Polydrug- and Methadone-Addicted Newborns: A Continuum of Impairment?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ira J. Chasnoff ◽  
Roger Hatcher ◽  
William J. Burns
Keyword(s):  
Methadone Maintenance ◽  
Behavioral Assessment ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Outcome Group ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Prospective Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group Group

Two groups of infants born to drug-addicted mothers were evaluated in a prospective controlled study and compared with a third control group. Group I infants (N = 39) were born to mothers on well-controlled low-dose methadone maintenance. Group II infants (N = 19) were born to polydrug-abusing mothers, and group III infants (N = 27) were born to control mothers who had no history or evidence of drug abuse. All three groups were matched for maternal factors that might affect neonatal outcome. Group I infants were significantly smaller than control infants for all growth measurements and had a significantly smaller head circumference than group II infants. Utilizing the Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale, group I infants showed more depression of interactive behaviors and state controls than group II infants, who in turn were more depressed than group III infants. The effects of nonnarcotic drugs on intrauterine growth and neonatal behavior appear to place the polydrug-addicted newborn in an intermediate zone of deficit between normal and opiate-addicted newborns.

Features of the cervix uteri in women of reproductive age with endometrial polyps and micropolyps

2016 ◽  
pp. 108-111
Author(s):  
T.F. Tatarchuk ◽  
◽  
D.G. German ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cervix Uteri ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Endometrial Polyps ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Aggressive Form ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Control Group Group

The article presents the comparative analysis of the state of the cervix in women with endometrial polyps and micropolyps. Patients and methods. The study involved 130 patients aged 18-35 years: 70 patients with endometrial polyps (group I), 30 patients with micropolyps (group II) and 30 patients of the control group (group III). Results. According to the anamnesis of women in the I group were significantly more frequent diseases of the cervix, which corrected physical surgery methods, in particular cryodestruction. In group II, the representatives of these indicators were similar to healthy. Normal colposcopic picture met significantly less frequently in patients and I, and II group. The differences in the incidence of HPV high oncogenic risk in all groups were not statistically significant. Conclusion. Destructive methods used in the detection of any changes in the cervix are often overly aggressive, form scars and contributing to inflamaciones process. In the chain of events leading to the formation of PE, cervical pathology and its correction can take the basic place. Key words: endometrial polyp, micropolyps, chronic endometritis, uterine cervix, colposcopy.

Immunization of Guineapigs against Ascaris suum

1960 ◽  
Vol 34 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 347-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. Taffs
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Successful Attempt ◽  
Group I ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
Previous Infection ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Intravenous Inoculation ◽  
Subcutaneous Inoculation ◽  
Control Group Group

It has been shown that guineapigs can be effectively protected against re-infection by the subcutaneous inoculation of embryonated Ascaris eggs (Soulsby, 1957). The purpose of this communication is to report a successful attempt to immunize guineapigs against a lethal oral challenge dose of eggs by the intravenous inoculation of third stage larvae of A. suum.Three groups, each containing nine guineapigs, were infected with Ascaris as follows: Group I was given 10,000 eggs by mouth. Group II Was inoculated intravenously with 2,000 third stage Ascaris larvae which had been obtained from the lungs of other guineapigs on the sixth day of infection. Both groups were challenged at the same time with 250,000 eggs by mouth, along with a control group (Group III) which had no previous infection. The guineapigs in Group I were re-infected after 18 days and those in Group II after 12 days.

scholarly journals IN VIVO INVESTIGATION OF BOVINE CUTANEOUS PAPILLOMATOSIS WITH HOMEOPATHIC PREPARATIONS

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-116
Author(s):  
MG Hossain ◽  
MG Haider ◽  
MR Khan ◽  
EH Chowdhury ◽  
MM Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Untreated Control ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Concurrent Use ◽  
Group I ◽  
Cellular Necrosis ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Control Group Group

This investigation was carried out to determine the effects of thuza and antim crud (Homeopathic preparations) on bovine cutaneous papillomatosis/wart. Nine calves of one to two and a half years age and of both sexes affected with cutaneous papillomatosis were randomly divided into three equal groups (group I, group II and group III) for this experiment from March 2002 to February 2003. Each calf of group I was first administered with 15 globules sulphur with a potency of 200-power once orally. This was followed after 7 days with 50M (M = 1000-power) thuza at the dose rate of 10 globules twice daily orally for a period of three weeks. The calves of group II were administered with sulphur and antim crud at the same dose, potency, route and duration, respectively and the calves of group III were kept as untreated control. Papilloma tissues were collected prior to treatment and at the sixth week of treatment and they were subjected to histopathological examination. Thuza and antim crud with concurrent use of sulphur were found effective in curing bovine cutaneous papillomatosis with a rate of 66.66% (4/6). Little or no reduction in size of the papillomas was observed within the first two weeks of treatment in both the treated groups (group I and group II). Thereafter, miniature size sessile and pedunculated papillomas started drying with the gradual reduction in size that fell leaving hairless areas at the end of fourth week. By the eighth week there was complete cure of papillomas. One calf of each treated groups (group I and group II) affected with large papillomas (5 X 7 cm) were not completely cured. Microscopic examination of regressive papillomas at sixth week of treatment showed cellular necrosis. Growth recurrence was not observed within one month of recovery. In the untreated control group (group III), the number and size of papillomas increased. Therefore, this line of treatment may be practiced for the treatment of bovine papillomatosis.

scholarly journals The Effects of Armillarisin A on Serum IL-1β and IL-4 and in Treating Ulcerative Colitis

2014 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Wu ◽  
Yonggao Guo ◽  
Fangyuan Jia ◽  
Xiuli Wang
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Therapy Group ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Control Group Group

Abstract To study the therapeutic effect of Armillarisin A on patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and on serum IL-1β and IL-4, sixty patients with UC were randomly divided into three groups: Armillarisin A treatment group (Group I), Armillarisin-combined hormone therapy group (Group II), and hormones treatment as the control group (Group III). Patients in Group I received Armillarisin A 10 mg enema in 100 ml saline. Patients in Group II received Armillarisin A 10 mg and dexamethasone 5 mg enema in 100 ml saline. Patients in Group III received only dexamethasone 5 mg enema in 100 ml saline. The therapeutic efficacy and serum levels of IL-4 and IL-1β were observed. After 4 week treatment, the total effective rates were 90.0 % in Group I and 95.0 % in Group II. Both are higher than it in control group, which was 70.0 %. The serum levels of IL-4 in Groups I and II were significantly higher than it in control group. Compared to IL-4 levels before treatment, the levels of IL-4 after treatment were significantly higher in both Groups I and II. The serum levels of IL-11β were significantly decreased in Groups I and II in comparison to it in control group. Compared to the levels of IL-1β before treatment, the levels of IL-1β were significantly decreased. Armillarisin A shows a significant effect in treating UC. It helps increase IL-4 and lower IL-1β and the mechanism may be related to the body’s immunity regulation.

scholarly journals Virgin Coconut Oil: Remedial Effects on Renal Dysfunction in Diabetic Rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Akinnuga ◽  
S. O. Jeje ◽  
O. Bamidele ◽  
E. E. Amaku ◽  
F. O. Otogo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Dysfunction ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Control Group Group

Renal dysfunction is now a prevalent complication of diabetes mellitus. Therefore, this study was carried out to evaluate the remedial effects of virgin coconut oil (VCO) on renal dysfunction in diabetic rats. Fifteen albino Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups that comprise normal control group (Group I) and diabetic control group (Group II) fed with normal rat chows and a diabetic test group (Group III) fed with 10% VCO diet. Group II and Group III were made diabetic by single intraperitoneal injection of 150 mg/kg of freshly prepared alloxan monohydrate. After 72 hours of alloxan injection, fasting blood glucose was tested to confirm diabetes mellitus. After 3 weeks, the animals were anaesthetized and sacrificed to collect blood samples for renal function analysis. The creatinine, urea, and blood urea nitrogen values of Group II were significantly different from those of Group I and Group III at P<0.001. Also, there was significant difference (P<0.05) in total protein value between Group II (4.42  ±  0.47 mg/dL) and Group I (5.78  ±  0.12 mg/dL) as well as Group III (5.86  ±  0.19 mg/dL), but there was no significant difference between that of Group I and Group III (5.78  ±  0.12 mg/dL and 5.86  ±  0.19 mg/dL, resp.). Thus, VCO is effective in preventing renal damage in diabetic patients.

Nitric oxide level in the nasal and sinus mucosa after exposure to electromagnetic field

2005 ◽  
Vol 132 (5) ◽  
pp. 713-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murat Yariktas ◽  
Fehmi Doner ◽  
Fehmi Ozguner ◽  
Osman Gokalp ◽  
Harun Dogru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Paranasal Sinus ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Sinus Mucosa ◽  
Control Group Group

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in nitric oxide (NO) level in the nasal and paranasal sinus mucosa after exposure radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (EMF). STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Thirty male Spraque-Dawley rats were randomly grouped as follows: EMF group (group I; n, 10), EMF group in which melatonin received (group II; n, 10) and the control (sham operated) group (group III; n, 10). Groups I and II were exposed to a 900 MHz. Oral melatonin was given in group II. Control rats (group III) were also placed in the tube as the exposure groups, but without exposure to EMF. At the end of 2 weeks, the rats were sacrificed, and the nasal and paranasal sinus mucosa dissected. NO was measured in nasal and paranasal mucosa. RESULTS: The nasal and paranasal sinus mucosa NO levels of group I were significantly higher than those of the control group (group III) ( P < 0.05). However, there was no statistically significant difference between group II and the control group (group III) regarding NO output ( P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Exposure to EMF released by mobile phones (900 MHz) increase NO levels in the sinus and nasal mucosa. SIGNIFICANCE: Increased NO levels may act as a defense mechanism and presumably related to tissue damage. In addition, melatonin may have beneficial effect to prevent these changes in the mucosa. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2005; 132: 713-6.)

scholarly journals GAMBARAN HISTOLOGI AORTA TIKUS WISTAR DENGAN DIET LEMAK BABI SETELAH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK DAUN SIRSAK (annona muricata L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinaldo Maramis ◽  
Marie Kaseke ◽  
G. N. Tanudjadja
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Foam Cell ◽  
Foam Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Lard Diet ◽  
Control Group Group

Abstract: Soursop leaves contain several antioxidants e.g. flavonoid, vitamin C which have antiatherogenic effect that may inhibit the progression of atherosclerotic lession. The risk factor for atherosclerosis is the consumption of food containing highly saturated fatty acids e.g. lard. Low density Lipoproteins (LDL) will be accumulated within the intima and then be oxidized (LDL-ox). This substances ingested by macrophages, resulting in foam-cell formation. The aim of this study is to find out the histological feature of the aorta of wistar rats having lard diets without the addition of soursop leaf extract; having lard diets along with soursop leaf extract; and with which having lard diets followed by soursop extract. This study used experimental method study consisted of 16 wistar rats dividing into 4 groups: group I without treatment (negative control group), group II using lard diet for 14 days (positive control group), group III using lard diet diet with soursop leaf extract for 14 days (treatment group I), and group IV using lard diet for 14 days, and then followed by soursop leaf extract for 14 days (treatment group II). It was found that the aorta of group I showed foam cells in intima and media layers; in the group II showed foam cells in intima and media layers; group III and IV there were not foam cell in their intima and media layers. Summary: the aorta histological features of wistar rats being given lard diets for 14 days, showed foam cells in intima and media layers. Soursop leaf extract adding to lard diets had effect on decreasing foam cells formation (having protective effect), and the effect of giving lard diets following the addition soursop leaf extract showed a reduction of foam cells formation (having therapeutic effect). Keywords: soursop leaf, lard dietary, foam cell, wistar rat.    Daun sirsak mengandung antioksidan (flavonoid, vitamin C) yang berefek anti-aterogenik, sehingga membuat daun sirsak berkhasiat untuk menghambat perkembangan lesi aterosklerosis. Faktor resiko penyebab aterosklerosis adalah mengonsumsi makanan yang mengandung asam lemak jenuh yang tinggi, antara lain lemak babi. Konsumsi lemak jenuh berlebih dapat mengganggu fungsi sel endotel, sehingga lipoprotein berdensitas rendah (LDL) dapat masuk dan menjadi LDL teroksidasi (LDL-oks). Makrofag menangkap LDL-oks dan menjadi sel busa (lesi dini aterosklerosis). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran histologi aorta tikus wistar dengan diet lemak babi tanpa pemberian ekstrak daun sirsak, diet lemak babi bersamaan dengan pemberian ekstrak daun sirsak, dan setelah diet lemak babi dilanjutkan pemberian ekstrak daun sirsak. Penelitian bersifat eksperimental. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 16 ekor tikus wistar yang dibagi menjadi empat kelompok: kelompok I tanpa perlakuan (kelompok kontrol negatif); kelompok II dengan diet lemak babi selama 14 hari (kelompok kontrol positif); kelompok III dengan diet lemak babi serta pemberian ekstrak daun sirsak selama 14 hari (kelompok perlakuan I); kelompok IV dengan diet lemak babi selama 14 hari, dilanjutkan pemberian ekstrak daun sirsak selama 14 hari (kelompok perlakuan II). Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan gambaran histologi aorta tikus wistar kelompok I tampak sel-sel busa pada lapisan intima dan media; pada kelompok II terdapat sel-sel busa; pada kelompok III dan IV tidak terdapat sel busa. Simpulan: tikus wistar dengan diet lemak babi selama 14 hari memperlihatkan gambaran histologi aorta tikus wistar terdapat sel busa pada tunika intima dan tunika media. Pemberian ekstrak daun sirsak bersamaan dengan diet lemak babi berefek menurunkan jumlah sel busa  (efek protektif). Pemberian ekstrak daun sirsak setelah diet lemak babi selama 14 hari berefek mengurangi jumlah sel-sel busa yang terbentuk (efek terapi). Kata kunci: daun sirsak, diet lemak babi, tikus wistar.

scholarly journals Irisin levels in relation to metabolic and liver functions in Egyptian patients with metabolic syndrome

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (4) ◽  
pp. 359-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma H. Rizk ◽  
Samah A. Elshweikh ◽  
Amira Y. Abd El-Naby
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Elevated Liver Enzymes ◽  
Liver Functions ◽  
Group Ii

Irisin is a new myokine that is suspected to influence metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, there is a great controversy with respect to its level in cases of MetS and its correlation with different metabolic parameters. The present study assesses irisin levels in MetS patients and studies its relationship to metabolic and liver functions to evaluate the possible role of the liver in regulation of this level. Sixty subjects were included in this experiment, who were divided into 3 groups: group I (normal control), group II (MetS patients with normal liver enzymes), and group III (MetS with elevated liver enzymes and fatty liver disease). Serum irisin levels showed significant increases in groups II and III compared with group I, and significant increases in group III compared with group II. Also, irisin levels were positively correlated with body mass index, serum triglycerides, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), and liver enzymes. We concluded that serum irisin levels increased in patients with MetS, especially those with elevated liver enzymes, and had a positive correlation with parameters of lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis with the possibility of hepatic clearance to irisin.

To Compare Frequency of Sore Throat in Early Postop period in General Anesthesia and Endotracheal Intubation for Abdominal Surgeries who are given Dexamethasone and Normal Saline

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1227-1229
Author(s):  
R. Farooqi ◽  
T. Iqbal ◽  
M. S. Mehmood ◽  
Z. Y. Bhatti ◽  
F. Liaquat
Keyword(s):  
General Anesthesia ◽  
Sore Throat ◽  
Endotracheal Intubation ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Group I ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Group Ii

Aim: To Compare frequency of sore throat in early post operative period among patients undergoing general anaesthesia and endotracheal intubation for abdominal surgeries who are given dexamethasone and normal saline. Study Design: Randomized controlled study Setting: Department of Anesthesia/ ICU, Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore Duration of study: Six months i.e. 25-09-2009 to 25-03-2010. Methodology: 120 patients undergoing elective general surgery on abdomen were selected. They were divided into two groups. Group I received dexamethasone 8mg (2ml) I/V pre-operatively and group II received 2ml normal saline I/V pre-operatively. Chi square test was used. Visual analogue (VAS) scale was used for recording sore throat. The VAS score ≤4 was considered as no sore throat and VAS scores>4 were considered as the sore throat. Results: Frequency of post-operative sore throat after the first 24 hours following GA and endotracheal intubation was lower in group (I) as compared to the control group (II). Eleven (20%) patients with dexamethasone had post-operative sore throat compared to thirty one (56.3%) patients in control group. (p<0.01). Conclusion: Pre-operative use of dexamethasone was associated with decreased incidence of post-operative sore throat. Keywords: Visual analogue scale (VAS), Post-operative sore throat, general anesthesia

scholarly journals Effect of Fiber Rich Product on Childhood Obesity and Lipid Profile Aged 10-12 Years

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-90
Author(s):  
A. Jyoth ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Diet Survey ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Green Peas

The effect of fiber rich product on child hood obesity studied with 60 sample which were collected randomly among 10-12 years and categorized into 2 groups i.e, experimental group and control group. Experimental group further categorized into three groups i.e, supplementation with exercise (n=15), only supplementation group (n=15), only exercise group (n=15) and control group consists of (n=15).Anthropometric, and diet survey conducted as parameters. A fiber rich product was prepared and supplemented for 2 months to the selected subjects and it consists of whole Bengal gram, whole green gram, green peas, barley and jaggery. Positive results were obtained in three experimental groups. Significant decrease observed inweight, and BMI, Total cholesterol, Triglycerides, LDL, VLDL significant increase observed in HDL in group I II and III. The results were (51.60-48.26kg, 24.7-23.1, 195.2-152.3 mg/dl, 168.2-145.0 mg/dl, 52.2-54.13 mg/dl, 109.4- 69.4mg/dl, 33.6-28.7mg/dl) in group I, In group II the results are (50.3-49.86kg, 23.7-23.4, 168.6-161.0mg/dl, 145.4-129.6mg/dl, 44.2-45.2 mg/dl, 95.3-90.0mg/dl, 29.1-28.3mg/dl).In group III the tesults aere (50.7-49.6kg, 24.5-23.9, 143.2-139.3mg/dl, 139-134.5mg/dl, 38.2-38.7mg/dl 76.8-74.1 mg/dl, 25.6-28.1mg/dl) .From the results it was clear that when compared to group II and III group I has shown better results.

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