scholarly journals Secretory activity of cattle mammary gland tissues during lactation and duration of the interlactation period

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 278-286
Author(s):  
M.D. Kambur ◽  
A.Y. Lermontov ◽  
A.Y. Lermontov
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Functional Regression ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Mammary Gland Tissue

Changes in the secretory activity of mammary gland during the involution period are designed to create conditions for inexhaustible use of the mammary gland, ensure the normal course of structural and functional regression for the development for the next lactation. For animals in which the interlactation period lasted less than 45 days, the absorption of non-esterified fatty acids in the last week of the involution period was 2.8 times higher than in animals in which the interlactation period lasted at least 55 days, 1.48 times higher than the absorption of acetic acid, 1.24 times higher than β-oxybutyric acid, 1.28 times higher than glucose, 2.82 times the total amount of phospholipids and triacylglycerols. For acetic acid, β-oxybutyric acid and glucose, not only higher absorption rates were observed, but also a tendency to increase the absorption level in the last weeks of lactation in animals with an interlactation period of less than 45 days, indicating metabolic changes in mammary gland tissue during the involution period. The duration of the dry period affects the secretory activity of breast tissue during lactation and the quality of milk produced during this period, which is expressed by lower fat content in the product while reducing the duration of the dry period to less than 45 days and reducing milk fat by 10.42% during the next calving. At the same time, the body weight of newborn calves in animals, whose interlactation period was less than 45 days by 19.3%, was lower than the animals of the control group, i.e., those who were in the interlactation period for at least 55 days, which indicates the negative impact of reducing the duration of the dry period on the body of animals.

scholarly journals THE INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT OF EFFECTIVITY OF MINERAL WATER "FATEEVSKAYA" IN PATIENTS WHO USE REMOVABLE DENTAL CONSTRUCTIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-114
Author(s):  
Ольга Садыкова ◽  
Ol'ga Sadykova ◽  
Сергей Жолудев ◽  
Sergey Zholudev ◽  
Антон Еликов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Salivary Secretion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Before And After

Subject. Removable dentures have a negative impact on supporting tissues, biochemical parameters and composition of the microflora of the oral cavity, secretory activity of the salivary glands and other processes of the maxillofacial region and the body as a whole. One of the methods that can be used in the treatment and prevention of prosthetic stomatitis is balneotherapy. In the article, using the clinical, biochemical, microbiological and histological methods, the effectiveness of the use of mineral water "Fateevskaya" in patients using removable orthopedic structures was studied. Objectives of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of procedures for small balneotherapy with the use of mineral water "Fateevskaya" in patients with removable dentures. Methods.We examined 158 elderly and senile age patients with removable dentures. Correction of removable dentures was carried out to all patients at the initial stage. All examined patients are divided into two groups. The group received the treatment with the low balneotherapy with “Fateevskaya” mineral water (78 patients, and the clinical control group (80 patients). The clinical condition of oral cavity was assessed before and after the course of low balneotherapy. Were researched: changes of mucous membrane of prosthetic bed, salivation rates, disturbance of salivary secretion, oral microbiocenosis. Results.Of the research showed that in both groups were increase of pH value, appears lower values of total protein and glucose, decrease in activity of some enzymes. This explanation is due to a decrease in the stress response to using the removable dentures, normalization of salivary glands functioning, decrease in the intensity of the phlogiston process. The results of a histological research also confirm this. The results of microbiological crops before and after the low balneotherapy indicate the oral biocenosis normalization. The positive changes in the researched parameters had significantly larger statistically valid values in the group received the treatment with the low balneotherapy with “Fateevskaya” mineral water. The results of the complex research allow us to recommend the “Fateevskaya” mineral water to low balneotherapy in dental practice.

PROTEOME OF MILK FAT GLOBULE MEMBRANE AND MAMMARY GLAND TISSUE IN GOAT FED DIFFERENT LIPID SUPPLEMENTATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 106378
Author(s):  
Iolly Tábata Oliveira Marques ◽  
Fábio Roger Vasconcelos ◽  
Juliana Paula Martins Alves ◽  
Assis Rubens Montenegro ◽  
César Carneiro Linhares Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Milk Fat Globule Membrane ◽  
Mammary Gland Tissue ◽  
Gland Tissue ◽  
Milk Fat Globule ◽  
Lipid Supplementation ◽  
Fat Globule

scholarly journals Peculiarities of Evaluation of Biological Effects of the Influence of Electromagnetic Radiation in Conditions of Reduced Temperature (Experiment)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-235
Author(s):  
O. Litovchenko ◽  
◽  
I. Perova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Radiation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
The Body ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Reduced Temperature

In modern conditions there is a high need to improve methods for establishing the nature of the combined influence of factors using modern approaches for further development of prevention measures against the negative impact of factors on the body. The purpose of the study was to investigate the combined effect of electromagnetic radiation and low temperatures with subsequent determination of the level of contribution of each factor in the formation of biological effects within the experiment by mathematical analysis of data using the method of artificial intelligence. Materials and methods. The subchronic experiment (30 days) was performed on male rats. The animals were divided into groups: combined exposure to electromagnetic radiation (70 kHz, 600 V/m) and reduced temperature (40C), isolated exposure to reduced temperature, isolated exposure to electromagnetic radiation and a control group. The establishment of biological effects was performed at stages 5, 15 and 30 days of the experiment. Changes in the body were assessed by physiological, biochemical and immunological parameters of the blood (30 indicators). Data processing was performed using computational intelligence methods (Neuro-fuzzy system). Results and discussion. The combined effect of the factors was manifested by the following biological effects: intensification of peroxidation processes with simultaneous moderate suppression of antioxidant protection, intensification of lipid metabolism was characterized by dyslipoproteinemia, manifesting in: increase in triglycerides, cholesterol and its fractions. Changes of the immune system were decrease in the ability of neutrophils to phagocytosis at different stages of the experiment, imbalance of the activation of the system of reducing the concentration of C4 at the background of increased intensity of IgM and IgG synthesis. The method of determining the intensity of the factors, developed on the basis of factor and cluster analysis, allowed to determine that during the experiment the ratios between the factors changed, but the greatest contribution was made by reduced temperature by both biochemical parameters (63%) and immunological (53%) at the same time, the level of electromagnetic radiation contribution was 37% and 47%, respectively. Thus, the reduced temperature was the leading factor in the combined effect, which added 60% to the overall biological effect throughout the study, against the effect of electromagnetic radiation for which the level of contribution was only 40%. By means of the factor analysis informative indicators, making it possible to establish the characteristics of biological effects, and therefore leading indicators in formation of biological effects were the increase in concentration of DC with simultaneous decrease in concentration of SH-groups, increase in VLDL and suppression of oxygen-dependent metabolism of neutrophil-test. Conclusion. Thus, the tested mathematical approach allowed to determine the leading role of each of the studied factors under the conditions of their combined influence in different systems, which allows to predict probable appropriate reactions of the whole organism and gives a reasonable approach to the development of preventive measures

scholarly journals Effect of estrogens and their metabolites genotoxicity on the pathogenesis and progression of estrogen-dependent breast cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 909-919
Author(s):  
Ewa Sawicka ◽  
Arkadiusz Woźniak ◽  
Małgorzata Drąg-Zalesińska ◽  
Agnieszka Piwowar
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mammary Gland Tissue ◽  
Oncological Diseases ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
Estradiol Metabolites ◽  
Genotoxic Action

Oncological diseases, due to the still increasing morbidity and mortality, are one of the main problems of modern medicine. Cancer of the mammary gland is the most common cancer among women around the world, and is the second cause of cancer deaths in this group, immediately after lung cancer. This kind of cancer belongs to an estrogen-dependent cancer, with proven associations with hormonal disorders in the body, occurring especially in the perimenopausal period and among women using hormone replacement therapy, as well as a result of the action of various xenobiotics that may interact with the estrogen receptor. Hormone steroids are widely used in medicine and their side effects are constantly discussed. The role of these compounds and their metabolites in maintaining hormonal balance is well understood, while many studies indicate the possible contribution of these steroids in the progression of the cancer process, especially in mammary gland tissue. Therefore, the genotoxic action of this group of compounds is still studied. Due to the limited number of scientific reports, the aim of this paper was to review and critically analyze data from the literature regarding the participation of estrogens (17β-estradiol) and their metabolites (2-methoxy estradiol, 4-hydroxy estradiol, 16α-hydroxyestrone) in the induction of carcinogenesis in mammary gland, in particular concerning the genotoxic activity of 17β-estradiol metabolites.

Digestibility of nutrients and energy metabolism in lactating cows when sapropel is included in the ration

2021 ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
L. P. Yarmots ◽  
G. A. Yarmots ◽  
A. E. Belenkaya ◽  
M. O. Smyshlyaeva
Keyword(s):  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Main Trend ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Positive Effect

Unbalanced mineral and vitamin nutrition of lactating cows can be a critical factor in the realization of their productive potential. The development and introduction into production of inexpensive, but effective feed additives is the main trend of improving the feeding of modern animal husbandry. Under the conditions of the Tyumen region such natural raw materials can be sapropels, which successfully combine a variety of biologically active substances. The purpose of the research was to study the digestibility of nutrients and energy metabolism in lactating cows when sapropel is included in the ration. Scientifi c and economic experiment in the study of the effectiveness of feeding sapropel lake Nepryak has been carried out in the training and experimental farm of the State Northern Trans-Urals Agrarian University. The animals of the control group have been fed the main diet. Cows of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups have been fed 300 and 500 g of sapropel per head/day, respectively, in addition to the main ration. It has been found as a result of research that the introduction of sapropel into the ration of cows has a positive effect on the digestibility of nutrients. The digestibility coefficients were higher in the animals of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups compared with the cows of the control group. Cows from the experimental groups digested all the organic substances of the ration better. During the experiment period cows of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups in contrast to the control group had higher milk yield by 11,31 and 10,38 %, respectively, milk protein yield by 10,56 and 5,95 %, milk fat yield by 17,18 and 12,99 %. It has been established that the introduction of sapropel into the ration of cows has the positive effect on the digestibility of nutrients, contributes to the increase of milk productivity, normalizes the metabolism in the body.

Changes in the quantity and composition of mammary gland secretion in the dry period between lactations: I. The beginning of the dry period

1967 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. V. Wheelock ◽  
A. Smith ◽  
F. H. Dodd ◽  
R. L. J. Lyster
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Gland Secretion ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Proteose Peptone ◽  
Β Lactoglobulin

SummaryThe changes in the yield and composition of the mammary gland secretion in the first 16 days of the dry period have been investigated in 6 cows. The quantity of secretion, lactose, potassium, casein, α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin and fat present in the gland decreased rapidly. A decrease was also observed for sodium, chloride, residual albumin and proteose-peptone + globulin but was much less marked. Changes in composition were qualitatively similar to those normally occurring at the end of lactation but they were much more pronounced. Within 8 days after drying-off the concentrations in the secretion of sodium, chloride and potassium were similar to those of blood. There were differences between, animals in the rate at which the changes developed. As the secretory activity of the gland ceased, the constituents of the mammary gland secretion appeared to be resorbed.

scholarly journals Identification of regulatory networks and hub genes controlling mammary gland development and lactation in dairy goats during the late lactation, dry period, and late gestation stages

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Xuan ◽  
Tianle Chao ◽  
Xiaodong Zhao ◽  
Aili Wang ◽  
Yunpeng Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Differentially Expressed Genes ◽  
Mammary Gland Development ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Mammary Gland Tissue ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Gland Development

Abstract Background From the late lactation to late gestation stages, the mammary gland tissue of goats undergoes a process from involution to remodeling and then to high differentiation of mammary gland tissue. From the perspective of lactation, this is a continuous development process of the goat mammary gland from the termination of lactation to the restoration of lactation. We performed transcriptome sequencing on goat mammary gland tissues at three mammary gland developmental stages to screen for differentially expressed genes that affect mammary gland development and the physiological process of lactation and mapped their expression profiles in three stages. The objective of this study is to reveal the expression characteristics of these genes and their potential function during mammary gland development and lactation. Results We identified 1,381 differentially expressed genes in the mammary gland during three stages and found that the expression level of genes encoding casein, such as alpha-s1-casein (CSN1S1), alpha-s2-casein (CSN1S2), beta-casein (CSN2), and kappa-casein (CSN3), and alpha-lactalbumin (LALBA) were higher in mammary gland tissues during the late lactation stage and late gestation stage than those during the dry period. In addition, we constructed six functional networks related to differentially expressed genes and found that these genes are closely related to mammary gland growth and development, apoptosis, immunity, substance transport, biosynthesis, and metabolism. Finally, we identified 35 differentially expressed transcription factors, which were classified into 16 families, and predicted that transcription factors of the basic leucine zipper domain (bZIP) family and basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family regulated the expression levels of genes related to mammary gland development and lactation. Conclusions Among the late lactation, dry period, and late gestation stages, there are differences in the expression levels of genes related to mammary gland growth and development, apoptosis, immunity, basic substance transport, biosynthesis, and metabolism in mammary gland tissues. Some genes in the same family or with similar functions have similar expression patterns. These differentially expressed genes or transcription factors work synergistically to participate in the regulation of mammary gland development and the physiological process of lactation.

scholarly journals Methods of Developing the Ability to Balance in Young Gymnasts

2020 ◽  
pp. 205-210
Author(s):  
Andrey O. Mironov ◽  
◽  
Ksenia D. Larkina ◽  
Zoya I. Petrina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sports Training ◽  
Training Process ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Classical Dance ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Experimental Group

Balances in rhythmic gymnastics constitute one of the basic groups of elements. When performing any elements of the program, it is extremely important for a gymnast to maintain the balance of the body and its parts in relation to each other. At the same time, flexibility is considered a fundamental quality in the sport in question, for it determines both selection and training in sports schools. The aim of the study was to substantiate the effectiveness of the training program for young gymnasts at the initial stage of sports training (1st year of training) based on the methodology of developing the ability to balance. The study was conducted from September 2017 to March 2018 on the basis of Sports School of the Olympic Reserve No. 42 (Moscow). The participants were of the same age, which ensures the qualitative homogeneity of the sample. Two groups of participants – experimental and control – were randomly formed. In the experimental group, the training of young gymnasts was conducted according to the methodology, the main provisions of which are: the division of training in the direction of the development of physical qualities in accordance with the schedule; the use of parterre gymnastics exercises as a warm-up; a strictly determined sequence in the development of elements (small poses, concluding exercises, large poses of classical dance, forms of basic equilibria, complicated equilibria, turns). The results of the control tests showed that, in the experimental group, the average increase in the index of ability to equilibria (Δe = 30.8%) was significantly higher than in the control group (Δc = 8.3%). The practical application of the proposed technique is that it can be used in the organization of the training process of young gymnasts at the stage of initial sports training (1st year of training). Currently, when training novice athletes, the emphasis is on the development of the physical quality of flexibility. In the course of the study, the authors found it necessary to answer the question of whether the developed technique had a negative impact on the development of flexibility. They analyzed the flexibility tests used in the selection of gymnasts and saw that the quality of change in both groups was comparable. Therefore, it can be concluded that the developed methodology does not prevent the development of flexibility. The results of this study will serve as a starting point for further research on the problem of the content of the training process of young gymnasts at the stage of initial sports training.

scholarly journals Correction of antioxidant protection of cows organism in theperiod of laboratory drugs with content of non-participants of metals

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (83) ◽  
pp. 204-207
Author(s):  
I.B. Kobilyukh
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Free Radical Oxidation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Diene Conjugates ◽  
Radical Oxidation ◽  
Black And White ◽  
White Breed

The enhancement of free radical oxidation, characteristic of inflammatory processes, is accompanied by a violation of the properties of biological membranes, the functioning of cells and damage to surrounding tissues. The purpose and task of the research was to make correction of antioxidant protection of the body of cows during the period of dry preparations containing nanoparticles of metals. To activate the antioxidant system of the body of cows during the dry period, use the vitamin complex «Nanovit». The experiment was conducted on cows of Ukrainian dairy black-and-white breed in Agroprodservice-Invest LLP of the Kozivsky District of the Ternopil Oblast. The experiment was conducted before 35–25 days to the calves birth where the experimental and control groups of cows were formed (n = 10). Cows of the experimental group for 35–25 days to the cattle, intramuscularly injected 5.0 ml vitamin complex «Nanovit» (composition: vitamins A, D, E and nanoparticles Cu, Zn, Mn, Co). Producer of «NVP» LLC «Ecological Capital». Cows of the control group for 35–25 days to the catheter, intramuscularly administered 15.0 ml of the drug Prodevit-tetra (1 ml of the preparation contains vitamin A – 50000 IU, vitamin D – 25000 IU, vitamin E – 20 mg, vitamin F – 6 mg). Manufacturer of Product Ltd. The study found that vitamins A, D, E, and nanoparticles Cu, Zn, Mn, Co, which are part of the drug «Nanovit», activate the antioxidant system of the body of cows during the dry period. So after the application of the drug «Nanovit» in the body of cows there was a decrease of 58.5% (Р ≤ 0.01) of diene conjugates and 95.0% (Р ≤ 0.001) of TBK-active products against the background of an increase of 20.0% (Р ≤ 0.01) activity of catalase. After the application of the drug «Nanovit», the service period of the period from cows decreased by 54 days, and the index of insemination decreased by 0.2 units against the cows fed «Prodevit-tetra», indicating a positive effect of the drug containing the nanoparticles of metals Cu, Zn, Mn, Co and vitamins A, D, E during the post-period period in cows.

scholarly journals Influence of diets supplemented with naturally protected or unprotected eucalyptus oil on methane production and lactating buffalo productivity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fawzy Mohamed Abo-Donia ◽  
Mohamed Youssif Elaref ◽  
Abd El-Moniem Ali Sayed Mahgoub ◽  
Tarek Abd El Wahab Ahmed Deraz ◽  
Usama Aboelez Nayel
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Mixture ◽  
Eucalyptus Oil

Abstract This study was designed to investigate the influence of naturally protected eucalyptus oil supplementation in a form of leaves (EUL) or mature seed capsules (EUS) compared to crude eucalyptus oil (EUO). The control group (G1) received a diet containing concentrate feed mixture, fresh berseem, rice straw, and corn silage. Whereas the G2, G3, and G4 animals have a diet supplemented with 200 g/head/day of EUL or EUS or 4 mL/head/day EUO, respectively. Supplementation of EUL or EUS increased NH3-N, SCFA’s, and concentrations of acetic acid in-vitro. Bacterial total count, protozoa, and cellulolytic bacteria increased (P < 0.05) with EUL and EUS supplementation. Methane production dropped (P < 0.05) with EUS, EUL, and EUO supplementation. Milk fat decreased (P < 0.05) with EUO supplementation, while an adverse trend was shown for lactose. No differences in feed conversion were found among EUS, EUL, and EUO. Blood total protein, albumin, and urea increased (P < 0.05) with supplementation of EUL or EUS compared to EUO. EUO supplementation yielded increased (P < 0.05) AST, ALT, glucose, and creatinine. Supplementation with EUL, EUS, or EUO decreased (P < 0.05) DM, OM, and CP digestibility. While digestibility of EE with supplementation by EUL, EUS, or EUO was higher (P < 0.05). The digestion coefficient of NDF and ADF decreased (P < 0.05) with supplemental EUL, EUS, or EUO compared to the G1 diet. Feeding EUS increased the values of TDN and DCP compared to EUL, which increased than EUO. Our results confirm that the naturally protected form of leaves or seeds mitigates the undesirable effects of directly supplementing crude eucalyptus oil.

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