CONGENITAL ANOMALIES OF THE ESOPHAGUS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
WILLIAM E. LADD
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Surgery ◽  
General Meeting ◽  
Intestinal Atresia ◽  
Esophageal Hiatus ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Concerted Effort ◽  
Group I ◽  
To Come ◽  
Sick Children ◽  
Made In

AS THIS is the first general meeting of the Academy since the establishment of a surgical section, it would seem fitting to comment on our hopes for this venture. The last few decades have seen great advances in all fields of medicine. Among the most widely known, perhaps, are insulin, antibiotics, chemotherapy, water balance, vitamin and hormone therapy and other laboratory discoveries. I want, however, to call your attention to some of the advances which have been made in the field of pediatric surgery and to remind you that although these have been aided by laboratory achievements they would have been impossible without the cooperation of the pediatrician. Please recall that roughly 30 years ago atresia of the bile ducts carried a mortality of 100%. Intestinal obstruction due to midgut volvulus had an equally high mortality. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia—other than those through the esophageal hiatus—had an estimated 90% mortality. The recovery of a patient with intestinal atresia was indeed a rare incident. The mortality from intussusception, and even from pyloric stenosis, was nearly 60%. Today the mortality in these and other conditions has been reduced by from 25% to 75%, and in some conditions to nearly zero. This striking lowering of mortality has been brought about largely by men, both medical and surgical, who devote their energies to the care of infants and children. It seems, therefore, particularly opportune and appropriate that these pediatricians and pediatric surgeons should join together in a concerted effort to advance the care of this age group. I, for one, am sufficiently optimistic to believe that greater advances will be made in the decades to come if we all work together and with one goal in mind; namely, the improvement of the lot of the afflicted child. The establishment of a surgical section in this Academy certainly should help the pediatrician, the pediatric surgeon and last, but far from least, sick children.

scholarly journals Effects of daily curve and age on intraocular pressure in Criollo horses

2021 ◽  
pp. 2049-2056
Author(s):  
Ângela Beatriz de Oliveira Bacchin ◽  
◽  
Géssica Maria Ribeiro da Silva ◽  
Maiara Poersch Seibel ◽  
Alessandra Fernandez da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Slit Lamp ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Indirect Ophthalmoscopy ◽  
Group I ◽  
Schirmer Tear Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Made In

The objective of this study was to evaluate the intraocular pressure (IOP) of healthy Criollo horses using a rebound tonometer throughout the day. In addition, assessments were made in horses of different ages. Twenty-seven horses, male and female, were divided into three groups by age: Group I (3-5 years old), Group II (6-8 years old), and Group III: (9-16 years old). Ophthalmic examinations were performed using the Schirmer tear test, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, fluorescein test and indirect ophthalmoscopy. Seven measurements of IOP were assessed on the same day (at 6:00 am, 9:00 am, 12:00 am, 3:00 pm, 6:00 pm, 9:00 pm and 00:00 pm). A t-test was used when there were two groups of comparisons and ANOVA was used to detect differences in IOP between measurement times and between age categories. The average IOP was 28.4 ± 3.7 mmHg for all eyes. The mean IOP for Groups I, II and III were 29.2 ± 3.5, 28.4 ± 4.3 and 27.7 ± 3.2 mmHg, respectively. There was no statistically difference between right and left eyes. There was a significant difference between Group I and Group III (P = 0.008). There were no statistically significant differences between measurements recorded at different times of the day (P = 0.560). The IOP was not influenced by the circadian rhythm, but older horses showed reduced IOP.

NATRIURETIC PEPTIDES LEVEL AND THE STATUS OF THE RENIN – ANGIOTENSIN-ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM IN CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IN PATIENTS WITH CONGENITAL MALFORMATIONS OF THE URINARY SYSTEM

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
A. M. Mambetova ◽  
A. M. Inarokova ◽  
N. N. Shabalova ◽  
D. V. Bizheva ◽  
A. T. Mahiyeva
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Malformations ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Urinary System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System ◽  
Natriuretic Hormone ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Status ◽  
Sick Children

THE AIM. To determine the concentration of natriuretic peptide in the blood serum in children with congenital malformations of the urinary system (CM US) and to compare with the activity of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS).MATERIALS AND METHODS.119 patients with CM US aged 3 to 18 years were examined. A control group of 10 clinically healthy children. 3 groups were assigned: group I – 55 children with  congenital vesicoureteral reflux, and group II – 34 children with  congenital hydronephrosis and ureterohydronephrosis, III group – 30 children with other forms of dysembryogenesis of the US. Following indicators were identified by ELISA in the blood: renin, aldosterone,  N – terminal propeptide natriuretic hormone (NT-рroВNР). RESULTS.NT-рroВNР, renin and aldosterone hyperproduction were diagnosed in 59,6%, 69,7%, 54.6 % of sick children relatively. Concentrations were higher in all variants of  malformations in comparison with the control group. Significant  differences were revealed in obstructive species, where arterial  hypertension (AH) was diagnosed more often. Patients with AH  recorded significantly higher concentrations of NT-proВNР and renin.CONCLUSION.The key point in pathological processes developmentand progression in the cardiovascular system and kidneys is the  activation of RAAS. The system of natriuretic factors is important in maintaining the compensated state of patients due to the blockade of RAAS.

A PEDIATRIC HOME CARE PROGRAM IN LONDON—TEN YEARS EXPERIENCE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 314-321
Author(s):  
A. B. Bergman ◽  
H. Shrand ◽  
T. E. Oppé
Keyword(s):  
Home Care ◽  
Home Environment ◽  
Hospital Costs ◽  
Care Program ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
The United States ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Small Children ◽  
Descriptive Account ◽  
Sick Children

RECENT YEARS have seen a resurgence of interest in organized Home Care programs as a variety of factors have spurred the search for alternatives to hospital care. Chief among them has been the economic burden of spiraling hospital costs. Many programs have been devised to enable chronically ill persons in the older age group—the "home-bound" geriatric patient—to be supervised in their own homes. There are, however, special reasons for attempting to control the admission of children to hospitals. Illness is a time when a child becomes more dependent than usual and seems to need the security of parents and the comfort of familiar home environment. Even though enlightened hospitals now encourage visiting, many parents cannot take advantage of this for such reasons as distance and having to care for the other children at home. There is debate as to the amount of emotional harm caused by hospitalization of small children; most workers would say it does no good, and, in some cases, can lead to serious sequelae. The Home Care Program for sick children at St. Mary's Hospital in London was started in April, 1954. One of us (A.B.B.) had the opportunity of participating in this program in 1961 while serving as an Exchange Registrar from Children's Hospital (Boston). It is felt that even though conditions in the United States and Great Britain may be different, there are enough similarities to make a descriptive account of the program of interest to American physicians. The Development of Home Care Schemes Historically, doctors looked after the sick in their own homes when private fees could be afforded.

Evaluation of Recurrent Pediatric Syncope: Role of Tilt Table Testing

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 660-662
Author(s):  
Margaret J. Strieper ◽  
Debbie O. Auld ◽  
J. Edward Hulse ◽  
Robert M. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Neurocardiogenic Syncope ◽  
Tilt Table ◽  
Conversion Reaction ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Group I ◽  
Tilt Table Testing ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Made In

Objective. To determine the current practice and effectiveness of evaluating recurrent syncope in pediatric patients, and to establish the role of tilt table testing in the evaluation. Design. Retrospective analysis of 54 pediatric patients with the history of syncope referred to cardiologists. Group I consisted of 27 patients examined without tilt table testing group II consisted of 27 patients whose examination included tilt table testing. Results. Group I had an average of 5.4 studies and group II, 6.6 studies performed per patient. Studies included chest radiograph (16 vs 13), electrocardiogram (24 vs 27), echocardiography (21 vs 27), 24-hour electrocardiogram (14 vs 16), transtelephonic monitor (7 vs 8), electrophysiology study (1 vs 3), complete blood cell counts (11 vs 12), chemistries (10 vs 11), thyroid function test (3 vs 3), neurology consult (12 vs 6), electroencephalogram (12 vs 5), and head computed tomographic scan (5 vs 3). Of the 298 non-tilt studies, the results of only 5 (1.6%) were abnormal. Diagnoses were made in 5 (18.5%) of 27 group I patients (Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, 1; conversion reaction, 2; hyperventilation, 1; migraines, 1), whereas diagnosis was made in 27 (100%) of 27 group II patients (neurocardiogenic syncope, 25; conversion reaction, 2). Conclusion. An extensive workup is not routinely indicated in syncopal patients with a history consistent with neurocardiogenic syncope. Tilt table testing performed early in the evaluation will increase the probability of a diagnosis, and will often prevent the need for further extensive, expensive anxiety-producing tests.

scholarly journals Assessment of intraocular pressure in chinchillas of different age groups using rebound tonometry

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1466-1471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flor Diana Yokoay Claros Chacaltana ◽  
João Antonio Tadeu Pigatto ◽  
Ione Terezinha Denardin
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Rebound Tonometer ◽  
Indirect Ophthalmoscopy ◽  
Group I ◽  
Schirmer Tear Test ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACT: The aim of this research was to measure the intraocular pressure (IOP) of normal chinchilla eyes using the rebound tonometer. A further aim was to assess whether there were differences in the values of intraocular pressure in relation to animals age, gender and time of day. Thirty-six chinchillas were divided into three groups of 12 chinchillas each, by age: Group I (2-6-month-old), Group II (20 and 34 months) and Group III (37 and 135 months). Ophthalmic examination was performed previously by Schirmer tear test, slit lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy and fluorescein test in all chinchillas. Three measurements of intraocular pressure were assessed on the same day (7, 12 and 19h). Tonometry was performed on both eyes using the rebound tonometer after calibration in "p" mode. Statistical analysis was performed with SigmaPlot for Windows. The mean IOP for groups I, II and III were 2.47±0.581mmHg, 2.47±0.581mmHg and 2.51±0.531mmHg, respectively. No significant differences were reported between age and IOP and no significant differences were reported between the time of day and IOP. The IOP in chinchillas did not differ significantly between genders or ages of the animals, and did not change with time of day.

scholarly journals Rethinking the Perceived Self: Samples from Facebook

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-228
Author(s):  
Anita Kasabova
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Cultural Differences ◽  
The Self ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Active Participant ◽  
The Real ◽  
Group I ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
Anglo American

Abstract How the self perceives reality is a traditional topic of research across several disciplines. I examine the perceived self on Facebook, as a case-study of self-knowledge on „classical” social media. Following Blascovich & Bailenson (2011), I consider the distinction between the real and the virtual as relative. Perceptual self-knowledge, filtered through social media, requires rethinking the perceived self in terms of social reality (Neisser, 1993). This claim dovetails Jenkins’s (2013) notion of the self as an active participant in consumption. I argue that the perceived self in social media could be conceived in terms of how it would like to be perceived and appraised by its virtual audience. Using Neisser’s (1993) typology of self-knowledge and Castañeda’s (1983) theory of I-guises, I analyse seven samples from Anglo-American and Bulgarian Facebook sites and show that the perceived self produces itself online as a captivating presence with a credible story. My samples are taken from FB community pages with negligible cultural differences across an online teenage/twens (twixter) age group. I then discuss some problematic aspects of the perceived self online, as well as recent critiques of technoconsumerism.

scholarly journals A correlation of hysterolaparoscopic findings and BACTEC culture in infertility

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesweta Guru ◽  
Prasad Yeshwant Deshmukh
Keyword(s):  
Health Problem ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Genital Tuberculosis ◽  
Infertile Women ◽  
Dilatation And Curettage ◽  
Important Health ◽  
To Come ◽  
Sensitive Method

Background: Infertility is agonising condition. Tuberculosis is an important health problem worldwide. One third of the world’s population is currently affected with tuberculosis. Hysterolaparoscopy is a well-recognized procedure for the diagnosis of infertility. Culture for TB bacilli is the gold standard for diagnosis of genital TB.Methods: Infertile women undergoing dilatation and curettage with hysterolaparoscopy with normal husband semen analysis as a part of their infertility workup at M. G. M. Medical Hospital, Kalamboli. Sample size: 30.Results: Incidence of GTB=22.85%, 25-29 year followed by 35-40 years’ age group was the most common age group was observed. In our study, 74.3% infertility pattern was primary, 25.7% were secondary only 2.85 % (n =1) of the cases of GTB were diagnosed by using TB BACTEC. Laparoscopic findings su0ggested that 18 cases had normal findings and 8 cases had laparoscopic features suggestive of GTB. On chromo pertubation, delayed and absent spillage of the dye was seen in 2 cases. On Hysteroscopy, 29 cases (82.9%) of the patients had normal findings and 3 cases had Hysteroscopic features suggestive of GTB.Conclusions: Genital tuberculosis remains an important under diagnosed cause of infertility. Though culture is considered as gold standard for diagnosis of genital tuberculosis, since GTB is paucibacillary there is an urgent need for more research to come to conclusion whether culture is still gold standard. Further research is required to detect the most sensitive method for diagnosis.

scholarly journals Milestones in the History of Pediatric Surgery During the Byzantine Times

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-128
Author(s):  
Anastasia Oikonomou-Koutsiari ◽  
Georgios Zografos ◽  
Epameinondas Koutsiaris ◽  
Evangelos Menenakos ◽  
Effie Poulakou-Rebelakou
Keyword(s):  
Pediatric Surgery ◽  
Medical Specialty ◽  
Major Improvement ◽  
Surgical Disease ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
The Status ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
To Come

During the Byzantine Times, medicine and surgery developed as Greek physicians continued to practice in Constantinople. Healing methods were common for both adults and children, and pediatrics as a medical specialty did not exist. Already Byzantine hospitals became institutions to dispense medical services, rather than shelters for the homeless, which included doctors and nurses for those who suffered from the disease. A major improvement in the status of hospitals as medical centers took place in this period, and physicians were called archiatroi. Several sources prove that archiatroi were still functioning in the late sixth century and long afterward, but now as xenon doctors. Patients were averse to surgery due to the incidence of complications. The hagiographical literature repeated allusions to doctors. Concerns about children with a surgical disease often led parents to seek miraculous healings achieved by Christian Protectors – Saints. This paper is focused on three eminent Byzantine physicians and surgeons, Oribasius, Aetius of Amida, Paul of Aegina, who dealt with pediatric operations and influenced the European Medicine for centuries to come. We studied historical and theological sources in order to present a comprehensive picture of the curative techniques used for pediatric surgical diseases during the Byzantine Times.

scholarly journals La loi française du 11 juillet 1979 relative à la motivation des actes administratifs

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 961-984
Author(s):  
Georges Péquignot
Keyword(s):  
Prime Minister ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
General Application ◽  
The Public ◽  
Administrative Action ◽  
Statutory Requirement ◽  
Unfavourable Effect ◽  
To Come ◽  
Made In

This paper summarizes the changes brought about in French administrative law by a law of 1979 imposing on administrative authorities a broad duty to give reasons for their decisions. Traditionally, the state of the law had been that, failing a specific statutory requirement, administrative authorities were under no obligation to provide reasons. This, however, had not prevented the Conseil d'État from reviewing administrative action — even of a clearly discretionary nature — for unlawfulness or impropriety of motives. The new law is aimed at improving communications between administrative authorities and the public. It reverses the former rule for three broad classes of decisions concerning individual cases : those having an unfavourable effect on rights and interests, those allowing for more favourable treatment than is provided under a rule of general application, and those made by social security and unemployment assistance agencies. Alleviation or disregard of the new rule is allowed in cases of emergency, where confidentiality or secrecy is required by law, or where, no decision being made in a prescribed time, a negative decision is deemed to have been rendered. Guidelines for the implementation of the new law have been issued by the Prime Minister to all Ministers; the latter have in turn issued more detailed instructions to decision-making officers in their departments. Further guidance will have to come from the administrative courts when they are called upon to review decisions for insufficiency or impropriety of reasons. Ultimately, however, achievement of the goal of improving the quality of intercourse between citizens and administrative authorities will require the development of a more open and trustful relationship between them.

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