SEED PRODUCTIVITY AND BIOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SPELT WINTER WHEAT AND EMMER WHEAT UNDER SOUTH STEPPE ZONE CONDITIONS

The article presents the results of studying the diversity of pear rootstock forms in terms of yield and seed productivity. The research was carried out at the experimental sites of the Orenburg Experimental Station of Horticulture and Viticulture of AllRussian Horticultural Institute for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery and the Botanical Garden of the Orenburg State University in 2017-2019, in typical soil and climatic conditions of the Orenburg city. The purpose of the study is to identify pear rootstock forms characterized by high yield and stable seed productivity for use in the future as a seed rootstock. During the research, 15 pear accessions were studied; the planting scheme was 6x4 m. As a result of research, it was found that the rootstock form Temno-zelenaya is characterized by a high yield (40 kg/tree). High seed productivity of more than 6 seeds in one fruit was observed in samples: Vernaya (6.0-6.5 pcs.), SK-1, SK-3 (6.1-7.8 pcs.), SK-2 (7.0-7.5 pcs.), Chang Bai Li (7.4-7.7 pcs.), Semennaya 214 (7.5-7.8 pcs.). It was revealed that the Xiao he Bai Li variety is characterized by the maximum weight of 1000 seeds (65.2 g). Analysis of accessions by seed yield established that a consistently high yield is observed in the varieties Chang Bai Li (2.5-4.2 %), Vernaya (3.96-4.18 %) and forms SK-1 (2.0-3.25%), SK-2 (2.25-2.75 %), SK-3 (1.43-4.0 %). Pear rootstock forms Chang Bai Li, Vernaya, Semennaya 214, SK-1, SK-2, SK-3 were identifi ed, which can be recommended for production testing as seed pear rootstocks for the conditions of the steppe zone of the Southern Urals.

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Efficiency of winter wheat protection systems in the Steppe zone of Ukraine under irrigation

Taurian Scientific Herald ◽

10.32851/2226-0099.2020.112.8 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 62-68

Author(s):

S.O. Zaiets ◽

O.L. Rudik ◽

L.I. Onufran ◽

K.S. Fundyrat

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Steppe Zone ◽

Protection Systems

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Comparative evaluation of seed productivity rapeseed (brassica napus), camelina (camelina sativa) and white mustard (sinapis alba) in conditions forest-steppe zone of Prebaikalia

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/548/2/022083 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 548 ◽

pp. 022083

Author(s):

R A Sagirova ◽

T B Vlasova ◽

S V Shapenkova

Keyword(s):

Brassica Napus ◽

Comparative Evaluation ◽

Steppe Zone ◽

Sinapis Alba ◽

Camelina Sativa ◽

Forest Steppe ◽

White Mustard ◽

Seed Productivity

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Planting depth - effective agricultural practice perventing lodging of seedstalks of onion seeds

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202022404011 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 224 ◽

pp. 04011

Author(s):

V. E. Lazko ◽

O V Yakimova

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Biochemical Composition ◽

Soil Layer ◽

Breeding Site ◽

Soil Horizon ◽

Agricultural Practice ◽

Seed Productivity ◽

Planting Depth ◽

Negative Effect ◽

Very High

At the breeding site of the winter onion variety Ellan, the effect of the planting depth of mother bulbs of two fractions on lodging of stems and seed productivity was studied. It was found that in winter, with the depth of planting the bulbs in the soil horizon, the processes of differentiation and the formation of microstalks noticeably slow down, and the biochemical composition of the bulbs shows a decrease in the activity of metabolic processes. Thanks to this and the buffering properties of the soil, the safety of plants in winter is very high when planted to a depth of 15 cm. Deeper planting has a negative effect on the growth of leaves. At a planting depth of 15-20 cm, the stems remain upright due to the soil layer. The angle of inclination of 82 ... 86% of the stems is not more than 450 and occupies no more than 50 cm of the width of the projection of the row. When planted to a depth of 10 cm, the stems crumble, agronomic measures, the phytosanitary state of seed production and harvesting are hampered. It was found that the effect of bulb size on seed productivity of one stem is 42%. The increase in planting for the yield of one plant and the yield is 44 ... 45%. When setting seed onions, it is recommended to plant uterine bulbs to a depth of 15 cm. This planting depth ensures the maximum safety of the bulbs in winter, excludes lodging of the stems and the maximum possible seed yield. There is no need for additional hilling or tying of the stems, as with a planting depth of 10 cm.

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Biochemical composition of emmer wheat (Triticum Dicoccum (Schrank) Schuebl) grain depending on the variety

Agrobìologìâ ◽

10.33245/2310-9270-2020-157-1-111-119 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 111-119

Author(s):

N. Osokina ◽

V. Lubich ◽

V. Novikov ◽

I. Leshchenko

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Biochemical Composition ◽

Chemical Elements ◽

Starch Content ◽

Ash Content ◽

Emmer Wheat ◽

Wheat Grain ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

New Varieties ◽

Biochemical Components

The article presents the research results of the biochemical composition of grain – the content of protein, starch, ash, chemical elements in wheat grains (emmer, soft). The sedimentation index according to Zelen test, and the proportion of chemical elements in the grain ash were determined. It is known that the grain of diff erent wheat varieties diff er in size and content of anatomical components, which aff ects its biochemical composition. Modern wheat varieties can form grain with the protein content of about 20 %. Emmer is of high value as a raw material for dietary food. Biochemical components of emmer wheat grain, especially of new varieties, are poorly investigated. Therefore, studies on the biochemical composition of emmer wheat grain new varieties and lines are relevant. The aim of the study was to investigate the issue of then emmer wheat biochemical components, depending on the genotype. To properly evaluate the crop, the tasks of the study were performed – the protein and starch content, number of falls, ash content, trace element content, sedimentation index according to Zelen test were determined. The studies were conducted during 2017–2019 with Holikovska emmer wheat variety and LP 1152 line, grown under the Right-bank forest steppe. It was found that the biochemical composition of wheat grain (emmer, soft) signifi cantly depends on the varietal characteristics, agri-technical and weather conditions. The highest protein content and sedimentation index according to the Zelen test had the LP 1152 wheat line – 16.2 % and 53.9 cm3, respectively. In Holikovska emmer variety, these indicators were at the level of soft wheat Odessa Epoch variety – 13.8 % and 45.8 cm3 respectively. Protein content has greatly varied over the years of research. In emmer wheat grain – from 15.2 to 17.3 %, and in Holikovska variety – from 11.7 to 15.3 %. There is a strong correlation between protein content in grain and sedimentation index according to Zelen test. The starch content varied from 48.5 to 69.1 % in Holikovska variety grain and from 50.0 to 61.7 % in LP 1152 line grain. The alpha amylase activity of wheat varieties has been low throughout the research years. The average ash content of Holikovska wheat grain was 1.81 %, the LP 1152 line was 1.95 %, which is 19–22 % higher compared to the standard varieties, respectively, the variety Akratos and Age of Odessa. Emmer wheat grain has a signifi cantly higher content of phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, magnesium, calcium, iron, zinc and copper. Key words: wheat, emmer, variety, biochemical composition, protein, starch, chemical elements, sedimentation.

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The effectiveness of herbicides in winter wheat in the steppe zone of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania

Agrarian Bulletin of the ◽

10.32417/1997-4868-2020-193-2-20-26 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 193 (2) ◽

pp. 20-26

Author(s):

A. Tedeyeva ◽

A. Abayev ◽

V. Tedeyeva ◽

Natalia Khokhoeva

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Economic Assessment ◽

Steppe Zone ◽

North Caucasus ◽

Scientific Center ◽

Average Value ◽

The North ◽

Russian Scientific ◽

The Republic ◽

North Ossetia

Abstract. The authors present the results of the use of herbicides on winter wheat crops in the steppe zone of North Ossetia-Alania. The purpose of the work is to study the effectiveness of the use of herbicides in winter wheat crops. The object of research is two varieties of winter wheat – Trio and Utrish, which differ in maturity, susceptibility to leaf-stem pathogens. The novelty lies in the fact that for the first time in the steppe zone of the Mozdok region, in the research and production department of the North Caucasus Research Institute of Mining and Piedmont Agriculture of the All-Russian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the effectiveness of the use of herbicides in winter wheat crops was studied, an economic assessment of the studied agricultural techniques was given. Methods. The counts and observations were carried out according to generally accepted methods described in the “Educational-methodical guide for conducting research in agronomy”. Results. As a result of the use of herbicides and their tank mixture, it contributed to a significant reduction in the number of weeds (the percentage of death in the bumping phase varied between 55.9–81.1 % compared to the control). The removal of mineral nutrition elements by weeds was: nitrogen – 72.6 kg/ha, phosphorus – 14.4 kg/ha, potassium-52.4 kg/ha. Herbicides had a positive effect on photosynthetic activity. The leaf area during its maximum development (earing phase) according to the studied variants increased by 12.7–16.4 %, and the photosynthetic potential – by 13.7–17.8 %. The PPF for the studied options (the average value for the growing season) increased by 0.34–0.51 g/m2 per day. The studied drugs contributed to a significant increase in productivity. The largest increase was obtained according to the option: Grench (5 g/ha) + Luvaram (800 ml / ha) – 2.39–2.60 t/ha. The profitability level in the control (without herbicides) was at the level of 25.7 % (grade Trio), and according to the studied options ranged from 148.7 % (Luvarum 1600 ml / ha) to 169.2 % (Grench 5 g/ha + Luvaram 800 ml/ha).

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Economic and bioenergetic evaluation of seed cultivation of winter wheat triticale varieties in western Forest-Steppe zone

Foothill and mountain agriculture and stockbreeding ◽

10.32636/01308521.2018-(64)-5 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 55-64

Author(s):

Valentyna Hlyva ◽

◽

Ihor Voloshchuk ◽

Halyna Hereshko ◽

Oksana Kovalchuk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Steppe Zone ◽

Forest Steppe

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Reserves for the Increase of Yield and Quality of Winter Wheat Grain and Their Dependence on the Heterogeneity of Crops in the Conditions of the Steppe Zone of the Orenburg Urals, Russia

South of Russia ecology development ◽

10.18470/1992-1098-2020-1-79-88 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 79-88

Author(s):

Yu. A. Gulyanov ◽

A. A. Chibilyov ◽

A. A. Chibilyov Jr.

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Grain Quality ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Steppe Zone ◽

Mineral Fertilizers ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Wheat Grain ◽

Yield And Quality

Aim. Verification of scientific concepts regarding the spatial heterogeneity of field agrocenoses. Identification of the variability of phytometric and structural crop ndicators and determination of the degree of their influence on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain in the steppe zone of the Orenburg Urals.Material and Methods. Establishment of field experiments, related observations and counts in accordance with the methodology of state variety crops testing and B.A.Dospekhov's guidelin. Monitoring of winter wheat crops was carried by measuring the vegetation index (NDVI) with a Green Seeker Handheld Crop Sensor, Model HCS‐100 (Trimble, USA). Determination of grain quality indicators was conducted according to GOST 9353‐2016 Wheat – Technical Conditions. Microsoft Office Excel was employed for the correlation and regression analysis of experimental data. Results. Analysis of the intra‐field heterogeneity of winter wheat agrocenoses in terms of yield and grain quality was conducted. The dependences of yield and grain quality on the principal crop phytometric and structural parameters were defined and expressed in the form of regression equations.Сonclusion. The results of the studies attest to the growth of reserves of grain yield to 3.0 t/ha and grain quality to class I‐II class in zonal climatic conditions of optimization of environmental factors to the level of the best basic plots by levelling out field soil heterogeneity. This is possible by restoring the fertility of anthropogenically‐degraded soil through the introduction of landscape‐adaptive and resource saving farming systems, soil protective and soil restorative crop rotation, differentiated application of organic and mineral fertilizers and selection of the most adaptive varieties. We also advise the introduction of intelligent ‘digital technologies’ aimed at fuller implementation of the genetic potential of cultivated varieties with careful consideration of natural resources and the preservation of biological diversity.

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