BRONCHOGRAPHY: OUTMODED PROCEDURE?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-334
Author(s):  
Mary Ellen Avery
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Technique ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
American Thoracic Society ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Chronic Pulmonary Disease ◽  
General Anesthetic ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Work Up ◽  
Contrast Studies

Part of the "work-up" of chronic pulmonary disease has been, traditionally, a bronchogram. In 1955, Flake and Ferguson1 wrote "The use of contrast studies in the younger age groups . . .has steadily increased as improvement in medical and surgical technique for care and treatment has demanded more accurate diagnosis." Has it increased unnecessarily? Is the present utilization too great? The procedure usually requires hospitalization; in some centers a general anesthetic, in some a recent prior bronchoscopy, and in all a finite risk and degree of morbidity. It seems pertinent to ask first: When is bronchography indicated? The Committee on Therapy of the American Thoracic Society has recently offered instructive answers to this question.2

scholarly journals Age-Associated Characteristics of Patients With Chronic Dizziness and Vertigo

2021 ◽  
pp. 089198872110361
Author(s):  
Alexander Wassermann ◽  
Sigrid Finn ◽  
Hubertus Axer
Keyword(s):  
Older Patients ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Bilateral Vestibulopathy ◽  
Positional Vertigo ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Chronic Dizziness ◽  
Diagnostic Work ◽  
Work Up ◽  
Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo

Objective: The incidence of dizziness and vertigo is increasing with age, and symptoms lead to significant limitations in daily living and to disability in older patients. Method: Data of 1,752 patients with chronic dizziness/vertigo subjected to a tertiary care, specialized interdisciplinary vertigo center were analyzed. Age, gender, symptoms, medical diagnosis, and Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) were collected based on a questionnaire and analysis of associated patient records. The patients were assigned to 3 age groups (< 41, 41-65, and > 65 years). Results: 33.7% of the patients were older than 65 years. Frequency of symptoms and DHI score increased with age. Older patients reported less frequently about coexisting symptoms such as nausea, headache, tinnitus, ear pressure, and visual impairment. Multisensory deficit, central vertigo, bilateral vestibulopathy, and benign paroxysmal positional vertigo were diagnosed increasingly with age, while persistent postural–perceptual dizziness and vestibular migraine were diagnosed in the younger age groups. Conclusion: In the diagnostic work-up of older patients age-specific characteristics of dizziness/vertigo have to be considered. The older patient generally is more impaired by the symptoms but possibly will not report typical diagnosis-defining symptoms.

How Reversible are ‘˜Reversible Dementias’?

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 230
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Ioannidis ◽  
Dimitris Karacostas ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Cognitive Symptoms ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Degenerative Dementia ◽  
Structural Brain

Reversible dementias comprise different groups of disorders of variable aetiologies, such as structural brain lesions or metabolic, infectious, toxic, autoimmune, paraneoplastic and psychiatric disorders. When patients present with cognitive symptoms, especially in the younger age groups, the first thought of the attending neurologist should be to try to identify an underlying treatable cause. The incidence of degenerative dementia rises with older age and its symptoms progressively become more evident and typical; in such cases, a differential diagnosis is limited and the chance of uncovering a treatable disorder is minimal. However, although uncommon, treatable dementias or dementia-like symptoms do exist. Future studies with better design and methodology, as well as longer observation periods and larger patient populations, are needed to clarify the controversial issues concerning the epidemiology and accurate diagnosis of, and treatment possibilities for, reversible dementias.

scholarly journals Trends in Mortality from Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Alberta: Back to the Future?

1995 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
Tee L Guidotti
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Health Related Behaviour

Trends in mortality from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Alberta over 60 years, from 1927 to 1987, for ages 15 and above or both sexes, were examined. There was a striking decline in mortality among older adults in the 1930s and 1940s. a nadir that lasted almost 10 years in the 1950s, and a striking increase thereafter. By 1970, most age groups had returned to levels of the 1930s. This overall trend was observed in both the younger age groups (aged 15 to 50) and older adults, although mortality from COPD in the former disproportionately reflected asthma-related deaths. Subsequently, mortality climbed still higher in older age groups, but not in the younger age groups. The sustained rise in mortality in older age groups after the Second World War is presumably related to smoking habits. Historical trends in Alberta were then compared with Canada as a whole for both sexes over 50 years of age. Although Alberta had a much lower mortality from COPD than Canada as a whole, this difference disappeared by 1980. There is no obvious explanation that would explain all of the observed trends, but they appear more likely to be a consequence of social and environmental conditions, including changes in health-related behaviour, than of major changes in medical management at the time.

Inequalities and Impact of Socioeconomic-Cultural Factors in Suicide Rates Across Italy

Crisis ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 178-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Pompili ◽  
Marco Innamorati ◽  
Monica Vichi ◽  
Maria Masocco ◽  
Nicola Vanacore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Age And Sex

Background: Suicide is a major cause of premature death in Italy and occurs at different rates in the various regions. Aims: The aim of the present study was to provide a comprehensive overview of suicide in the Italian population aged 15 years and older for the years 1980–2006. Methods: Mortality data were extracted from the Italian Mortality Database. Results: Mortality rates for suicide in Italy reached a peak in 1985 and declined thereafter. The different patterns observed by age and sex indicated that the decrease in the suicide rate in Italy was initially the result of declining rates in those aged 45+ while, from 1997 on, the decrease was attributable principally to a reduction in suicide rates among the younger age groups. It was found that socioeconomic factors underlined major differences in the suicide rate across regions. Conclusions: The present study confirmed that suicide is a multifaceted phenomenon that may be determined by an array of factors. Suicide prevention should, therefore, be targeted to identifiable high-risk sociocultural groups in each country.

MONITORING RESULTS OF SAZAN (CYPRINUS CARPIO CARPIO LINNAEUS, 1758) POPULATION IN THE EASTERN PART OF THE TAGANROG BAY AND THE DON RIVER DELTA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.A. Balykin ◽  
◽  
A.V. Startsev ◽  
G.E. Guskov ◽  
A.S. Grin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Parasite Fauna ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Weight Growth ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio Carpio ◽  
Don River ◽  
Taganrog Bay ◽  
Biological State

The materials for 2003-2018 on the biological state of sazan of the eastern part of the Taganrog Bay and the Don River delta were summarized. It has been shown that the catches of sazan in the study area consisted of more than half of the fish of younger age groups, the length of which was less than the commercial measure. The ratio of linear and weight growth of sazan is shifting towards a decrease in the mass of one-dimensional specimen, which is indirect evidence of the deterioration of the natural living conditions of semi-migratory fish. In 2019, the carp parasite fauna was represented by 7 species related to monogenes - 2 species, cestodes - 3 species, nematodes - 1 species, crustaceans - 1. The state of the sazan population needs further research.

scholarly journals Five reasons COVID-19 is less severe in younger age groups

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W Turke
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Theory ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
System Function ◽  
The Third ◽  
Immune System Function ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Younger Age

Abstract The severity of COVID-19 is age-related, with the advantage going to younger age groups. Five reasons are presented. The first two are well-known, are being actively researched by the broader medical community, and therefore are discussed only briefly here. The third, fourth, and fifth reasons derive from evolutionary life history theory, and potentially fill gaps in current understanding of why and how young and old age groups respond differently to infection with SARS-CoV-2. Age of onset of generalized somatic aging, and the timing of its progression, are identified as important causes of these disparities, as are specific antagonistic pleiotropic tradeoffs in immune system function.

scholarly journals Religion: Interrelationships and Opinions in Children and Adolescents. Interaction between Age and Beliefs

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 357
Author(s):  
Rafael López Cordero ◽  
Francisca Ruiz Garzón ◽  
Lourdes Medina Martínez ◽  
María del Carmen Olmos-Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Religious Issue ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Quantitative Descriptive

The current trend of secularization seems to be leading to a gradual withdrawal of religion from public spaces. However, in an increasingly internationalized world, it is becoming more and more important to study the roles of religion and religiosity and their potential in relation to dialogue and social conflicts and tensions. Education is a vital field within which to address this religious issue and create an educational dialogue in order to promote coexistence. By following a quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study, based on a quasi-experimental methodology with a social–analytical character, our aim is to assess the existing connections between religion, interrelation and opinion in Spanish children and adolescents. Special attention is paid to the interaction between age and beliefs. We carried out our study with the use of a questionnaire distributed to eleven secondary schools, with students aged between 11 and 16 years old, in three regions of southern Spain (Andalusia, Ceuta, and Melilla) characterized by high religious diversity and multiculturalism. The multivariate analysis carried out in this study identifies the effects of variance on the influence of age and religion, highlighting the interaction between the two. It is observed that the youngest students are those who express their opinions about religion the least, while those belonging to younger age groups and majority religions are those who express a greater religious coexistence, with Muslims externalizing their religious condition the most.

scholarly journals Japan’s voluntary lockdown: further evidence based on age-specific mobile location data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsutomu Watanabe ◽  
Tomoyoshi Yabu
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Intervention Effect ◽  
Information Effect ◽  
Mobile Location ◽  
Serious Illness ◽  
Location Data ◽  
Voluntary Response ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Age Profile

AbstractChanges in people’s behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic can be regarded as the result of two types of effects: the “intervention effect” (changes resulting from government orders for people to change their behavior) and the “information effect” (voluntary changes in people’s behavior based on information about the pandemic). Using age-specific mobile location data, we examine how the intervention and information effects differ across age groups. Our main findings are as follows. First, the age profile of the intervention effect shows that the degree to which people refrained from going out was smaller for older age groups, who are at a higher risk of serious illness and death, than for younger age groups. Second, the age profile of the information effect shows that the degree to which people stayed at home tended to increase with age for weekends and holidays. Thus, while Acemoglu et al. (2020) proposed targeted lockdowns requiring stricter lockdown policies for the oldest group in order to protect those at a high risk of serious illness and death, our findings suggest that Japan’s government intervention had a very different effect in that it primarily reduced outings by the young, and what led to the quarantining of older groups at higher risk instead was people’s voluntary response to information about the pandemic. Third, the information effect has been on a downward trend since the summer of 2020. It is relatively more pronounced among the young, so that the age profile of the information effect remains upward sloping.

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