scholarly journals Structural changes in skeletal muscles in hypokinesia and physical loading in the posthypokinetic period of recovery of rats’ organisms

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. L. Popel’
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Aerobic Power ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Physical Loading ◽  
Nervous Apparatus ◽  
Sexually Mature

This article reports the study of histo-ultrastructural changes of different structural components of the direct muscle of the thigh of sexually mature male rats over a prolonged period of hypokinesia and subsequent application of physical loading of average aerobic power. Using a light optical, electron microscope (for the exposure of structural transformations of muscle components) and histochemical (for determination of activity of succinate dehydrogenase according to the Nahlas method to identify muscle fibers with different phenotypes) methods, we studied the structural manifestations of adaptation of muscle fibres under prolonged (240 day) hypokinesia and 15–30 episodes of physical loading of average aerobic power in the posthypokinetic period among 55 sexually mature rats. Under prolonged hypokinesis we primarily observed changes in the intramuscular network and morphometric changes in the blood vessels. These data closely correlate with the progression of changes of the subcellular components responsible for energetic and flexible balance of muscle fibres. We found that fast oxygen-glycolytic muscle fibers and their peripheral nervous apparatus are the most sensitive to prolonged hypokinesia. As a result of application of physical loading of average aerobic power, reparative regeneration is intensified, which substantially shortens the period of recovery of structural-functional properties of skeletal muscles in the conditions of hypokinetic disorders. Thus, in prolonged hypokinesia, changes primarily affect the sources of blood supply to skeletal muscles, with the secondary development of reverse processes in muscle fibers and peripheral nervous apparatus with certain morphometric signs. 

HISTOMETRIC AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF THE NERVIMUSCULAR TERMINALS OF SKELETAL MUSCLES AT A HYPOKINESIA

2019 ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Z. M. Yaschyshyn ◽  
S. L. Popel
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Ultrastructural Organization ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Myelinated Nerve ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

The aim: to study the dynamics of histological and ultrastructural changes in muscle fibers and their neuromuscular endings under conditions of prolonged hypokinesia at different stages of ontogenesis. Methods. Studied skeletal muscles and their peripheral nervous apparatus of laboratory male Wistar rats aged 30 to 270 days. The restriction of motor activity was carried out in special canister cells for 30, 60, 90, and 240 days (5 animals for each term). To determine the type of muscle fiber, the Nahlas histochemical method was used, the Kulchitsky method was used to detect myelinated nerve fibers, the Bilshovsky-Gros method and the electron microscopic method to identify neuromuscular endings. Results. The data of histological and electron microscopic examination of skeletal muscle fibers and their neuromuscular endings under conditions of prolonged hypokinesia indicate their regular restructuring during the development of muscles, the formation of their synapses and structures that are associated with them at different stages of ontogenesis. Conclusion. The study provides an in-depth understanding of the relative frequency and nature of the disturbance of the neuromuscular endings during prolonged hypokinesia and its effect on the dynamics of structural adjustment of individual types of muscle fibers in ontogenesis.

HISTOMETRIC AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION OF THE NERVIMUSCULAR TERMINALS OF SKELETAL MUSCLES AT A HYPOKINESIA

2019 ◽  
pp. 55-63
Author(s):  
Z. M. Yaschyshyn ◽  
S. L. Popel
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Nerve Fibers ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Ultrastructural Organization ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Myelinated Nerve ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

The aim: to study the dynamics of histological and ultrastructural changes in muscle fibers and their neuromuscular endings under conditions of prolonged hypokinesia at different stages of ontogenesis. Methods. Studied skeletal muscles and their peripheral nervous apparatus of laboratory male Wistar rats aged 30 to 270 days. The restriction of motor activity was carried out in special canister cells for 30, 60, 90, and 240 days (5 animals for each term). To determine the type of muscle fiber, the Nahlas histochemical method was used, the Kulchitsky method was used to detect myelinated nerve fibers, the Bilshovsky-Gros method and the electron microscopic method to identify neuromuscular endings. Results. The data of histological and electron microscopic examination of skeletal muscle fibers and their neuromuscular endings under conditions of prolonged hypokinesia indicate their regular restructuring during the development of muscles, the formation of their synapses and structures that are associated with them at different stages of ontogenesis. Conclusion. The study provides an in-depth understanding of the relative frequency and nature of the disturbance of the neuromuscular endings during prolonged hypokinesia and its effect on the dynamics of structural adjustment of individual types of muscle fibers in ontogenesis.

scholarly journals The Peculiarities of Remodelling Muscle Tissue of Rats Under the Vibration Influence

PRILOZI ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazar M. Kostyshyn ◽  
Liybov P. Kostyshyn ◽  
Marta I. Servetnyk ◽  
Mechyslav R. Grzegotsky
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Vertical Vibration ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Transverse Strain ◽  
Vibration Acceleration ◽  
Tissue Remodelling ◽  
Acceleration Level ◽  
Permissible Levels ◽  
Sexually Mature

Abstract Study of the influence of vibration oscillations of different frequency, amplitude and vibration acceleration on the structural and functional state and mechanisms of muscle tissue remodelling. An experimental study was conducted on sexually mature male rats. The rats of the four experimental groups were subjected to vertical vibration oscillations of 15, 25, 50 and 75 Hz, respectively. It has been established that pathological changes in muscle tissue in the form of different variants of damage and remodelling tend to increase, which correlates with the frequency of vibration, amplitude and vibration acceleration level, as in the 2nd group, where the maximum permissible vibration levels did not exceed the established allowable norms, and in other groups of animals, where the permissible levels of total vibration were exceeded. By increasing vibration acceleration for more than 1.25 m/s2 (0.13 g, frequency more than 25 Hz and amplitude of 2 mm), severe damages are observed in the form of alterative changes of muscle fibres with the disappearance of transverse strain, homogenization of sarcoplasm, fragmentation with dissociation fibres on separate beams, partial and subtotal myocytolysis, and necrosis of separate fibres. Inflammation is rapidly increasing with the increase in the frequency of vibration and the level of vibration acceleration for more than 5.0 m/s2 (0.51 g).

Degenerative changes in the muscle fibers of Manduca sexta during metamorphosis

1992 ◽  
Vol 167 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Rheuben
Keyword(s):  
Manduca Sexta ◽  
Basal Lamina ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Resting Potential ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Intimate Contact ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dense Granules

The ultrastructural changes associated with the early stages of degeneration of the larval mesothoracic muscle fibers of Manduca sexta were examined during the prepupal period and on the first day after ecdysis. Over this 5 day period, the muscle fibers decrease in cross-sectional area but increase in apparent surface area compared to the dimensions of early fifth-instar fibers. Large numbers of electron-dense granules or droplets are formed and extruded from the muscle cytoplasm into the hemolymph; this process may account for some of the decrease in muscle fiber mass and may represent a developmental mechanism for recycling nutrients. As the fibers shrink, the thick basal lamina is thrown into folds. Phagocytic hemocytes (granulocytes) congregate in clusters over the surface of the degenerating fibers and appear to remove specifically the basal lamina. The timely removal of the thick larval basal lamina may be essential for subsequent fusion of myoblasts to the residual larval myofibers. The contractile elements within the degenerating muscle fibers become disorganized but are not dysfunctional at the end of the first 12 h after the pupal ecdysis. Tracheoles withdraw from intimate contact with each muscle fiber in its clefts and T-tubules and associate in groups adjacent to it. Mitochondria appear to be degenerating. These structural changes are concurrent with a previously observed decline in resting potential and suggest that a significant change in the electrical properties of the muscle fibers should be expected as well.

scholarly journals The effect of hyperhomocysteinemia on the patterns of electron microscopic changes in the liver of adult rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Halahan ◽  
O. Ye. Maievskyi ◽  
Yu. Yo. Guminskyi ◽  
A. P. Korol
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Ito Cells ◽  
Young Rats ◽  
Experimental Group

One of the important tasks of modern science is to find biochemical markers that would be able to reflect the risks of development and the nature of the course of various diseases, as well as to predict their possible consequences. In recent years, a significant number of compounds that can affect the biochemical profile of the organism have been identified. Homocysteine – a product of methionine metabolism, belongs to one of these markers, and the effects of its influece on the structure and function of various organs are being actively studied by modern researchers. The aim of the study is to find the patterns of electron microscopic changes in the liver structure of adult rats with hyperhomocysteinemia. The experimental study was performed on 22 white nonlinear mature male rats, which were divided into a control group and an experimental group. A model of persistent hyperhomocysteinemia was created by administering to rats of experimental group thiolactone homocysteine at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight intragastrically for 60 days. The study of ultrastructural changes in the liver of rats was performed using an electron microscope PEM-125K. In adult rats with experimental hyperhomocysteinemia at the ultrastructural level, dystrophic and destructive changes in hepatocytes, endotheliocytes in the walls of sinusoids and Kupffer cells were found. These changes were more pronounced than in young rats with experimental hyperhomocysteinemia. Revealed structural changes in decompensation (depletion) of mitochondria – fewer number of cristae and enlightened matrix. In contrast to young rats, adult rats with hyperhomocysteinemia in the perisinusoidal spaces showed elongated Ito cells, a significant proportion of the cytoplasm is occupied by the Golgi complex and granular endoplasmic reticulum tanks, indicating protein synthesis for export. In Ito cells, the content of fat droplets, which are located on opposite poles of cells, is reduced. This morphological picture manifests the transformation of Ito cells into fibroblasts.

scholarly journals Effect of the bendiocarb on the ultrastructure of rabbit skeletal muscle

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarína Holovská ◽  
Viera Almášiová ◽  
Lucia Tarabová ◽  
Eva Petrovová ◽  
Viera Cigánková
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Muscle Fibres ◽  
Carbamate Insecticides ◽  
Cytoplasmic Vesicles ◽  
Membrane Bound

Bendiocarb belongs to the group of carbamate insecticides that inhibit acetylcholinesterase. In agriculture, it is used to control a variety of insects, therefore it is important to examine every potential aspect of its toxicology. The aim of this study was to observe the effect of bendiocarb on the ultrastructure of the skeletal muscle in rabbits. Rabbits in all experimental groups received capsules of bendiocarb (96% Bendiocarb, Bayer, Germany) per os daily at a dose of 5 mg/kg body weight. Samples of skeletal muscles were collected on days 10 and 20. On day 10 of the experiment, muscle fibres were not affected consistently. The observed changes were moderate and focal. Electron microscopy revealed dilatation of sarcoplasmic reticulum, and myofilament disorganization. On day 20 of the experiment, the ultrastructural changes in muscle fibres were more intense and more frequent. The most important alteration was the disruption of the sarcomeres due to the lysis of both thick and thin myofilaments. However, in the unchanged regions of muscle fibres a prominent mitochondrial swelling was observed. Many mitochondria lacked cristae and thus appeared as large membrane-bound cytoplasmic vesicles. The results presented in this study indicate that bendiocarb affects the ultrastructure of skeletal muscles. The intensity of damage (dissolution of myofilaments and disruption of sarcomeres) was related to the duration of administration of bendiocarb.

scholarly journals The dynamics of morphological changes of structural components of the intervertebral disc at the end of the thirty-fifth and forty-second days while applying the experimental opioid impact

Morphologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
M. V. Pankiv
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Cellular Components ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sexually Mature

Background. According to the WHO, the diseases of the musculoskeletal system, which cause disability and mortality, rank fourth in the world following cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes. Due to the statistics, every fifth person suffers from back pain. Chronic diseases of musculoskeletal system are also one of the most urgent problems in Ukraine, and about 3.5 million people encountered the problem of musculoskeletal system. Objective. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of opioids on changes of structural components of the intervertebral disc at the end of the fifth and sixth weeks of the experiment. Methods. The materials of the study were 32 sexually mature, outbred male rats, weighing from 125 to 135 g, aged 4.5 months. Animals were injected with nalbuphine intramuscularly daily in the same intervals (at 10-11 am) for 42 days. This aim was achieved by using microscopic techniques of visualization of cellular components of the rat’s intervertebral disc. Histological specimens were prepared according to the common methods using the dye hematoxylin, eosin, azan according to Heidenhain method, PAS reaction according to McManus and Alcian blue according to Steedman. Results. As a result of experimental opioid exposure for 35 and 42 days, we discovered that in 35 days the gelatinous nucleus was reduced and deformed. Notochondral cells were rare. Mostly cell-free zones with a somewhat compacted matrix were localized in the gelatinous nucleus. In 42 days, there were significant structural changes in the gelatinous nucleus, as well as in the structural elements of the fibrous ring and cartilaginous locking plates. The amount of notochondral cells was reduced. The cytoplasm of some notochondral cells was compacted. Conclusion. Pathomorphological changes in the structural components of the intervertebral disc while applying the experimental opioid effect at the end of the 35th and 42nd days will serve as a basis for further study and comparison of the manifestations of opioid chondropathy in the longer periods applying experimental opioid impact.

scholarly journals CHANGES IN ULTRASTRUCTURE OF CALF MUSCLE AND MYOCARDIUM UNDER PHYSICAL LODADING IN EXPERIMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-118
Author(s):  
V. L. Voitenko ◽  
L.M. Gunina
Keyword(s):  
Functional State ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Calf Muscle ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Physical Loading ◽  
Detailed Assessment

Long-term physical activity causes restructuring in the various functions and systems of the body, which are, as a rule, adaptive in nature and occur at all levels of the structural organization of the body. The question of changes in the functional state of the cardiovascular system and, especially, the microcirculatory section of the circulatory system in normal and under the physical exertion and their relationship with ultrastructural remodelling in tissues, cells and cellular organelles is still remaining unclear. The aim of the study was to assess structural changes in the tissues of the calf muscle and myocardium that cause the development of adaptive mechanisms in response to prolonged physical exertion. We studied the structural components of tissue samples of calf muscle and the apex of the heart taken from mature Wistar male rats weighing 220-250 g in mass exposed to prolonged physical exertion by using electron microscopy. It has been shown that a long and intense physical loading causes the development of a number of compensatory-adaptive reactions directed at improving microcirculation processes, oxygen supply of skeletal muscles and myocardium, as well as maintaining an adequate level of metabolic processes. A detailed assessment of the functional state of the tissues studied is necessary for the early detection of signs of maladjustment under the constant loading in sports and the prevention of pathological states.

Dynamics of morphological and immunohistochemical changes in myocardium during hypothyroidism modeling in experiment

2022 ◽  
pp. 27-29
Author(s):  
V. S. Botasheva ◽  
N. A. Stadnik ◽  
A. B. Kubanova ◽  
N. I. Samoilov
Keyword(s):  
Immunohistochemical Study ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Mature Male ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Hydropic Degeneration ◽  
Standard Manner ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Sexually Mature

An experimental model of hypothyroidism was obtained by thyroidectomy. The operation was carried out on 57 sexually mature male rats weighing 250–300 g. The experiment lasted 45 days. Laboratory animals were removed from the experiment on days 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th, 35th and 45th. As a control, 15 rats were used that were not operated on. For histological examination, pieces of rat myocardium were taken from the left and right ventricles. The pieces were fixed in 10% buffered formalin for 10 days. Histological sections were prepared in a standard manner. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, picrofuchsin according to van Gieson, toluidine blue, according to Mallory. Results of the study: In the myocardium of rats, hemodynamic disorders, edema, hydropic degeneration of cardiomyocytes, myocytolysis, fragmentation of muscle fibers, colliquation necrosis, compression and atrophy of muscle fibers were found. An immunohistochemical study revealed a decrease in the expression of desmin and sarcomeric actin.

Fine Structural Changes in the Microvasculature of the Mouse Pinna: Aging and Radiation Injury

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 54-55
Author(s):  
S. Phyllis Steamer ◽  
Rosemarie L. Devine
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Radiation Treatment ◽  
Arterial Stenosis ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Vascular Effects ◽  
Microvascular Changes ◽  
Surrounding Connective Tissue ◽  
Fission Neutrons ◽  
Total Body

The importance of radiation damage to the skin and its vasculature was recognized by the early radiologists. In more recent studies, vascular effects were shown to involve the endothelium as well as the surrounding connective tissue. Microvascular changes in the mouse pinna were studied in vivo and recorded photographically over a period of 12-18 months. Radiation treatment at 110 days of age was total body exposure to either 240 rad fission neutrons or 855 rad 60Co gamma rays. After in vivo observations in control and irradiated mice, animals were sacrificed for examination of changes in vascular fine structure. Vessels were selected from regions of specific interest that had been identified on photomicrographs. Prominent ultrastructural changes can be attributed to aging as well as to radiation treatment. Of principal concern were determinations of ultrastructural changes associated with venous dilatations, segmental arterial stenosis and tortuosities of both veins and arteries, effects that had been identified on the basis of light microscopic observations. Tortuosities and irregularly dilated vein segments were related to both aging and radiation changes but arterial stenosis was observed only in irradiated animals.

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