OLIGOMERIC GUANIDINE-CONTAINING PROTON CATIONIC IONIC LIQUID

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 304-310
Author(s):  
M.YA. VORTMAN ◽  
◽  
V.N. LEMESHKO ◽  
L.A. GONCHARENKO ◽  
S.M. KOBYLINSKIY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Amorphous Structure ◽  
Aliphatic Chain ◽  
Minimum Surface Tension ◽  
Separation Of Gas Mixtures

Oligomeric ionic liquids occupy an intermediate position between low molecular weight and polymeric. They are promising as polymer electrolytes in electrochemical devices for various purposes, membranes for the separation of gas mixtures, in sensor technologies, and so on. Oligomeric guanidinium ionic liquids are practically not described in the literature. In terms of studying the effect of the structure of the epoxy component on the properties of oligomeric ionic liquids of this type, it is advisable to introduce into its composition an aliphatic oligoether component. The choice of aliphatic oligoepoxide for the synthesis of guanidinium oligomeric ionic liquids is based on the fact that it is structurally similar to poly - and oligoethylene oxides, which are known to be non-toxic, biodegradable, and reactive oligomeric ionic liquids at elevated temperatures. A new type of reactive oligomeric proton cationic ionic liquid was synthesized by the reaction of oligomeric aliphatic diepoxide with guanidine, followed by neutralization of the product with hydrochloric acid. In this study, the synthesis of proton cationic oligomeric ionic liquids was based on the introduction of guanidinium fragments as end groups of the oligoether aliphatic chain. This reaction is attractive because of the ease of opening the oxirane ring with such a strong nucleophile as guanidine.The reaction forms a fragment with an aliphatic C-N bond, which retains the high basicity of the nitrogen atom. Its structure is characterized by the presence of guanidinium groups at the ends of the aliphatic hydroxyl-containing oligoether chain. The chemical structure of this compound is characterized by IR -, 1H ,13 C NMR spectroscopy methods, and its molecular mass characteristics are determined.The average molecular weight of the synthesized oligomeric ionic liquids is 610 g / mol.The value of the coefficient of polydispersity of the synthesized oligomeric ionic liquids is equal to 1.2. Determination of the content of amino groups in the guanidine-containing oligomer in the basic form by titrometric method allowed to establish that the value found is close to the theoretically calculated value. The synthesized oligomeric proton ionic liquid is characterized by an amorphous structure with two glass transition temperatures. The first lies in the range -70 °C, the second in the region of 70 °C, and the beginning of thermal oxidative destruction is located in the region of 148 °C. The temperature dependence of the ionic conductivity for this compound is nonlinear in the Arrhenius coordinates, which indicates the realization of ionic conductivity mainly due to the free volume in the system. The proton conductivity of this compound is 6.4·10-5–1·10-2Cm/cmin the range of 20–100 °C. The obtained compound exhibits surface-active properties characteristic of classical surfactants, as evidenced by the value of the limiting surface activity – 2.8·102 Nm2 / kmol. The value of CCM is 1.8·10-2 mol/l., and the value of the minimum surface tension – 37.70 mN / m. The synthesized oligomeric ionic liquid is of interest as electrolytes operating under anhydrous conditions, surfactants, disinfectants, and starting reagents for the synthesis of ion-containing blockopolymers.

scholarly journals 2D assemblies of ionic liquid crystals based on imidazolium moieties: formation of ion-conductive layers

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 4471-4477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junji Sakuda ◽  
Masafumi Yoshio ◽  
Takahiro Ichikawa ◽  
Hiroyuki Ohno ◽  
Takashi Kato
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Liquid Crystals ◽  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Imidazolium Ionic Liquids ◽  
Ionic Liquid Crystals

Organization of imidazolium ionic liquids into 2D ion-conductive pathways enhances the ionic conductivity of the imidazolium-based ionic liquid crystals.

scholarly journals Developing Machine Learning Models for Ionic Conductivity of Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pratik Dhakal ◽  
Jindal Shah
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Liquid Mixtures ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Ideal Behavior ◽  
Original Dataset ◽  
Machine Learning Models

In this work, we have developed machine learning models based on support vector machine (SVM) and artificial neural network (ANN) to correlate ionic conductivity of imidazolium-based ionic liquids. The data, collected from the NIST ILThermo Database, spans six orders of magnitude and ranges from 275-475 K. Both models were found to exhibit very good performance. The ANN-model was then used to predict ionic conductivity for all the possible combinations of cations and anions contained in the original dataset, which led to the identification of an ionic liquid with 30% higher ionic conductivity than the highest conductivity reported in the database at 298 K. The model was further employed to predict ionic conductivity of binary ionic liquid mixtures. A large number of ionic liquid mixtures were found to possess non-ideal behavior in that an intermediate mole fraction for such ionic liquid mixtures resulted in either a maximum or minimum in the ionic conductivity.

Pyridinium-clubbed dicationic ionic liquid electrolytes for efficient next-generation photo harvesting

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 6990-6996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Dhar ◽  
Nadavala Siva Kumar ◽  
Mohammad Asif ◽  
Rohit L. Vekariya
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Photovoltaic Devices ◽  
Excellent Thermal Stability ◽  
Liquid Electrolytes ◽  
Dicationic Ionic Liquid ◽  
Dicationic Ionic Liquids

A new series of pyridinium based dicationic ionic liquids was designed and synthesized. The synthesized ionic liquids have excellent thermal stability and good ionic conductivity. They can be used as electrolytes in photovoltaic devices.

scholarly journals Is a medium-range order pre-peak possible for ionic liquids without an aliphatic chain?

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (63) ◽  
pp. 50938-50941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Campetella ◽  
Serena De Santis ◽  
Ruggero Caminiti ◽  
Paolo Ballirano ◽  
Claudia Sadun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Range Order ◽  
Aliphatic Chain ◽  
Medium Range Order ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Alkyl Chains ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Medium Range ◽  
Ray Scattering

The pre-peak in the X-ray scattering patterns of ionic liquids is not always due to alkyl chains. In choline–proline (a bio-compatible ionic liquid), it is due to second-shell cation–cation distances.

A Study on Permeabilities and Selectivities of Small-Molecule Gases for Composite Ionic Liquid and Polymer Membranes

2013 ◽  
Vol 448-453 ◽  
pp. 765-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhe Liang ◽  
Quan Gan ◽  
Paul Nancarrow
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Gas Separation ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Polymer Membranes ◽  
Porous Polymer ◽  
Separation Performance ◽  
Thermal Stabilities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Supported Ionic Liquid Membranes

In recent years, the utilisation of ionic liquids supported on porous polymer membranes has been demonstrated to enhance gas separation performance by improving both permeability and selectivity for several industrially-relevant gas mixtures. However, the use of such supported ionic liquid membranes (SILMs) is normally not feasible at elevated process temperatures due to the resulting decrease in ionic liquid viscosity, which can lead to increased loss of ionic liquid from the membrane support during operation. In addition, many of the polymer membranes typically used in SILMs exhibit relatively poor mechanical and thermal stabilities at high temperatures. To overcome these problems associated with SILMs, thermally-stable composite ionic liquid and polymer membranes (CILPMs) have been fabricated in this study, thus exploiting the beneficial properties of ionic liquids for gas separation at elevated temperatures. Poly (pyromellitimide-co-4,4-oxydianiline) (PMDA-ODA PI) in combination with the ionic liquid, [C4mi [NTf2] were used to fabricate the CILPMs. A measurement rig was designed and built to determine permeabilities and selectivities of the CILPMs for H2, N2, CO, CO2 and CH4 over a range of pressures and temperatures. The fabricated CILPMs were shown to maintain excellent mechanical and thermal stability over a wide range of processing conditions. Temperature was shown to greatly affect both permeability and selectivity of the membranes, whilst pressure had less influence. The incorporation of [C4mi [NTf2] into the membranes was found to significantly increase CO2 permeation and, therefore, it is anticipated that these CILPMs hold significant potential for CO2 separation applications.

Characterisation of Polymer Electrolytes Based on High Molecular Weight PVC and BMIMCF3SO3

2016 ◽  
Vol 705 ◽  
pp. 150-154
Author(s):  
Nik Aisyah Suraya Nik Zulkepeli ◽  
Tan Winie ◽  
R.H.Y. Subban
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Ionic Conductivity ◽  
Polymer Electrolytes ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Solution Cast ◽  
Polymer Host ◽  
Cast Technique

Polymer electrolyte films of poly (vinyl) chloride (PVC) as polymer host doped with ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethasulfonate (BMIMCF3SO3) were prepared by solution cast technique. Ionic conductivity was studied for 95 wt.% and 80 wt.% PVC by using Impedance Spectroscopy (IS). Arrhenius and Vogel-Tamman Fulcher (VTF) behavior were observed before and after Tg of the systems. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) study confirmed that complexation occurred between PVC and BMIMCF3SO3.

scholarly journals Rapid pretreatment of Miscanthus using the low-cost ionic liquid triethylammonium hydrogen sulfate at elevated temperatures

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 3486-3498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence J. V. Gschwend ◽  
Francisco Malaret ◽  
Somnath Shinde ◽  
Agnieszka Brandt-Talbot ◽  
Jason P. Hallett
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Promising Method ◽  
Renewable Fuels ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfate

Deconstruction with low-cost ionic liquids (ionoSolv) is a promising method to pre-condition lignocellulosic biomass for the production of renewable fuels, materials and chemicals.

Investigation of an Ionic Liquid As a High-Temperature Electrolyte for Silicon-Lithium Systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Rudolf ◽  
Corey Love ◽  
Marriner Merrill
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Solid State ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Solid State Electrolytes

Abstract Electrolytes for lithium ion batteries which work over a wide range of temperatures are of interest in both research and applications. Unfortunately, most traditional electrolytes are unstable at high temperatures. As an alternative, solid state electrolytes are sometimes used. These are inherently safer because they have no flammable vapors, and solid state electrolytes can operate at high temperatures, but they typically suffer from very low conductivity at room temperatures. Therefore, they have had limited use. Another option which has been previously explored is the use of ionic liquids. Ionic liquids are liquid salts, with nominally zero vapor pressure. Many are liquid over the temperature of interest (20–200°C). And, there is a tremendous range of available chemistries that can be incorporated into ionic liquids. So, ionic liquids with chemistries that are compatible with lithium ion systems have been developed and demonstrated experimentally at room temperature. In this study, we examined a silicon-lithium battery cycling at room temperature and over 150°C. Using half-cell vial and split-cell structures, we examined a standard electrolyte (LiPF6) at room temperature, and an ionic liquid electrolyte (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluorosulfonyl)imide) at room temperature and up to ∼150°C. The ionic liquid used was a nominally high purity product purchased from Sigma Aldrich. It was selected based on results reported in the open literature. The anode used was a wafer of silicon, and the cathode used was an alumina-coated lithium chip. The cells were cycled either 1 or 5 times (charge/discharge) in an argon environment at constant current of 50 μA between 1.5 and 0.05 volts. The results for the study showed that at room temperature, we could successfully cycle with both the standard electrolyte and the lithium ion electrolyte. As expected, there was large-scale fracture of the silicon wafer with the extent of cracking having some correlation with first cycle time. We were unable to identify any electrolyte-specific change in the electrochemical behavior between the standard electrolyte and the ionic liquid at room temperature. Although the ionic liquid was successfully used at room temperature, when the temperature was increased, it behaved very differently and no cells were able to successfully cycle. Video observations during cycling (∼1 day) showed that flocs or debris were forming in the ionic liquid and collecting on the electrode surface. The ionic liquid also discolored during the test. Various mechanisms were considered for this behavior, and preliminary tests will be presented. All materials were stable at room temperature, and the degradation appeared to be linked to the electrochemical process. As a conclusion, our working hypothesis is that, particularly at elevated temperatures, ionic liquid cleanliness and purity can be far more important than at room temperature, and small impurities can cause significant hurdles. This creates an important barrier to research efforts, because the “same” ionic liquids could cause failure in one situation and not in another due to impurities.

Amine Terminated Reactive Liquid Polymers; Modification of Thermoset Resins

1981 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 374-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. Riew
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Secondary Amide ◽  
Amine Group ◽  
Low Viscosity ◽  
End Groups ◽  
Liquid Polymers ◽  
Reactive Liquid

Abstract Amine terminated reactive liquid polymers (AT-RLP) are synthesized from corresponding carboxyl terminated reactive liquid polymers (CT-RLP) and diamines. The CT-RLPs have a functionality of close to two, the average molecular weight ranging from 2500 to 4000, and Brookfield viscosity ranging from 30 to 600 Pa · s at 27°C. AT-RLPs made from the CT-RLPs have about the same physical properties as the CT-RLPs given above. N-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine (AEP2) is the best diamine among the diamines tried to produce low viscosity and low molecular weight AT-RLPs. Structure of end-groups of AT-RLP is unequivocally identified as a secondary amide and a secondary amine group resulting from the reaction of carboxyl end-groups of CT-RLP and a primary amine group of AEP,. The AT-RLP can be used as a modifier for epoxy resins at room or elevated temperatures to produce castable formulations with properties ranging from plastics to elastomers. The formulations may be useful as a modifier for improvement of crack and/or impact resistance of normally brittle epoxy plastics, as castable elastomers, paints and coatings, sealants, adhesives, especially as solventless adhesives for conveyor belts, hoses, shoes, and as binders for woven or non-woven fibers and cords.

Synthesis of bio-based polycarbonate via one-step melt polycondensation of isosorbide and dimethyl carbonate by dual site-functionalized ionic liquid catalysts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zifeng Yang ◽  
Xue Li ◽  
Fei Xu ◽  
Weiwei Wang ◽  
Yongqing Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Dimethyl Carbonate ◽  
Synthetic Pathway ◽  
Melt Polycondensation ◽  
Direct Melt Polycondensation ◽  
One Step ◽  
Dual Site

A synthetic pathway for high molecular weight isosorbide-based polycarbonate was developed via one-step direct melt polycondensation of isosorbide and dimethyl carbonate catalyzed by dual site-functionalized ionic liquids.

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