scholarly journals Economy, Law, and Politics; Choudhury’s Theories and Fundamental Utopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Muslimin
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Class Consciousness ◽  
Law And Politics ◽  
Law And Ethics ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Political Foundations

Masudul  Alam Choudhury agrees that fundamental thinking to construct a new knowledge base is needed when scientific and social conditions tend to be closed and monopolistic. The construction is expected to be able to dismantle the structural veil to find an alternative foundation and format that can be expected to realize social justice. For this reason, law, economics, and social paradigm can be effective instruments. In contrast to Choudhury, Karl Marx emphasized the existence of a new, rational-material awareness that dimensioned an economic struggle based on class consciousness, historical dialectics and materialism as the choice of objectives above. This awareness can be grown contextually, by moving the oppressed to demand equality. So the legal, economic and political foundations can change. While Choudhury focuses more on the transcendental dimension of the divine (tauhid paradigm) which is interpreted comprehensively and totally to dismantle the legal, economic and social order. Thus, the legal, economic and political infrastructure rests on fairness and productivity that remains competitive. The values that are in the divine foundation are arranged in the building of law and ethics (morals) to be integrated into the institution towards the desired reconstruction. However, Choudhury’s ideas remain normative and fail to be translated. It is too utopian.

scholarly journals Bruno Leoni’s Concept of Law and Representation in The Cyber Age: A Cybernetic Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-65
Author(s):  
Mario De Benedetti
Keyword(s):  
Political Theory ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Information Society ◽  
The Political ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Political Arena ◽  
Cybernetic Model ◽  
Norbert Wiener ◽  
Law And Politics ◽  
Concept Of Law

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to contextualize Bruno Leoni’s political theory within the Digital Information Society, a new dimension of public participation in the political arena and a sign of the democratic transition through new forms of involvement by public opinion. In particular, the evolution of the Information Society will be briefly examined starting from the studies of Fritz Machlup, considered its progenitor, to pass to the examination of the Leonian concept of law and politics in the technological society, with reference to Norbert Wiener and Karl Deutsch’s cybernetic theory. This paper will attempt to describe the evolutive process of political participation in democratic society by reinterpreting the thought of Bruno Leoni concerning Democracy, the State and the homo telematicus in the digital social order.

scholarly journals Policing Environmental Injustice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Brock ◽  
Nathan Stephens-Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Justice ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Open Space ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Environmental Injustice ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Nature And Society

Environmental justice (EJ) activists have long worked with abolitionists in their communities, critiquing the ways policing, prisons, and pollution are entangled and racially constituted (Braz and Gilmore 2006). Yet, much EJ scholarship reflects a liberal Western focus on a more equal distribution of harms, rather than challenging the underlying systems of exploitation these harms rest upon (Álvarez and Coolsaet 2020). This article argues that policing facilitates environmentally unjust developments that are inherently harmful to nature and society. Policing helps enforce a social order rooted in the ‘securing’ of property, hierarchy, and human-nature exploitation. Examining the colonial continuities of policing, we argue that EJ must challenge the assumed necessity of policing, overcome the mythology of the state as ‘arbiter of justice’, and work to create social conditions in which policing is unnecessary. This will help open space to question other related harmful hegemonic principles. Policing drives environmental injustice, so EJ must embrace abolition.

scholarly journals Dom jako miejsce emocjonalne

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-208
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Kubacka
Keyword(s):  
Public Sphere ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Social Construct ◽  
Emotional Dimension ◽  
The Social ◽  
Emotional Work ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
And Control

The aim of this article is to show the home as an emotional place. The sphere of social conditions, which has been neglected until recently, can help explain emotion as a social construct. Many researchers have pointed to the emotional dimension of the experience of the home and living practices. A home is a complex place, a conglomerate of three aspects: material, symbolic, and relational. The experience of domesticity can be considered to have multiple aspects and to be variable. Taking emotions into account enables a fuller understanding of the duality of household practices, in connection with both their “function” and their role in creating, recreating, and changing the rules of the social order. In this sense, a home is located between the private and public sphere, emotional authenticity and emotional work, freedom and control, socialization and de-socialization, everyday life and celebration.

SWRLx

2018 ◽  
pp. 348-367
Author(s):  
Souad Bouaicha ◽  
Zizette Boufaida
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Web ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Web Ontology Language ◽  
Rule Engine ◽  
Ontology Language ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Semantic Web Rule Language

Although OWL (Web Ontology Language) and SWRL (Semantic Web Rule Language) add considerable expressiveness to the Semantic Web, they do have expressive limitations. For some reasoning problems, it is necessary to modify existing knowledge in an ontology. This kind of problem cannot be fully resolved by OWL and SWRL, as they only support monotonic inference. In this paper, the authors propose SWRLx (Extended Semantic Web Rule Language) as an extension to the SWRL rules. The set of rules obtained with SWRLx are posted to the Jess engine using rewrite meta-rules. The reason for this combination is that it allows the inference of new knowledge and storing it in the knowledge base. The authors propose a formalism for SWRLx along with its implementation through an adaptation of different object-oriented techniques. The Jess rule engine is used to transform these techniques to the Jess model. The authors include a demonstration that demonstrates the importance of this kind of reasoning. In order to verify their proposal, they use a case study inherent to interpretation of a preventive medical check-up.

scholarly journals Combining Axiom Injection and Knowledge Base Completion for Efficient Natural Language Inference

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 7410-7417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masashi Yoshikawa ◽  
Koji Mineshima ◽  
Hiroshi Noji ◽  
Daisuke Bekki
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Processing Time ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Proof Automation ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
Textual Entailment ◽  
Amount Of Knowledge ◽  
Recognizing Textual Entailment

In logic-based approaches to reasoning tasks such as Recognizing Textual Entailment (RTE), it is important for a system to have a large amount of knowledge data. However, there is a tradeoff between adding more knowledge data for improved RTE performance and maintaining an efficient RTE system, as such a big database is problematic in terms of the memory usage and computational complexity. In this work, we show the processing time of a state-of-the-art logic-based RTE system can be significantly reduced by replacing its search-based axiom injection (abduction) mechanism by that based on Knowledge Base Completion (KBC). We integrate this mechanism in a Coq plugin that provides a proof automation tactic for natural language inference. Additionally, we show empirically that adding new knowledge data contributes to better RTE performance while not harming the processing speed in this framework.

‘Framing figures’ and the campaign for sex purchase criminalisation in Ireland: A Lakoffian analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-332
Author(s):  
Eilís Ward
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Sex Workers ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Red Light ◽  
The State ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
Sexual Offences ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
The Status ◽  
Recent Reform

If the concept of social justice posits equality and fairness between subjects in the social order, then the presence of those subjects within that order must first and foremost be acknowledged. In Ireland’s recent reform of prostitution law contained in the Criminal Law (Sexual Offences) Act 2017, the presence of the sex worker as a rights-bearing subject or citizen, with access to justice in that capacity, was denied. In this article I focus on the use of data by the neo-abolitionist ‘Turn off the Red Light’ campaign to ‘flatten out’ the complexity of sex workers lives and present the figure of the ‘vulnerable prostituted woman’ and the ‘trafficking victim’: tragic, abject, a necessarily violated person and in need of ‘protection’ from the state. I argue that this data, entering public and political discourse as uncontestable truth, constituted what I call, ‘framing figures’, framing an inevitable outcome and precluding certain subjects from the status of equality and fairness. The data allowed campaigners for the Sex Purchase Ban (SPB), and, in turn the state, to eclipse a social justice approach to sex work, such as proposed by the Sex Workers Alliance of Ireland and other actors.

scholarly journals Public Health and Disasters: An Emerging Translational and Implementation Science, Not “Lessons Learned”

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 610-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristi L. Koenig ◽  
Carl H. Schultz ◽  
Miryha Gould Runnerstrom ◽  
Oladele A. Ogunseitan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Implementation Science ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Disaster Medicine ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Disaster Research ◽  
New Knowledge

AbstractDisaster Medicine is a relatively new multidisciplinary field of science with clear public health implications as it focuses on improving outcomes for populations rather than for individual patients. As with any other scientific discipline, the goal of public health and disaster research is to create new knowledge and transfer evidence-based data to improve public health. The phrase “lessons learned” has crept into the disaster lexicon but must be permanently erased as it has no place in the scientific method. The second edition of Koenig and Schultz’s Disaster Medicine: Comprehensive Principles & Practice adds to the growing knowledge base of this emerging specialty and explains why “lessons learned” should be discarded from the associated vocabulary. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:610–611)

Exploitation of biotechnology in a large company

1989 ◽  
Vol 324 (1224) ◽  
pp. 599-611
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Toxic Action ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
Large Company ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
New Business

Almost from the outset, most large companies saw the ‘new biotechnology’ not as a new business but as a set of very powerful techniques that, in time, would radically improve the understanding of biological systems. This new knowledge was generally seen by them as enhancing the process of invention and not as a substitute for tried and tested ways of meeting clearly identified targets. As the knowledge base grows, so the big-company response to biotechnology becomes more positive. Within ICI, biotechnology is now integrated into five biobusinesses (Pharmaceuticals, Agrochemicals, Seeds, Diagnostics and Biological Products). Within the Central Toxicology Laboratory it also contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms of toxic action of chemicals as part of assessing risk. ICI has entered two of these businesses (Seeds and Diagnostics) because it sees biotechnology making a major contribution to the profitability of each.

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