MMA in the world and the sharp increase in competition among fighters require timely study of competitive activities of leading athletes to make changes in training and preparation for competitions. The analysis of the rating of the TOP-10 best women fighters regardless of weight showed that it includes four athletes of the lightest and minimum weight category and two women fighters of the lightest weight category. The TOP-10 strongest female mixed martial arts MMA fighters, regardless of weight, include four representatives of the United States, two athletes from Brazil and one fighter from Kyrgyzstan, China, Poland and the Netherlands. Conclusions. The results of the analysis of the competitive activity of the TOP-10 strongest female fighters in mixed martial arts MMA, regardless of weight, showed that the fighters strike more blows per minute (from 2,80 to 6,55) than they miss (from 2,12 to 5,28). The largest number of blows is carried out in the rack (from 48 % to 85 % of the total number of blows), then in the clinch (from 4 % to 43 %) and in the ground (from 1 % to 40 %). Most blows occur in the head (from 41 % to 82 %), then on the body (from 13 % to 38 %) and on the legs (from 3 % to 33 %). The strongest female fighters defend against downdowns more effectively (from 63 % to 100 %) than from blows (from 47 % to 67 %). Attempts to take takedowns in 15 minutes more (from 0,50 to 3,21) than the implementation of submission in 15 minutes (from 0,08 to 1,71). Keywords: mixed martial arts MMA, competitive activity, the strongest female fighters.

scholarly journals Characterizing Head Impact Exposure in Men and Women During Boxing and Mixed Martial Arts

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 232596712110598
Author(s):  
A. Elizabeth Jansen ◽  
Morgan McGrath ◽  
Sergey Samorezov ◽  
Joshua Johnston ◽  
Adam Bartsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Martial Arts ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Angular Acceleration ◽  
Head Impact ◽  
Mixed Martial Arts ◽  
Practice Session ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Head Impacts ◽  
Impact Location

Background: The accumulation of subconcussive impacts has been implicated in permanent neurological impairment. A gap in understanding the relationship between head impacts and neurological function is the lack of precise characterization and quantification of forces that individuals experience during sports training and competition. Purpose: To characterize impact exposure during training and competition among male and female athletes participating in boxing and mixed martial arts (MMA) via an instrumented custom-fit Impact Monitoring Mouthguard (IMM). Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Twenty-three athletes (n = 4 women) were provided a custom-fit IMM. The IMM monitored impacts during sparring and competition. All training and competition sessions were videotaped. Video and IMM data were synchronized for post hoc data verification of true positives and substantiation of impact location. IMM data were collected from boxing and MMA athletes at a collaborating site. For each true-positive impact, peak linear acceleration and peak angular acceleration were calculated. Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to evaluate potential differences in sport, activity type, and sex with respect to each outcome. Differences in impact location were assessed via Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: IMM data were collected from 53 amateur training sessions and 6 competitions (session range, 5-20 minutes). A total of 896 head impacts (men, n = 786; women, n = 110) were identified using IMM data and video verification: 827 in practice and 69 during competition. MMA and boxers experienced a comparable number of impacts per practice session or competition. In general, MMA impacts produced significantly higher peak angular acceleration than did boxing impacts ( P < .001) and were more varied in impact location on the head during competitions. In terms of sex, men experienced a greater number of impacts than women per practice session. However, there was no significant difference between men and women in terms of impact magnitude. Conclusion: Characteristic profiles of head impact exposure differed between boxing and MMA athletes; however, the impact magnitudes were not significantly different for male and female athletes.

Features of control of competitive activity of strikers in football aged 14-15 years

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
S. Lebediev ◽  
S. Zhurid ◽  
O. Bulgakov ◽  
I. Mychka
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Youth Sports ◽  
Competitive Performance ◽  
Competitive Activity ◽  
Single Combat

Comparative analysis of competitive performance indicators between the strikers of the children's and youth sports schools Arsenal and children's and YSS № 7 in Kharkov showed that the quantitative and qualitative aspects in the execution of the TTA had significant differences with respect to the players in the TTA, namely: receiving the ball - an increase of 6,48 TTА on average per game (t=2,89; p <0,05), passing back and across the field - more by 3,09 TTА (t = 2,89 ; p <0,05), ball keeping - an increase of 3,07 TTА (t = 2,50; p<0,05), martial arts at the top – 2,19 TTА, respectively (t = 2,20; p>0,05), single combat below – 1,69 TTА (t= 2,38; p<0,05), kicks in the goal - the result was more by 1,7 TTА (t=2,46; p> 0,05). For example, the young strikers of the СYSC Arsenal of Kharkiv, in comparison with the YSS № 7, Kharkiv, are performing qualitatively and tactically actions: namely, in receiving the ball, the result is better by 14.49% (t = 2,18; p > 0,05), short passes back and across the ball - by 12,64% (t = 2,23; p <0,05), ball keeping - by 17% (t = 2, 14; p <0, 05), single combat below - at 23,57% (t = 2,16; p <0,05), leg kicks – 19,3% (t = 2,24; p> 0,05).

Rapid Weight Gain Following Weight Cutting in Male and Female Professional Mixed Martial Artists

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Kadhiresan R. Murugappan ◽  
Ariel Mueller ◽  
Daniel P. Walsh ◽  
Shahzad Shaefi ◽  
Akiva Leibowitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Rapid Weight Loss ◽  
Mixed Martial Arts ◽  
Rapid Weight Gain ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Small Series

Rapid weight loss or “weight cutting” is a common but potentially harmful practice used in mixed martial arts competition. Following the official weigh-in, competitors refeed and rehydrate themselves in a process known as rapid weight gain (RWG) to realize a potential competitive advantage. While data from surveys and small series have indicated the majority of mixed martial arts athletes engage in rapid weight loss, there is a lack of officially collected data from sanctioning organizations describing its prevalence. The present investigation represents a summary of the data collected between December 2015 and January 2018 by the California State Athletic Commission. In total, 512 professional mixed martial artists (455 males and 57 females) were included. Of these, 503 (98%) athletes gained body mass between weigh-in and their bouts. Total RWG between weigh-in and competition was 5.5 ± 2.5 kg, corresponding to an 8.1% ± 3.6% body mass increase. Total RWG was 5.6 ± 2.5 kg (8.1% ± 3.6%) for males and 4.5 ± 2.3 kg (8.0% ± 3.8%) for females. More than one quarter of men and one third of women gained >10% body mass between weigh-in and competition. Athletes from leading international promotions gained more absolute, but not relative, body mass than those from regional promotions. Our findings indicate RWG is nearly ubiquitous in professional , with a similar prevalence in male and female athletes. Trends based on promotion suggest a larger magnitude of RWG in presumably more experienced and/or successful mixed martial artists from leading international promotions.

Injury Patterns of Mixed Martial Arts Athletes in the United States

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. S108 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.J. Ross ◽  
G.J. Tudor ◽  
J.W. Hafner ◽  
B.I. Yahuaca ◽  
H. Wang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mixed Martial Arts ◽  
Injury Patterns

Anthropometry of Women of the U.S. Army

1978 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 456-460
Author(s):  
Robert M. White
Keyword(s):  
United States Army ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anthropometric Data ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Body Dimensions ◽  
Body Sizes ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Size Data

A new anthropometric survey of U. S. Army women was planned and carried out in 1976–1977 in response to the need for current and comprehensive body size data for the women who make up an increasingly large part of the United States Army. The main purpose of the survey was to obtain and develop statistical data on the body sizes and proportions of Army women. As a result, new anthropometric data now are available for Army women, as well as workspace and strength measurements. While there has been relatively little change in the body dimensions of Army women between 1946 and 1977, comparisons of data for men and women clearly show that serious design and sizing problems will be encountered in the development of clothing and equipment intended for use by both Army men and women.

Comparative Analysis of Tanker Ships Incidents and their Environment Impacts

2013 ◽  
Vol 837 ◽  
pp. 775-779
Author(s):  
Ramona Tromiadis ◽  
Costel Stanca
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Oil Pollution ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Severe Accident ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Oil Tankers

The paper presents a comparative analysis of tanker ships incidents and their environment impacts. The focus is on oil tankers because this type of ships poses the highest environmental risk. By the sheer amount of oil carried, modern oil tankers can be considered a threat to the environment. In case of a maritime accident a ship can suffer fracture of the ships hull that may lead to oil outflow leading to environmental consequences or stability problems, which may again result in capsizing of the vessel. In terms of the consequences for the vessel maritime accidents can be classified in different categories. Severe accident means an accident involving a total loss of the ship, loss of life or severe pollution. Accident that is not severe which may involve: fire, explosion, stranding, collision damage caused by bad weather, damage caused by ice, fracture in the hull or suspected damage to the body. This may also lead to pollution. And incidents that are circumstances or events caused by, or related with the operation of a ship from which the ship or any person is being hazard or results in serious damage to the ship, the ship's structure or the environment. Oil spills have devastating effects on the environment. Shipping regulations have been developed or modified over years on the basis of some significant marine accidents. The regulations are mostly concentrated on reducing the consequences of maritime incidents. Following the Exxon Valdez spill, the United States passed the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA-90), which excluded single-hull tank vessels of 5,000 gross tons or more from U.S. waters from 2010 onward, apart from those with a double bottom or double sides, which may be permitted to trade to the United States through 2015, depending on their age. Following the sinkings of the Erika (1999) and Prestige (2002), the European Union passed its own stringent anti-pollution packages (known as Erika I, II, and III), which also require all tankers entering its waters to be double-hulled by 2010. Oil tankers are only one source of oil spills. Air pollution from normal tanker engines operation and from cargo fires is another serious concern. Ship fires may not only result in the loss of the ship due to lack of specialized firefighting gear and techniques but the fires sometimes burn for days and require evacuations of nearby residents due to the dangerous smoke.

scholarly journals Trends and patterns of marijuana use in men and women seeking drug treatment

Salud Mental ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 103-110
Author(s):  
David Bruno Díaz-Negrete ◽  
◽  
Solveig E Rodríguez-Kuri ◽  
Alma Delia Gutiérrez-López ◽  
Ricardo Sánchez-Huesca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Illegal Drug ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
The Past ◽  
Drug Of Choice ◽  
Patterns Of Use ◽  
Age Range

Introduction. Marijuana is the world’s most widely used illegal drug. In Mexico, it is the drug of choice for both male and female users of all ages, and there has been a recent increase in its use. Objective. To describe drug use trends in people seeking treatment by sex and age range, and to explore different patterns. Method. To provide a description of trends and rates of increase for the population attended between 2005 and 2016 and to make a comparative analysis of patterns of use in a sample of 11 595 marijuana users who received treatment in 2016. Results. In general, there has been a greater increase in use in the group ages twelve to seventeen. The greatest increase in lifetime use was reported among women in this age range. The greatest increase in marijuana use in the past month was found among women aged eighteen to thirty-five. Women use a greater variety of substances, and a higher number of younger women report using cocaine, methamphetamines, benzodiazepines and hallucinogens than men. Discussion and conclusion. Significant increases in marijuana use have been registered among girls under 18 and women in recent years. The differences in trends and patterns of use for men and women are being reduced and reconfigured.

scholarly journals The prevalence, risk factors predicting injury and the severity of injuries sustained during competition in professional mixed martial arts in Africa

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
S Venter ◽  
D Van Rensburg ◽  
L Fletcher ◽  
C Grant
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Brain Injuries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injuries ◽  
Return To Play ◽  
Stepwise Logistic Regression ◽  
Mixed Martial Arts ◽  
The Usa

Background: Professional mixed martial arts (MMA) has gained international popularity. No African-based studies have reported the prevalence or severity of injuries, risk factors associated with injuries or return-to-play (RTP) time. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of injuries and associated risk factors, as well as severity of injuries sustained by professional male MMA athletes competing at the Extreme Fighting Championships Africa (EFC Africa) from 2010 to 2014.Methods: Permission to do the study and the medical records of all professional events (2010 – 2014) were obtained from EFC Africa. Data were obtained from 173 male competitors aged 18 to 44 years, who had participated in 300 professional MMA fights. Results from this prospective cohort study were compared to a similar study done in the United States of America (USA). An injury was defined as any damage to an athlete’s body that needed the attention of the ringside physician. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics and a stepwise logistic regression. Odds of an injury were predicted with six independent variables: fight outcome, age, weight division, number of fights, injuries in the preceding fight and years of fighter experience.Results: Head, face and neck injuries were most common (22%), followed by traumatic brain injuries (knockouts) (6%). Losing a fight was a significant predictor of injury when using the stepwise logistic regression model (p=0.040). The odds ratio indicated that a preceding fight injury almost doubled the risk of injury in the following fight (OR 1.91; p= 0.163). Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) in this study of African-based competitions (6%) were substantially higher than reported in the American study (1.8%).Conclusion: Head, neck and face injuries are common in African fighters. The high rate of TBIs in African competition compared to the USA study is concerning. This could reflect superior refereeing in the USA group, as fights may be ended sooner by stoppage. Further investigation of injury trends and preventative measures should be studied to reduce the incidence of injuries during African competitions.

In the Shadow of Doubt: Expertise, Knowledge, and Systematization in Rabbinic Purity Laws

AJS Review ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-118
Author(s):  
Ayelet Hoffmann Libson
Keyword(s):  
Legal Discourse ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cultural Criticism ◽  
Legal Knowledge ◽  
Gender Analysis ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Legal Thinking ◽  
And Gender

AbstractThis article revisits rabbinic laws of menstrual impurity by comparing them to the parallel laws of male impurity. The prevailing scholarly paradigm has examined menstrual purity laws through the lens of cultural criticism and gender analysis, demonstrating that the sages molded the legal discourse of this field to construct their own authority vis-à-vis the women they describe. By contrast, this article argues that a comparison of menstrual impurity laws with the laws of male impurities discloses substantial parallels that have not been sufficiently explored. This comparison demonstrates that the rabbis developed similar legal categories for both men and women, revealing more about their systematic legal thinking than about their gender economy. Tracing the development of both male and female impurities through rabbinic sources thus has the potential to uncover not only the gendered constructions engaged by the rabbis, but also fundamental rabbinic ideas about the body, legal knowledge, and rabbinic expertise.

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