MONITORING AND EVALUATION OF GROUNDWATER LEVELS AT LADNÁ HYDROPEDOLOGICAL PROFILE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Hornová ◽  
◽  
Ivana Černá ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Groundwater Regime ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Level Monitoring

The planned construction of Oder-Danube canal was one of the largest activities, which led to the realization of research projects, which also included construction of boreholes for monitoring groundwater levels. Hydropedological profiles (HP) consist of boreholes, which are situated usually across the route of the canal and across longitudinal axis of valleys or flat Moravian hollows. They belong to basins of Oder, Bečva, Dyje (Thaya) and Morava rivers. First observations started back in 1933, subsequent followed after 1940. Nowadays these objects serve for obtaining general idea about the groundwater regime in valley profiles of these rivers. From geological perspective, these HP profiles are in an area of Quaternary sediments. Groundwater level monitoring at HP is important especially because of relating the profile to a particular watercourse and duration of the continuous monitoring. It can be used for determination of hydraulic link between surface water and groundwater. These values can be very useful especially in the determination of spread of potential groundwater pollutants via surface waters. Aim of the work is to assess course of groundwater levels at the Ladná profile of interest and to evaluate the effect of river engineering of the Dyje River on the groundwater regime, taking into account the drought period. Next aim of the work was to show the relationship with surface waters and evaluate the relationship between individual boreholes and the watercourse in the entire profile. In addition, long-term data series of groundwater level monitoring were used to perform evaluation of course of groundwater levels during various time periods, in particular during the individual reference periods, as specified by the CHMI, i.e. 1931-1960, 1931-1980 and the current reference period 1981-2010. Subsequently, the period 1991-2018 was also analyzed as a period associated with the current situation and finally also the entire period of monitoring, i.e. 1948-2018, a total of 70 years.

Identifying anthropogenic effects into Doñana aquifer (SW Spain) through hydrogram clustering of piezometric database

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Guardiola-Albert ◽  
Nuria Naranjo-Fernández ◽  
Héctor Aguilera ◽  
Esperanza Montero-González
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Time Series Clustering ◽  
Missing Data Imputation ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Aquifer Systems ◽  
Visual Clustering ◽  
Selection Of

<p>Nowadays, the application of time series clustering is increasing in hydrogeology works. Groundwater level long data series provides a useful record to identify different hydrological behaviors and to validate the conceptual model of groundwater flow in aquifer systems. Piezometers also register the response to any changes that directly affect the amount of available groundwater resources (recharge or exploitation).</p><p>What are the expected variations of groundwater levels in an aquifer under high exploitation pressure? In this work, groundwater level time series from 160 piezometers in the hydrological years from 1975 to 2016 were analyzed. Especially, 24 piezometers are deeply studied. Data were preprocessed and transformed: selection of points, missing data imputation and data standardization. Visual clustering, k-means clustering and time series clustering were applied to classify groundwater level hydrographs using the available database. Six and seven groups of piezometers were identified to be associated with the different hydrofacies and extraction rates. Time series clustering was found to be the best method to analyze the studied piezometric database. Moreover, it was possible to characterize actual hydrodynamics, which will be useful for groundwater managers to make sustainable decisions.</p>

scholarly journals Characterising hillslope–stream connectivity with a joint event analysis of stream and groundwater levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 5713-5744
Author(s):  
Daniel Beiter ◽  
Markus Weiler ◽  
Theresa Blume
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract. Hillslope–stream connectivity controls runoff generation, during events and during baseflow conditions. However, assessing subsurface connectivity is a challenging task, as it occurs in the hidden subsurface domain where water flow can not be easily observed. We therefore investigated if the results of a joint analysis of rainfall event responses of near-stream groundwater levels and stream water levels could serve as a viable proxy for hillslope–stream connectivity. The analysis focuses on the extent of response, correlations, lag times and synchronicity. As a first step, a new data analysis scheme was developed, separating the aspects of (a) response timing and (b) extent of water level change. This provides new perspectives on the relationship between groundwater and stream responses. In a second step we investigated if this analysis can give an indication of hillslope–stream connectivity at the catchment scale. Stream water levels and groundwater levels were measured at five different hillslopes over 5 to 6 years. Using a new detection algorithm, we extracted 706 rainfall response events for subsequent analysis. Carrying out this analysis in two different geological regions (schist and marls) allowed us to test the usefulness of the proxy under different hydrological settings while also providing insight into the geologically driven differences in response behaviour. For rainfall events with low initial groundwater level, groundwater level responses often lag behind the stream with respect to the start of rise and the time of peak. This lag disappears at high antecedent groundwater levels. At low groundwater levels the relationship between groundwater and stream water level responses to rainfall are highly variable, while at high groundwater levels, above a certain threshold, this relationship tends to become more uniform. The same threshold was able to predict increased likelihood for high runoff coefficients, indicating a strong increase in connectivity once the groundwater level threshold was surpassed. The joint analysis of shallow near-stream groundwater and stream water levels provided information on the presence or absence and to a certain extent also on the degree of subsurface hillslope–stream connectivity. The underlying threshold processes were interpreted as transmissivity feedback in the marls and fill-and-spill in the schist. The value of these measurements is high; however, time series of several years and a large number of events are necessary to produce representative results. We also find that locally measured thresholds in groundwater levels can provide insight into the connectivity and event response of the corresponding headwater catchments. If the location of the well is chosen wisely, a single time series of shallow groundwater can indicate if the catchment is in a state of high or low connectivity.

scholarly journals COMPLEX OF HAZARD CRITERIA FOR IMPROVEMENT OF HYGIENIC STANDARDS LIST OF CHEMICALS IN WATER

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (11) ◽  
pp. 1099-1102
Author(s):  
R. A. Mamonov ◽  
Z. I. Zholdakova ◽  
O. O. Sinitsyna ◽  
S. M. Yudin ◽  
Irina A. Pechnikova
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Threshold Concentration ◽  
Regulation System ◽  
Carcinogenic Effects ◽  
Relationship Structure ◽  
The Relationship

Analysis of domestic (Russian) and foreign documents revealed the necessity to correct existing standards of chemicals in water according to the new data about previously unexplored toxicological properties including mutagenic, carcinogenic effects, effects on the endocrine system. It is advisable to correct safety levels within the structural sets based on the relationship “structure- biotransformation-activity”. It is necessary to review critically the MACs of aromatic compounds substantiated on the organoleptic sign of harmfulness. The standards of nine carcinogens are proposed to revise with considering the classification and safety levels. Determination of threshold concentration on general sanitary index of harmfulness may be excluded from the regulation system because self-purification processes not sufficient in the Russian climatic conditions are related to ecological indices. This hazard index creates a discrepancy between the assessment of the danger of drinking and surface waters. It is necessary to create unified MACs for groups of substances in view of the forms of their presence in water and matching of toxic mechanism of action in compliance with the principle “unity of standard and method of control”.

scholarly journals Characterizing hillslope-stream connectivity with a joint event analysis of stream and groundwater levels

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Beiter ◽  
Markus Weiler ◽  
Theresa Blume
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract. Hillslope-stream connectivity controls runoff generation, both during events and baseflow conditions. However, assessing subsurface connectivity is a challenging task, as it occurs in the hidden subsurface domain where water flow cannot be easily observed. We therefore investigated if the results of a joint analysis of rainfall event responses of near-stream groundwater levels and stream water levels could serve as a viable proxy for hillslope-stream connectivity. The analysis focuses on the extent of response, correlations, lag times and synchronicity. A newly developed data analysis scheme of separating the aspects of (a) response timing and (b) extent of water level change provides new perspectives on the relationship between groundwater and stream responses. In a second step we investigated if this analysis can give an indication of hillslope-stream connectivity at the catchment scale. Stream- and groundwater levels were measured at five different hillslopes over 5 to 6 years. Using a new detection algorithm we extracted 706 rainfall response events for subsequent analysis. Carrying out this analysis in two different geological regions (schist and marls) allowed us to test the usefulness of the proxy under different hydrological settings while also providing insight into the geologically-driven differences in response behaviour. For rainfall events with low initial groundwater level, groundwater level responses often lag behind the stream with respect to the start of rise and the time of peak. This lag disappears at high antecedent groundwater levels. At low groundwater levels the relationship between groundwater and stream water level responses to rainfall are highly variable, while at high groundwater levels, above a certain threshold, this relationship tends to become more uniform. The same threshold was able to predict increased likelihood for high runoff coefficients, indicating a strong increase in connectivity once the groundwater level threshold was surpassed. The joint analysis of shallow near-stream groundwater and stream water levels provided information on the presence or absence and to a certain extent also on the degree of subsurface hillslope-stream connectivity. The underlying threshold processes were interpreted as transmissivity feedback in the marls and fill-and-spill in the schist. The value of these measurements is high, however, time series of several years and a large number of events are necessary to produce representative results. We also find that locally measured thresholds in groundwater levels can provide insight into catchment-scale connectivity and event response. If the location of the well is chosen wisely, a single time series of shallow groundwater can indicate if the catchment is in a state of high or low connectivity.

scholarly journals Nested-scale discharge and groundwater level monitoring to improve predictions of flow route discharges and nitrate loads

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 8427-8477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. van der Velde ◽  
J. C. Rozemeijer ◽  
G. H. de Rooij ◽  
F. C. van Geer ◽  
P. J. J. F. Torfs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Groundwater Depth ◽  
Nutrient Loads ◽  
Field Site ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Single Field ◽  
Parsimonious Model ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Identifying effective measures to reduce nutrient loads of headwaters in lowland catchments requires a thorough understanding of flow routes of water and nutrients. In this paper we assess the value of nested-scale discharge and groundwater level measurements for predictions of catchment-scale discharge and nitrate loads. In order to relate field-site measurements to the catchment-scale an upscaling approach is introduced that assumes that scale differences in flow route fluxes originate from differences in the relationship between groundwater storage and the spatial structure of the groundwater table. This relationship is characterized by the Groundwater Depth Distribution (GDD) curve that relates spatial variation in groundwater depths to the average groundwater depth. The GDD-curve was measured for a single field site (0.009 km2) and simple process descriptions were applied to relate the groundwater levels to flow route discharges. This parsimonious model could accurately describe observed storage, tube drain discharge, overland flow and groundwater flow simultaneously with Nash-Sutcliff coefficients exceeding 0.8. A probabilistic Monte Carlo approach was applied to upscale field-site measurements to catchment scales by inferring scale-specific GDD-curves from hydrographs of two nested catchments (0.4 and 6.5 km2). The estimated contribution of tube drain effluent (a dominant source for nitrates) decreased with increasing scale from 76–79% at the field-site to 34–61% and 25–50% for both catchment scales. These results were validated by demonstrating that a model conditioned on nested-scale measurements simulates better nitrate loads and better predictions of extreme discharges during validation periods compared to a model that was conditioned on catchment discharge only.

scholarly journals Optimal design of groundwater-level monitoring networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 920-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahimeh Mirzaie-Nodoushan ◽  
Omid Bozorg-Haddad ◽  
Hugo A. Loáiciga
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Groundwater Monitoring ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
Nsga Ii ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Level Monitoring

Abstract Groundwater monitoring plays a significant role in groundwater management. This study presents an optimization method for designing groundwater-level monitoring networks. The proposed design method was used in the Eshtehard aquifer, in central Iran. Three scenarios were considered to optimize the locations of the observation wells: (1) designing new monitoring networks, (2) redesigning existing monitoring networks, and (3) expanding existing monitoring networks. The kriging method was utilized to determine groundwater levels at non-monitoring locations for preparing the design data base. The optimization of the groundwater monitoring network had the objectives of (1) minimizing the root mean square error and (2) minimizing the number of wells. The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) was applied to optimize the network. Inverse distance weighting interpolation was used in NSGA-II to estimate the groundwater levels while optimizing network design. Results of the study indicate that the proposed method successfully optimizes the design of groundwater monitoring networks that achieve accuracy and cost-effectiveness.

scholarly journals Hydro-geological properties of the Savian aquifer in the county Obrenovac

2005 ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dusan Stojadinovic ◽  
Zoran Nikic ◽  
Dusko Isakovic
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Pollution Transport ◽  
Movement Velocity ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Sava River ◽  
Groundwater Regime ◽  
Filtration Properties ◽  
Bearing Layer ◽  
The Sava River

The paper presents a description of hydrogeological researches of alluvial layers of the Sava River in the area of the source "Vic Bare" near Obrenovac. This source supplies groundwater to that town. The depth of these layers amounts to 25 m. With regard to collecting capacity, the most significant are gravel-sand sediments of high filtration properties. Their average depth amounts to about 13 m with the underlying layer made of Pleistocene clays. Compact aquifer is formed within these sediments and it refills partly from the Sava River at places where river cuts its channel into the gravel-sand layer. The analysis of the groundwater regime in the riparian area points out that groundwater levels follow stages of the Sava River. Such an influence lessens with the distance. Established hydraulic connection between the river and the aquifer enables its permanent replenishment. On the other hand, due to certain pollutions this river flow might bring along, it represents a potential danger. Those pollutions could enter water-bearing layer of the aquifer as well as the exploitation well of the source. Such presumptions have been confirmed in the experiment of pollution transport carried out in the water-bearing layer. Unabsorbable chloride was used as a tracer whose movement velocity through exploitation well proved that there were real possibilities of intrusion of aggressive pollutants into the water-bearing layer and into the aquifer as well. Therefore, the protection of the source must be in the function of the protection of surface waters.

scholarly journals Precipitation and Air Temperature Impact on Seasonal Variations of Groundwater Levels

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilva Vitola ◽  
Valdis Vircavs ◽  
Kaspars Abramenko ◽  
Didzis Lauva ◽  
Arturs Veinbergs
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Winter Precipitation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Groundwater Level Fluctuations ◽  
Temperature Impact ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The aim of this study is to clarify seasonal effects of precipitation and temperature on groundwater level changes in monitoring stations of the Latvia University of Agriculture - Mellupīte, Bērze and Auce. Groundwater regime and level fluctuations depend on climatic conditions such as precipitation intensity, evapotranspiration, surface runoff and drainage, as well as other hydrological factors. The relationship between precipitation, air temperature and groundwater level fluctuations could also lead and give different perspective of possible changes in groundwater quality. Using mathematical statistics and graphic-analytic methods it is concluded that autumn and winter precipitation has the dominant impact on groundwater level fluctuations, whereas spring and summer season fluctuations are more dependent on the air temperature.

What Does Human Development Index Rating Mean in Terms of Individualism/Collectivism?

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria José Sotelo ◽  
Luis Gimeno
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Relationship

The authors explore an alternative way of analyzing the relationship between human development and individualism. The method is based on the first principal component of Hofstede's individualism index in the Human Development Index rating domain. Results suggest that the general idea that greater wealth brings more individualism is only true for countries with high levels of development, while for middle or low levels of development the inverse is true.

Thromboplastin Related Differences in the Determination of International Normalised Ratio: A Cause for Concern?

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (03) ◽  
pp. 426-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Kitchen ◽  
I D Walker ◽  
T A L Woods ◽  
F E Preston
Keyword(s):  
Patient Management ◽  
External Quality Assessment ◽  
Oral Anticoagulant Therapy ◽  
Warfarin Dosage ◽  
External Quality ◽  
External Quality Assessment Scheme ◽  
International Normalised Ratio ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryWhen the International Normalised Ratio (INR) is used for control of oral anticoagulant therapy the same result should be obtained irrespective of the laboratory reagent used. However, in the UK National External Quality Assessment Scheme (NEQAS) for Blood Coagulation INRs determined using different reagents have been significantly different.For 18 NEQAS samples Manchester Reagent (MR) was associated with significantly lower INRs than those obtained using Diagen Activated (DA, p = 0.0004) or Instrumentation Laboratory PT-Fib HS (IL, p = 0.0001). Mean INRs for this group were 3.15, 3.61, and 3.65 for MR, DA, and IL respectively. For 61 fresh samples from warfarin-ised patients with INRs of greater than 3.0 the relationship between thromboplastins in respect of INR was similar to that observed for NEQAS data. Thus INRs obtained with MR were significantly lower than with DA or IL (p <0.0001). Mean INRs for this group were 4.01, 4.40, and 4.59 for MR, DA, and IL respectively.We conclude that the differences between INRs measured with the thromboplastins studied here are sufficiently great to influence patient management through warfarin dosage schedules, particularly in the upper therapeutic range of INR. There is clearly a need to address the issues responsible for the observed discrepancies.

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