scholarly journals LABOR IN THE 21ST CENTURY: CHALLENGES OF POST-FORDISM / NEOLIBERALISM AND THE SITUATION OF WORKING PEOPLE IN THE MODERN GLOBAL WORLD

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-81
Author(s):  
VITALINA BUTKALIUK
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Quality Of Working Life ◽  
Working People ◽  
High Utility ◽  
Political Configuration ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Impact

The article examines the current problems of the global sphere of work and employment. The author historically assesses the causes and consequences of the structural transformations of the economy and social and labor relations as a result of the transition of the capitalist economy from fordism and keynesianism to post-fordism and neoliberalism at the end of the 20th century. Based on the analysis of a significant array of statistical and sociological information the author concludes that in the conditions of neoliberal economic globalization, labor has undergone significant changes in comparison with the period of the "glorious post-war thirty years" of capitalism. The implementation of radical economic reforms has led to an increase in employment vulnerability and a decrease in the quality of working life for many categories of workers in the modern world. The decline in the share of labor in GDP, the lag in wage growth rates from labor productivity, and the widespread incidence of informal and vulnerable employment, characteristic of this period, have become the main reasons for the growth of socioeconomic inequality and widespread poverty and poverty in the working environment in recent decades. Having considered the impact of the current process of automation, robotization and digitalization of the global economy, the author concludes that without changing the socio-economic and political configuration of the structure of the modern world, the potentially high utility of the latest achievements of science and technology will be significantly limited and subordinated mainly to the economic interests of capital owners, and will not work for the benefit of all humanity and social progress. The article pays special attention to studying the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of their impact on the position of employees in the modern world.

scholarly journals HORIZONS OF RESEARCH IN GEOGRAPHY OF THE WORLD ECONOMY

HERALD ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (20) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Alexandrovich Kolosov ◽  
Elena Alexandrovna Grechko ◽  
Xenia Vladimirovna Mironenko ◽  
Elena Nikolayevna Samburova ◽  
Nikolay Alexandrovich Sluka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Modern World ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

The advent of "world economic transition" and the formation of a multipolar world is closely linked, according to experts, with loss of globalization advances, which strengthens regionalism, increases diversification and fragmentation of the modern world, creating risks and threats to the world development. In this light studying the spatial organization of the global economy becomes more important, and at the same time that complicates the choice of priorities in the research activities of the Department of geography of the world economy, Faculty of Geography, Moscow State Lomonosov University in 2016-20, requiring a new research “ideology”. The article summarizes some ideas expressed by the department staff. It specifies that concept of territorial division of labor, as well as the defined set of key actors in the world economy and common assumptions regarding their contributions to its development needs a significant revision. The above firstly concerns giant developing countries, in particular rapidly growing China – a kind of locomotive entraining other developing states. Further, the impact of multinationals on the overall architecture and the territorial organization of the global economy becomes more and more tangible. This phenomenon requires the creation of a new scientific area of concern – the corporate geography as a tool to thoroughly investigate the transnational division of labor. Changes in the balance of acting forces are closely related to changes in industry composition and spatial organization of the global economy. The article raises the issues of development of such processes as tertiarization of the economy, reindustrialization and neoindustrialization, the latter being understood as an evolutionary transition to a knowledge-intensive, high-tech, mass labor-replacing and environmentally efficient industrial production. Basing on preliminary research from the standpoint of a relatively new methodological approach – formation of value chains – the vector of "geographical transition" " in their creation from developed to developing countries was designated. This means increasing complexity of the territorial structure of the world economy and an increase in the importance of semi-periphery. A spatial projection of globalization processes in the form of emerging “archipelago of cities”, which consolidates the international network of TNCs as the supporting node frame of the global economy requires close attention and analysis. The need of comprehending the study scope in the field of geography of the world economy in medium Atlas Information Systems (AIS), which in terms of functionality belong to the upper class of electronic atlases, is noted.

Nostalgia and the post-war Labour Party

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Jobson
Keyword(s):  
Political Development ◽  
Class Struggle ◽  
Internal Conflict ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The Past ◽  
Socioeconomic Changes ◽  
Grassroots Level ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Policy Discussion

This book examines the impact that nostalgia has had on the Labour Party’s political development since 1951. In contrast to existing studies that have emphasised the role played by modernity, it argues that nostalgia has defined Labour’s identity and determined the party’s trajectory over time. It outlines how Labour, at both an elite and a grassroots level, has been and remains heavily influenced by a nostalgic commitment to an era of heroic male industrial working-class struggle. This commitment has hindered policy discussion, determined the form that the modernisation process has taken and shaped internal conflict and cohesion. More broadly, Labour’s emotional attachment to the past has made it difficult for the party to adjust to the socioeconomic changes that have taken place in Britain. In short, nostalgia has frequently left the party out of touch with the modern world. In this way, this book offers an assessment of Labour’s failures to adapt to the changing nature and demands of post-war Britain.

scholarly journals Impact of Covid-19 on the Global Economy and Migration

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 251-260
Author(s):  
Maryam Adli ◽  
Amama Saleem ◽  
Tamima Saleem ◽  
Hawa Adli ◽  
Maria Adli
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
World Health ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The World ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Immigrant Detention ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

The World Health Organization stated COVID-19 a global pandemic, it has quickly spread all over the world, posing immense health, environmental and social challenges to the global population. The coronavirus outbreak is critically interrupting the global trade and has shattered the core sustaining pillars of the modern world economies. Concerns have been raised about policy changes, enforcement actions, immigrant detention, and deportation practices during the outbreak. The impact of COVID-19 on these trends implies new dimensions for global governance and organizations. This article seeks to highlight Azerbaijan's problems in the context of the battle against a pandemic. Because a country's economy has been impacted, a comprehensive study may give a better understanding of the results, illuminating the areas that require more assistance and growth.

scholarly journals SECURITY MARKET UNDER CONDITIONS OF COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Т. Коchetova ◽  
А. Sovgir
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Securities Market ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Security Market ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Demographic Indicators ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Statistics ◽  
The Impact

The article is devoted to the analysis of the state of the international securities market during a pandemic. The fundamentals of the functioning of the securities market, technologies for conducting various transactions with securities during the quarantine period associated with the Covid-19 epidemic are considered. The results of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the global economy at the end of 2020 were reviewed. The study uses an analytical approach based on the analysis of global statistics on COVID-19. The main negative trends of the modern world economy caused by the increase in economic costs under the influence of the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic are summarized. The study used demographic indicators of the countries of the world, data on the dynamics of oil prices, stock indices, and statistical data on world trade. Based on the analysis of economic policy measures taken in the leading countries of the world to smooth out the negative consequences of the spread of the global COVID-19 pandemic, proposals were formulated for the economic policy of conducting operations in the securities market in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals The Quantitative Analysis of Workers’ Stress Due to Working Environment in the Production System of the Automobile Part Manufacturing Industry

Mathematics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Omair ◽  
Misbah Ullah ◽  
Baishakhi Ganguly ◽  
Sahar Noor ◽  
Shahid Maqsood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Production System ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Average Stress ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
The Impact

Production now requires the management of production processes and operations on the basis of customers’ demand to ensure the best combination of technology and humans in the system. The role of the humans in the production process is very significant for the production and quality of the product. The production system depends upon technology and human factors and is highly influenced by the working conditions of the workers, that is, work load, physical, dealings, job timings and so forth. In the current global economy, minimizing production costs is a serious priority for the industries. However, the costs of bad working conditions increase the intensity of the average stress among employees to cause extra costs by affecting the workers’ efficiency and products’ quality, which is invisible in the eyes of decision makers. This research identifies the cost of workers’ stress by developing a linkage between the economic benefits of the firms and the social upgrading of the workers. A numerical example of a production based system is performed to represent the real-time application of the proposed model. A sensitivity analysis is also carried out to quantify the impact of average stress among workers on the production system. Sequential quadratic programming is used to optimize the given nonlinear model for production planning. The optimal results influence ergonomics awareness and the relationship with the safety culture among managers in a firm. It is concluded that efficient and effective production cannot be possible without considering the working conditions of humans in the firm. Managerial insights are also generated from the implications of the results and sensitivity analysis.

scholarly journals Education and Development: Efforts to Measure Human Well-Being

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1311-1318
Author(s):  
Adalat Muradov, Yadulla Hasanli, Fargana Musayeva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Progress ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Economic Organizations ◽  
Education And Development ◽  
The Impact

It is evident from research on economic and social progress that economic growth does not always lead to social progress but, in some cases, leads to increased socio-political tension, social inequality and poverty. Even having increased production of aggregate product on background, the state of the population is deteriorating and economic growth does not provide for a fair distribution of income. A new approach to the concept of economic development began in the global economy in the late XX century. According to these approaches, economic growth cannot be considered as the main purpose and the indicator of development. In addition to economic growth, there are a number of indicators and their mutual relationship promote human development and well-being. This article examines the correlation between indicators characterizing the welfare of the population and economic growth, comparing the position of Azerbaijan in the accounts of international economic organizations on the relevant indicators. The authors did a comparative analysis with other countries, the impact of human development on people's incomes and the role of education in the wellbeing of the population.

Global dimension of labor inequality

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-93
Author(s):  
VITALINA BUTKALIUK
Keyword(s):  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
National Income ◽  
Global Dimension ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Sociological Approach ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

The transition of the world economy from Keynesianism to neoliberalism at the end of the twentieth century entailed tectonic shifts in the sphere of labor and employment. The organization of the production process on neoliberal principles under the conditions of the post-Fordist regime of capital accumulation has led to instability and insecurity of employment, a high level of labor underutilization, widespread labor poverty, as well as the rapidly increasing inequality that threatens social development today and stability of society. Based on the economic-sociological approach the author examines the reasons for the expansion and the specifics of the manifestation of inequality in the world of work in the context of the post-Fordist neoliberal reform of the global economic system. The article characterizes the key trends in the functioning of the labor market, contributing to the increase in inequality over the past decades (a decrease of the labor share in the national income, a reduction in the relationship between productivity and wages growth, the erosion of the trade union movement and the destruction of the welfare state). The main attention is paid to the study of the phenomenon of labor income inequality, its dynamics and forms of manifestation in the modern world, as well as to identify the impact on this type of inequality, both individual characteristics of workers and the characteristics of the industry, size of the enterprise, as well as the level of socio-economic development of the country. Based on the study of these processes, the author concludes that the redistribution of income in favor of capital and their high differentiation are the quintessence of neoliberal capitalism. The economic and political depletion of nation states in the context of neoliberal reforms led to their low resources, insufficient either to carry out a broad social policy and help those in need, or to adequately combat the consequences of crises characteristic of capitalism or any force majeure situations, such as, for example, the current COVID-19 pandemic. To get the global economy out of the current crisis requires the implementation of fundamental changes not only in the field of economic policy, but also in the entire system of distribution of public goods.

Forecasting US movies box office performances in Turkey using machine learning algorithms

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 6579-6590
Author(s):  
Sandy Çağlıyor ◽  
Başar Öztayşi ◽  
Selime Sezgin
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Forecast Model ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Gradient Boosting ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Box Office ◽  
Industry Forecast ◽  
The Impact

The motion picture industry is one of the largest industries worldwide and has significant importance in the global economy. Considering the high stakes and high risks in the industry, forecast models and decision support systems are gaining importance. Several attempts have been made to estimate the theatrical performance of a movie before or at the early stages of its release. Nevertheless, these models are mostly used for predicting domestic performances and the industry still struggles to predict box office performances in overseas markets. In this study, the aim is to design a forecast model using different machine learning algorithms to estimate the theatrical success of US movies in Turkey. From various sources, a dataset of 1559 movies is constructed. Firstly, independent variables are grouped as pre-release, distributor type, and international distribution based on their characteristic. The number of attendances is discretized into three classes. Four popular machine learning algorithms, artificial neural networks, decision tree regression and gradient boosting tree and random forest are employed, and the impact of each group is observed by compared by the performance models. Then the number of target classes is increased into five and eight and results are compared with the previously developed models in the literature.

Globalization and interconfessional communications

2001 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Serhii Viktorovych Svystunov
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Modern World ◽  
The World ◽  
Target Set ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Rapid Appearance

In the 21st century, the world became a sign of globalization: global conflicts, global disasters, global economy, global Internet, etc. The Polish researcher Casimir Zhigulsky defines globalization as a kind of process, that is, the target set of characteristic changes that develop over time and occur in the modern world. These changes in general are reduced to mutual rapprochement, reduction of distances, the rapid appearance of a large number of different connections, contacts, exchanges, and to increase the dependence of society in almost all spheres of his life from what is happening in other, often very remote regions of the world.

Peculiarities of Modern Dynamics of the Global Economy

2010 ◽  
pp. 78-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Klinov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Business Cycles ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Long Waves ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Business Taxation ◽  
Modern World ◽  
China And India ◽  
World Economic

Rates and factors of modern world economic growth and the consequences of rapid expansion of the economies of China and India are analyzed in the article. Modification of business cycles and long waves of economic development are evaluated. The need of reforming business taxation is demonstrated.

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