scholarly journals Control of soil weediness and sugar beets by after crop green manure and different tillages

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-524
Author(s):  
Yu. G. Mishchenko ◽  
I. M. Masik
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
High Yields ◽  
To Receive

The research program envisaged the studying of the variation of weediness of sugar beet crops under the influence of after crop sideration and the application of soil protection cultivation. The application of oil radish green manure provided a significant decrease in the amount of seed weeds in the entire 0-30cm layer of soil in comparison with the non-seeded background on 2.8-3.4 mln. seeds ha-1 and a significant decrease in the weed density of all biological groups weeds on 0.5-6.5 weeds m-2 and their weight on 5.6-77.4g m-2 for the period of growing sugar beets. Comparing to plowing the methods of mouldboard-free cultivation provided a significant increase in the quantity of weed seeds in the layer of soil 0-10cm to 18.3-22.9×106 seeds ha-1 and their significant decrease deeper than 10cm on 19.0-23.3 mln. seeds ha-1. Among the variants of mouldboard-free cultivation the lowest amount of weed seeds in the soil layer of 0-5cm was discounted at the deepest cultivation – 24.5 and 23.5×106 seeds ha-1. The decrease of the depth of the mouldboard-free cultivation led to a significant increase in the weed density (by 4.8-68.2 weeds m-2) and their weight (82.5-1193.5g m-2) in sugar beet crops and a substantial shortfall in yields of root crops – 2.9-5.8t ha-1. It follows from the research results that the application of after crop siderate of radish oil and basic mouldboard-free cultivation reduce the potential amount of weed seeds of root layer 0-30 сm; the deep soil cultivation on 28-30cm at the siderate background provides the greatest decrease in real weediness of sugar beet crops and allows to receive high yields of crops – 34.3 t ha-1.

scholarly journals The effect of green manures on weediness of sugar beet

2019 ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Y.Н. Mishchenko ◽  
E.A. Zakharchenko
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Sugar Beet Crop ◽  
The Impact

Thіs study aimed to investigate the effect of  aplying post-harvest green manure on weediness of sugar beet crop rotation. Post-harvest green manure were grown under the conditions of the Scientific Research and Production Complex (NNVK) of Sumy National Agrarian University (Ukraine, Sumy oblast, Sumy region) after harvesting winter wheat from August to October 2000‒2004. After the plowing of it in the following 2001‒2006, a hybrid of sugar beet Umansky FM-97 was grown according to the technologies recommended for the local area. Potential weediness was determined by washing seeds from the soil on sieves at the beginning of the growing season and before harvesting sugar beets, and the actual weediness ‒ by quantitative-weight method before plowing the green manure and into the main stages of growth and development of sugar beets. The experimental plot had the least weediness under oilseed radish and the largest weediness under buckwheat as green manure. During growing seasons the radish oilseed formed good biomass and the number of weeds under its cover was noticeably reduced to 4.8 pieces/m2 and their mass ‒ to 21.8 g/m2. The findings obtained from statistic program showed the strongest correlation between the above-ground mass of radish and the number of weeds ‒ r = -0.55 and their weight ‒ r = -0.56. In the spring the amount of weed seeds under radish cover in the 0‒30 cm soil layer was reduced to 11.4 %, to 101 million units/ha, compared to the control without green manure. The impact factor of the effect of the radish biomass on the potential weediness was highest in all soil layers - within 70‒90 %. The biomass of radish decreased significantly the number of weeds in the sugar beet crops – by 39  to 19.2 pc/m2, and their weight ‒ by 23 % to 354 g/m2, compared to the control without green manure. Green radish oilseed mass had the greatest impact on reducing quantity of weeds – 67 % and their mass – 80 %. Radish cover provided the most significant reduction the potential weediness before harvesting sugar beets ‒ by 12 % in the 0-30 cm soil layer, compared to the control without green manure, where the amount of weed seeds was at 112 million units/ha. The inverse correlation of the radish biomass and the potential weediness at the time of sugar beet harvest was the closest ‒ r = -0.9.

scholarly journals The intensity of mechanical cultivation measures vs. the amount of weed seeds in the soil

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-173
Author(s):  
Marian Wesołowski ◽  
Cezary Kwiatkowski
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Species Composition ◽  
Deep Layer ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Loessial Soil ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Emergence Phase ◽  
Weed Removal

The effect of the number of mechanical operations in sugar beets plantation on the amount and species composition of weed seeds in the 0-5 cm deep layer of the loessial soil was studied. It has been proved that reduction in the number of weed seeds depends upon both the frequency of weeding-out operations and the level of agrotechnic. The highest decrease in the number of fruit and weed seeds was caused by eightfold weed removal which took place during the period from emergence phase to the joining of sugar beet rows. Application of increased mineral fertilization, microelements, fungicides, and insecticides caused the number of weed seeds to be reduced by 5,9%, in comparison to extensive agrotechnical level.

scholarly journals Sugar beets grown in the strip-tillage system at different soil cultivation depths

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 02020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Mioduszewska ◽  
Mariusz Adamski ◽  
Ewa Osuch ◽  
Andrzej Osuch
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
External Quality ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
Crop Density ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Strip Tillage

Modifications in soil cultivation affect the quality and quantity of the yield of sugar beets. The crop density, yield and the external quality of sugar beet roots are highly dependent on the preparation of soil. The intensity and precision of fragmentation of the superficial soil layer and the adequate depth of plantation must enable normal development of sugar beets. The aim of the study was to determine the dependence between the depth of soil cultivation in the strip-tillage system used for sugar beet production and the state of the plantation after the emergence of crops as well as the yield quality and quantity. The research encompassed investigations of different depths of strip-tillage systems used for sugar beet production. The systems were evaluated according to the dynamics of crops’ emergence, density, yield and external quality of sugar beet roots.

scholarly journals Estimation of new lines of multigerm pollinators of Verhnyatska selection sugar beets and their hybrids

2020 ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
О. Dubchak ◽  
L. Andrieieva ◽  
L. Palamarchuk
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Heterosis Effect ◽  
High Selection ◽  
Best Parameter ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Selection Of

The paper highlights the assessment of Verhnyatska selection new combination valuable multigerm of lines – pollinators (МP) efficiency, МS of lines of a different origin and heterozis of hybrids created on their basis. Verhnyatska МP are productive, combination-valuable and plasticity, proved by the hybrid combinations with МS by materials of all skilled-selection stations of a network of Institute of biocrops and sugar beet. At the grade test of 2018 more successful were combinations with МS by lines Ivanivska and Bila Tserkva research selection station. Sugar yield in hybrids made 111.4–108.9 % on the average. A number of experimental hybrids line created with Verhnyatcka selection lines-pollinators in 2019 is listed among the best in sugar yield per hectare. The submitted hybrids STs191125 and STs191134 were characterized by a high parameter of productivity (117.6 and 113.8 % to the standard accordingly). A number of the best hybrids for study in variety ecological testing is selected. Heterosis effect was observed in some cross combinations. The best parameter on productivity (110.0 %) was in the hybrid STs191135 – МS originator of a line of Yaltushkivska RSS. Sugar yield and output were higher than the standard by 8.4 and 14.2 %. The satisfactory parameters of efficiency were observed in the STs190309 hybrid. Its productivity made 104.0 %, sugar yield – 104.1 %, sugar output – 111.8 % to the standard. Significantly high sugar output was in the hybrid STs190815 (119.6 %), where both components of crossing were of Verhnyatska selection. The parameters of productivity, sugar content and yield were 107.7, 100.9 and 109.2 %. Due to a genetic variety of initial materials and successful selection of parental components, their combinational ability and plasticity made it possible to receive new hybrids. Multigerm line-pollinators have high selection value of efficiency parameters. Key words: sugar beet, multigerm, pollinator, fertility, selection, hybrid, productivity.

scholarly journals Competition and critical periods in spring sugar beet cultivation

2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 336-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Mansilla Martínez ◽  
José-Arturo de Juan Valero ◽  
Alfonso Domínguez Padilla ◽  
María-Raquel Picornell Buendía
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Critical Period ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
La Mancha ◽  
Low Costs ◽  
High Yields

AbstractHigh yields with low costs require that sugar beets be kept free of weeds, during critical periods, using labor or chemical treatments. Since the critical periods for this crop in Castilla - La Mancha (Spain) are unknown, the first goal of this study was to determine the effect of early and late competition on yield. The second goal was to determine the critical periods, while taking into consideration the semiarid climatic conditions of this region. Two irrigation farms located in the province of Albacete are dedicated to sugar beet cultivation. These two farms were chosen to carry out the tests March (140,000-150,000 seeds ∙ ha-1) and harvested in October. Two simultaneous and complementary experiments were carried out in each year and farm. Two scenarios were considered with eight different treatments each. In the first one (With Weeds Until - WWU), plots were infested by weeds up to a certain date. In the second one (Free of Weeds Until - FWU), plots were kept free of weeds up to a certain date. For each test, a randomised experimental blocked field was designed and there were four repetitions, each of them containing eight elemental plots (12 m2). Each plot was weeded by hand or weeds were left to grow till a definite date.The results indicated that a 1% loss of yield was reached in the early competition after 14 days, while a loss of 5% was reached after a period of 41 days after it was infested. The results also indicated that in late competition, if a crop is kept clean for 124 days and it is infested afterwards, a 1% loss is reached. However, the loss increases to 5% if the plot is kept clean for 111 days. For a 1% loss the critical period is 110 days and 70 days for a 5% loss.

Sugar Beet Yield and Processing Quality in Relation to Nitrogen Content and Microbiological Diversity of Deep Soil Layer

Sugar Tech ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piergiorgio Stevanato ◽  
Andrea Squartini ◽  
Giuseppe Concheri ◽  
Massimo Saccomani
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Processing Quality ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Deep Soil Layer

scholarly journals Формування поживного режиму ґрунту в полі цукрових буряків залежно від їх удобрення в короткоротаційній плодозмінній сівозміні

2018 ◽  
pp. 43-50
Author(s):  
Я. П. Цвей ◽  
М. В. Тищенко ◽  
С. В. Філоненко ◽  
В. В. Ляшенко
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Exchangeable Potassium ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Mobile Phosphorus ◽  
Organic And Mineral Fertilizers

Наведено результати досліджень впливу різних доз органічних та мінеральних добрив, що вносяться під цукрові буряки в короткоротаційній плодозмінній сівозміні, на вміст нітратного і мінерального азоту, рухомого фосфору та обмінного калію в чорноземі типовому слабкосолонцюватому. У результаті польових досліджень було встановлено, що в зоні недостатнього зволоження в умовах Лівобережного Лісостепу України в короткоротаційній плодозмінній сівозміні формування поживного режиму чорнозему типового слабкосолонцюватого під цукровими буряками залежало від системи удобрення. Найбільший вміст нітратного і мінерального азоту в орному шарі ґрунту виявився на час сходів цукрових буряків на ділянках, де вносили під культуру 50 т/га гною + N90Р120К90, – 17,2 і 20,1 мг/кг ґрунту відповідно. Така доза органічних і мінеральних добрив забезпечила і найбільшу кількість рухомого фосфору в орному шарі у період сходів культури – 80,0 мг/кг ґрунту, що обумовлено зростаючою рухомістю фосфатів з органічних добрив і меншим переходом фосфору в малорозчинні сполуки. Заміна дози добрив із 25 т/га гною + N180Р240К180, яку вносили під цукрові буряки, на 50 т/га гною + N90Р120К90 сприяла підвищенню вмісту обмінного калію в орному шарі ґрунту на час сходів буряків із 170,0 до 177,0 мг/кг ґрунту, що обумовлено високою дозою внесених органічних добрив під культуру, які після мінералізації гною і забезпечили зростання вмісту обмінного калію в ґрунті. Optimization of mineral nutrition of plants is one of the most significant means to regulate physiological processes that determine yield formation of any crop. In intensive farming the yield of crops depends on the natural fertility of soil and weather conditions only by 25%. In this case, fertilizers provide from 30 to 60% of the yield, high quality seeds – from 5 to 20%, and plant protection products – from 5 to 15%. Therefore, studying of the optimal provision of sugar beet plants with nitrogen, mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium due to the application of various doses of organic and mineral fertilizers is important and relevant, especially for the conditions of the zone of inadequate moisture. The purpose of the research was to determine the influence of sugar beet fertilization on the formation of the nutrient regime of the soil underneath in short-rotation fertile crop rotation. The research task was the study of the effect of various doses of organic and mineral fertilizers, applied to sugar beets, on the content of nitrate and mineral nitrogen, as well as  the effect of various fertilization systems used during the cultivation of sugar beets on the content of mobile phosphorus in the field of crop in short-term crop rotation and the study of the content of exchangeable potassium in typical slightly alcanlinized black soil while applying various doses of organic and mineral fertilizers to sugar beets. The following preliminary conclusions can be made based on the data of one-year research: In short-term crop rotation, the highest content of nitrate and mineral nitrogen in the arable soil layer was at the time of germination of sugar beets in the areas where the manure + N90P120K90 was applied in the amount of 50 tons per hectar - 17.2 and 20.1 mg/kg of soil. The application of 50t/ha of manure + N90P120K90provided the largest amount of mobile phosphorus in the arable layer during the period of the crop germination – 80.0 mg/kg of soil, due to the increasing mobility of phosphates from organic fertilizers and a smaller transition of phosphorus in the insoluble compounds. The change of the dose of fertilizers applied to sugar beets from 25 t/ha of manure + N180Р240К180 to 50 t/ha of manure + N90Р120К90resulted in the increase of the content of exchangeable potassium in the arable soil layer during sugar beets germination from 170.0 to 177.0 mg/kg of soil. It is the effect of the application of high dose of organic fertilizers, which after mineralization of manure provided the increase of the content of exchangeable potassium in the soil.

Productivity of sugar beets depending on the method of main soil tillage and levels of fertilization

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (94) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
M. L. Tyrus
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Content ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Soil Protection ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Yielding Capacity ◽  
Root Crops ◽  
Favorable Weather ◽  
Fertilization Level

Soil tillage and fertilization level are important in the system of agro-technical measures that increase soil fertility and sugar beets productivity. Today the cultivation of this crop requires a great deal of expense, therefore, there is a need for a wider study of the use of cheap soil cultivation, soil protection, energy-saving soil tillage technologies and appropriate ferti-lization levels. Under western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine conditions, investigations were conducted on dark grey podzolic light loamy soils where the influence of tillage models and fertilization levels on the formation of sugar beets root crops was studied. Shallow no-plow tillage of the soil on 14-16 cm is expedient to use as a main tillage under sugar beets. Under favorable weather and climatic conditions, it can provide yielding capacity at the level of deep fall plowing. The use of shallow no-plow tillage helped to increase the yielding capacity of sugar beet roots relative to plowing by 28-30 cm for 1.3 t / ha and the biological sugar output – for 0.2 t / ha. Then the sugar content was by 0.1% higher in the application of deep fall plowing on 28-30 cm. The optimization of the system of sugar beets fertilization allows ensuring the growth of the yielding capacity of root crops. It is established that the application of fertilizer norm N300P225K350 provides the yielding capacity at the level of 90 t / ha. The sugar content of root crops at the given fertilizer rate was the lowest in the experiment - 16.5 – 16.6%. Thanks to the high yielding capacity of root crops in terms of N300P225K350, the sugar harvesting was the highest and depending on the method of basic soil tillage was 14.95 – 14.79 t / ha. That is in 3.2 times more as to the control, in 1.3 times more than the norm of N180P135K210 and in 1.1 more than the fertilization level N240P180K280.

CONVISO® SMART – an innovative approach of weed control in sugar beet

2016 ◽  
pp. 517-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Wegener ◽  
Natalie Balgheim ◽  
Maik Klie ◽  
Carsten Stibbe ◽  
Bernd Holtschulte
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Innovative System ◽  
Bayer Cropscience ◽  
Als Inhibitor

KWS SAAT SE and Bayer CropScience AG are jointly developing and commercializing an innovative system of weed control in sugar beet for the global market under the name of CONVISO SMART. The technology is based on the breeding of sugar beet cultivars that are tolerant to herbicides of the ALS-inhibitor-class with a broad-spectrum weed control. This will give farmers a new opportunity to make sugar beet cultivation easier, more flexible in its timing and more efficient. The use of CONVISO, as new herbicide in sugar beet, will make it possible to control major weeds with low dose rates of product and reduced number of applications in the future. The tolerance is based on a change in the enzyme acetholactate synthase, which is involved in the biosynthesis of essential amino acids. This variation can occur spontaneously during cell division. During the development, sugar beets with this spontaneously changed enzyme were specifically selected and used for further breeding of CONVISO SMART cultivars. As such, these varieties are not a product of genetic modification. Field studies with CONVISO SMART hybrids showed complete crop selectivity and a broad and reliable efficacy against a large range of major weeds. The bio-dossier for an EU-wide registration of CONVISO was submitted in April in 2015. The variety inscription process is in preparation in different countries. The system CONVISO SMART is scheduled to be available to farmers in 2018 at the earliest.

Determination of microbiological activity during the processing of frost damaged sugar beets

2014 ◽  
pp. 228-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Wojtczak ◽  
Aneta Antczak-Chrobot ◽  
Edyta Chmal-Fudali ◽  
Agnieszka Papiewska
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Microbiological Activity ◽  
Microbiological Contamination ◽  
Sugar Beets ◽  
Bacterial Metabolites ◽  
Kinetics Of

The aim of the study is to evaluate the kinetics of the synthesis of dextran and other bacterial metabolites as markers of microbiological contamination of sugar beet.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document