scholarly journals Effect of estrogens and their metabolites genotoxicity on the pathogenesis and progression of estrogen-dependent breast cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 909-919
Author(s):  
Ewa Sawicka ◽  
Arkadiusz Woźniak ◽  
Małgorzata Drąg-Zalesińska ◽  
Agnieszka Piwowar
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mammary Gland Tissue ◽  
Oncological Diseases ◽  
17Β Estradiol ◽  
Estradiol Metabolites ◽  
Genotoxic Action

Oncological diseases, due to the still increasing morbidity and mortality, are one of the main problems of modern medicine. Cancer of the mammary gland is the most common cancer among women around the world, and is the second cause of cancer deaths in this group, immediately after lung cancer. This kind of cancer belongs to an estrogen-dependent cancer, with proven associations with hormonal disorders in the body, occurring especially in the perimenopausal period and among women using hormone replacement therapy, as well as a result of the action of various xenobiotics that may interact with the estrogen receptor. Hormone steroids are widely used in medicine and their side effects are constantly discussed. The role of these compounds and their metabolites in maintaining hormonal balance is well understood, while many studies indicate the possible contribution of these steroids in the progression of the cancer process, especially in mammary gland tissue. Therefore, the genotoxic action of this group of compounds is still studied. Due to the limited number of scientific reports, the aim of this paper was to review and critically analyze data from the literature regarding the participation of estrogens (17β-estradiol) and their metabolites (2-methoxy estradiol, 4-hydroxy estradiol, 16α-hydroxyestrone) in the induction of carcinogenesis in mammary gland, in particular concerning the genotoxic activity of 17β-estradiol metabolites.

scholarly journals Ayurveda and Modern Perspective on Rajonivrittiw.s.r. to Menopause: Review Based on Literary Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (11) ◽  
pp. 109-113
Author(s):  
Monika Kumari ◽  
Mahesh Dixit ◽  
Narendra Kumar Meena
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
The Body ◽  
Term Therapy ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Long Term Therapy ◽  
Modern Perspective

Menopause, a phenomenon unique to women, is the ending of a woman’s monthly menstrual period and ovulation. It, alongside, several other changes in the bodyand mind, brought in due to a decline in the amount of the hormones estrogen and progesterone being produced by the body. Menopause is, occasionally, viewed as an end to youth and sexuality, making it a socially unacceptable occurrence. Menopause, though,one of the important physical and mental milestones in a woman’s life, many women lack information about what is taking place and what are their options. There comes the role of Ayurveda , in Ayurveda literature there is no detailed description of Rajonivrittior menopause except the age of Rajonivrittiis given as 50 years. Ayurveda involves a holistic physiological system based on balance, with its cardinal doctrine of human physiology being constituted by “vata”, “pitta” and “kapha”. In modern medicine the only treatment for these symptoms is Hormone replacement therapy (HRT), which is not a long-term therapy to be given as it has side effects on the overall health of the women. In Ayurveda Dhatu kshaya can be treated with Rasayanatherapy and other symptoms of hypo-estrogenic conditions can be treated with Phytoestrogens. So, Ayurveda gives a non-hormonal and cost-effective treatment for Rajonivrittior Menopause.

scholarly journals The Role of Phlebotomy (Fasd) and Wet Cupping (Hijamat) to Manage Dizziness and Vertigo From the Viewpoint of Persian Medicine

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gholamreza Kordafshari ◽  
Mohammad Reza Shams Ardakani ◽  
Mansoor Keshavarz ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Esfahani ◽  
Esmaeil Nazem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Health System ◽  
Mechanism Of Action ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Pharmacological Therapy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Full Control ◽  
Persian Medicine

Dizziness and vertigo are the most common complaints of patients that has a high economic burden on the health system. In modern medicine, treatment for dizziness and vertigo consists of chemical pharmacological therapy. Although these drugs are useful in controlling the disease, their side effects and inefficiency in full control of the disease require the use of complementary medicine in this field. Persian medicine consists of valuable experiences of Persian medicine scholars based on the theory of humors and temperaments. In Persian medicine, 2 types of disease are presented: dizziness ( sadar) and vertigo ( dovar). Persian medicine physicians expressed a different mechanism of action than modern medicine for these diseases. They believed that accumulation of abnormal humors, reeh (normal bloating) or causative pathologic substances, is the basic cause of sadar and dovar and that the most important treatment is cleansing the body, particularly the head from accumulated substances by bloodletting methods.

scholarly journals Secretory activity of cattle mammary gland tissues during lactation and duration of the interlactation period

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 278-286
Author(s):  
M.D. Kambur ◽  
A.Y. Lermontov ◽  
A.Y. Lermontov
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Functional Regression ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Mammary Gland Tissue

Changes in the secretory activity of mammary gland during the involution period are designed to create conditions for inexhaustible use of the mammary gland, ensure the normal course of structural and functional regression for the development for the next lactation. For animals in which the interlactation period lasted less than 45 days, the absorption of non-esterified fatty acids in the last week of the involution period was 2.8 times higher than in animals in which the interlactation period lasted at least 55 days, 1.48 times higher than the absorption of acetic acid, 1.24 times higher than β-oxybutyric acid, 1.28 times higher than glucose, 2.82 times the total amount of phospholipids and triacylglycerols. For acetic acid, β-oxybutyric acid and glucose, not only higher absorption rates were observed, but also a tendency to increase the absorption level in the last weeks of lactation in animals with an interlactation period of less than 45 days, indicating metabolic changes in mammary gland tissue during the involution period. The duration of the dry period affects the secretory activity of breast tissue during lactation and the quality of milk produced during this period, which is expressed by lower fat content in the product while reducing the duration of the dry period to less than 45 days and reducing milk fat by 10.42% during the next calving. At the same time, the body weight of newborn calves in animals, whose interlactation period was less than 45 days by 19.3%, was lower than the animals of the control group, i.e., those who were in the interlactation period for at least 55 days, which indicates the negative impact of reducing the duration of the dry period on the body of animals.

Psychosomatic Knowledge and the Role of the Physician: A Sociological View

1974 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard J. Bergen
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Psychosomatic Medicine ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sociological View ◽  
The Way

One of the important tasks for psychosomatic medicine is that of educating clinical specialties outside of Psychiatry to the way in which psychosocial factors are implicated in illness. There is reason to believe that this educative task is more complicated than it appears at first glance. One of the difficulties may lie in a resistance on the part of physicians to integrating psychosocial knowledge into their ongoing activities because of a threat which that information poses to the historical foundation of their role. Following Foucault's study of the origin of modern medicine, this foundation can be said to be grounded in the belief that the truth of the suffering patient is that which reveals itself in the space of the body to the informed gaze of the physician. Psychosocial knowledge confronts the physician with the need to accept coexistent realities of the suffering of illness. As disruptive as educating physicians to this idea of “coexistent realities of illness” may be, it is essentially a task, belonging to psychosomatic medicine, of bringing the physician into the circle of scientific modernity.

scholarly journals Estrogen promotes cutaneous wound healing via estrogen receptor β independent of its antiinflammatory activities

2010 ◽  
Vol 207 (9) ◽  
pp. 1825-1833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Campbell ◽  
Elaine Emmerson ◽  
Faith Davies ◽  
Stephen C. Gilliver ◽  
Andre Krust ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Antiinflammatory Activity ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Skin Wound ◽  
The Body ◽  
Estrogen Replacement ◽  
Skin Wound Healing ◽  
Skin Repair ◽  
Increased Risk

Post-menopausal women have an increased risk of developing a number of degenerative pathological conditions, linked by the common theme of excessive inflammation. Systemic estrogen replacement (in the form of hormone replacement therapy) is able to accelerate healing of acute cutaneous wounds in elderly females, linked to its potent antiinflammatory activity. However, in contrast to many other age-associated pathologies, the detailed mechanisms through which estrogen modulates skin repair, particularly the cell type–specific role of the two estrogen receptors, ERα and ERβ, has yet to be determined. Here, we use pharmacological activation and genetic deletion to investigate the role of both ERα and ERβ in cutaneous tissue repair. Unexpectedly, we report that exogenous estrogen replacement to ovariectomised mice in the absence of ERβ actually delayed wound healing. Moreover, healing in epidermal-specific ERβ null mice (K14-cre/ERβL2/L2) largely resembled that in global ERβ null mice. Thus, the beneficial effects of estrogen on skin wound healing are mediated by epidermal ERβ, in marked contrast to most other tissues in the body where ERα is predominant. Surprisingly, agonists to both ERα and ERβ are potently antiinflammatory during skin repair, indicating clear uncoupling of inflammation and overall efficiency of repair. Thus, estrogen-mediated antiinflammatory activity is not the principal factor in accelerated wound healing.

scholarly journals ‘Magic coins’ and ‘magic squares’: the discovery of astrological sigils in the Oldenburg Letters

2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Marie Roos
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
The Body ◽  
Perceived Efficacy ◽  
Magic Squares ◽  
Early Modern Medicine

Enclosed in a 1673 letter to Henry Oldenburg were two drawings of a series of astrological sigils, coins and amulets from the collection of Strasbourg mathematician Julius Reichelt (1637–1719). As portrayals of particular medieval and early modern sigils are relatively rare, this paper will analyse the role of these medals in medieval and early modern medicine, the logic behind their perceived efficacy, and their significance in early modern astrological and cabalistic practice. I shall also demonstrate their change in status in the late seventeenth century from potent magical healing amulets tied to the mysteries of the heavens to objects kept in a cabinet for curiosos. The evolving perception of the purpose of sigils mirrored changing early modern beliefs in the occult influences of the heavens upon the body and the natural world, as well as the growing interests among virtuosi in collecting, numismatics and antiquities.

Strongyloides ratti: studies of 75Se-labelled larvae of the homogonic strain in female hosts

Parasitology ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. G. Wilson ◽  
Norma E. Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
The Body ◽  
Post Injection ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Point Of Entry ◽  
Round Worm ◽  
Quantitative Changes ◽  
Pattern Of Invasion

SummaryA prediction of the hypothesis of Wilson (1977, 1980a, b) to account for larval migration of homogonic Strongyloides ratti in the host is that the pattern of invasion of the mammary gland of a lactating rat will be quantitatively similar on both sides and independent of the point of entry into the body. Twenty-one suckled mother rats in 6 experiments in which live 75Se-labelled 3rd-stage homogonic larvae were injected under the skin of the upper flank had an overall distribution of label 30 h post-injection, as a percentage of the initial dose, in the quadrants, I (rear, injection side), II (rear, opposite injection side), III (front, injection side) and IV (front, opposite injection side) of the mammary gland as follows: 27·4%, 1·27%, 1·89% and 1·24%. Quantitative changes in mammary label between 30 and 48 h post-injection using live larvae, differences between mothers and virgins, and results after injection of heat-killed labelled larvae, confirm that the pattern is representative of the behaviour of normal (unlabelled) worms when injected. The theory is therefore disproved. The findings are put forward as the first quantitative evidence for major lymphatic involvement in migration of a skin-penetrating round worm. They need confirmation in similar experiments in which worms are allowed to penetrate the skin naturally. The role of isotope-labelled larvae versus traditional methods of estimating parasite content of host tissue is discussed.

scholarly journals Protective Roles of Honey in Reproductive Health: A Review

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3322
Author(s):  
Siti Sarah Mohamad Zaid ◽  
Siti Suraya Ruslee ◽  
Mohd Helmy Mokhtar
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Clinical Investigations ◽  
Women's Lives

Nowadays, most people who lead healthy lifestyles tend to use natural products as supplements, complementary medicine or alternative treatments. Honey is God’s precious gift to mankind. Honey has been highly appreciated and extensively used since ancient history due to its high nutritional and therapeutic values. It is also known to enhance fertility. In the last few decades, the important role of honey in modern medicine has been acknowledged due to the large body of convincing evidence derived from extensive laboratory studies and clinical investigations. Honey has a highly complex chemical and biological composition that consists of various essential bioactive compounds, enzymes, amino and organic acids, acid phosphorylase, phytochemicals, carotenoid-like substances, vitamins and minerals. Reproductive health and fertility rates have declined in the last 30 years. Therefore, this review aimed to highlight the protective role of honey as a potential therapeutic in maintaining reproductive health. The main role of honey is to enhance fertility and treat infertility problems by acting as an alternative to hormone replacement therapy for protecting the vagina and uterus from atrophy, protecting against the toxic effects of xeno-oestrogenic agents on female reproductive functions and helping in the treatment of gynaecological disorders, such as vulvovaginal candidiasis infection, that affect women’s lives.

scholarly journals EFFICACY OF YOGAABHYAS IN THE MANGEMENT OF MADHUMEHA W.S.R TO NIDDM (TYPE 2)

2021 ◽  
Vol 09 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-242
Author(s):  
Bansode Sheetal
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
The Body ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Conscious Control

Ayurveda is the science of living being. It begins with right lifestyle including daily and seasonal health regime designed for each individual based upon their nature, constitution, environment and life circumstances. Madhumeha is the subtype of Prameha. Due to resemblance of the feature of Madhumeha with that of DM explained in modern medicine, it is correlated with DM. According to WHO approximately 220 million people worldwide have type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is widely recognized that stress may have negative effects on health and that patients with type 2 diabetes may be at an increased risk. Yoga is an ancient Indian psychological and physical exercise regime and a number of controlled studies exist on the effectiveness of yoga on diabetes mellitus. Yogic practices strengthen and increase the tone of weak muscles and help with conscious control over autonomic function of the body. So, the present study on the role of Yogaabhyas as a lifestyle modification in Madhumeha. Keywords: Madhumeha, type 2 diabetes, asana in diabetes

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