scholarly journals Influence of seed treatment on microbiota and development of winter wheat seedlings

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
T.O. Rozhkova ◽  
S.V. Stankevych ◽  
A.V. Matsyura
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Considerable Variability ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Chemical Agents ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings ◽  
Wheat Seeds

The microbiota of winter wheat seeds from the North-East of Ukraine was studied by a biological method. Its considerable variability is established over three years (2017–2019). The effect of the treatment agents on most microorganisms of wheat seed microbiota in Ukraine, rather than on its genera and species, is shown. It has been proven that fungicides deleted some species and did not affect the development of others. Chemicals replaced some species or genera of fungi with others or even other microorganisms. Biological seed treatment (Phytosporin-M) has caused less microbiota change than chemical treatment (Maxim 0.25 FS, Rostock, Kinto Duo). Fungicides have replaced the dominance of Alternaria spp. (2017 – 57.8%, 2018 – 63.5%) for the dominance of yeast (Rostock – 54%) and Aureobasidium pullulans (Maxim 0.25 FS – 84.2%) in 2017, bacteria (Maxim 0.25 FS – 72.3%, Rostock – 53.8%) – in 2018. A. pullulans dominated in the microbiota of winter wheat seeds in 2019. The highest amount of A. pullulans was noted for the treatment of seeds by Phytosporin-M (85.9%). The biological seed treatment reduced the amount of Nigrospora spp. and Alternaria spp. Several times (3 and 5, respectively), chemical agents did not give Nigrospora spp. germination reduced the amount of A. pullulans, Alternaria spp. in 2019. Maxim 0.25 FS, Rostock 50%, and Kinto Duo delayed seed germination and seedling development on agar medium and soil, whereas Phytosporin-M – on the contrary, promoted the growth of seedlings and significantly exceeded control.

scholarly journals Влияние гидротермального нанокремнезема на проращивание семян пшеницы в темновом режиме как один из методических аспектов биотехнологии получения функциональных продуктов на основе микрозелени

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 284-297
Author(s):  
В.Н. Зеленков ◽  
В.В. Латушкин ◽  
В.В. Потапов ◽  
М.И. Иванова ◽  
Б.И. Сандухадзе ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Calcium Content ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Dark Mode ◽  
Additional Illumination ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

Исследование посвящено изучению некоторых нанотехнологических аспектов применения гидротермального нанокремнезема для получения нового функционального продукта питания – микрозелени растений (на примере озимой пшеницы). В методическом плане поднимается вопрос об использовании этапа получения пророщенных семян выращивания микрозелени с помощью нанобиотехнологий в темновом варианте без дополнительного искусственного освещения. Обработка семян гидротермальным нанокремнеземом в концентрациях 0,1 и 0,01% способствовала увеличению всхожести семян на 5–6%, средней высоты ростков (микрозелени) на 11,3–11,9%, биомассы растений на 11,0% (0,1%-ный раствор) и 17,6% (0,01%). Более низкие концентрации (0,001 и 0,0001%) мало влияли на изменение посевных свойств семян и рост сеянцев, высокие (1%) оказывали отрицательное воздействие (всхожесть снижалась на 4%, а высота ростков на 14%). Показано, что для повышения всхожести семян на первых этапах при выращивании микрозелени озимой пшеницы в темновом режиме без дополнительного подсвечивания перспективно использование гидротермального нанокремнезема для обработки семян в концентрации 0,01%, а также 0,1%. Обработка нанокремнеземом с разными концентрациями приводит к возрастанию накопления кремния в ростках в 1,5–2 раза по сравнению с контролем. Содержание фосфора, серы, магния, натрия в ростках оставалось относительно стабильным. Содержание кальция возрастало в варианте использования кремнезема 0,01% концентрации, калия – в варианте 0,0001%. Отмечено повышение содержания цинка и меди при обработке семян пшеницы водными золями нанокремнезема в варианте 0,001 %. The research is devoted to study certain nanotechnological aspects of hydrothermal nanosilica applications for obtaining a new functional food product called microgreens (as exemplified by winter wheat). In terms of methodology a question is raised concerning use of the stage when the seeds germinate for further growth of microgreens with the aid of nanotechnologies in a dark mode without additional artificial lightning. Treatment of seeds with hydrothermal nanosilica at concentrations of 0.1% and 0.01% contributed to an increase in seed germination by 5–6%, the average sprout height (microgreens) by 11.3–11.9% and plant biomass by 11.0% (0.1 % solution) and 17.6% (0.01 %). The lower concentrations (0.001% and 0.0001%) had little effect on the change in the sowing properties of seeds and the growth of seedlings while the higher concentrations (1%) produced a negative effect (germination decreased by 4%, and the height of sprouts by 14%). It has been shown that for improving seed germination at the first stages, when growing microgreens of winter wheat in the dark mode without additional illumination, it is promising to use hydrothermal nanosilica for seed treatment at a concentration of 0.01%, as well as 0.1%. Treatment with nanosilica at different concentrations leads to the higher accumulation of silicon in the sprouts by 1.5–2 times compared to the control samples. The content of phosphorus, sulfur, magnesium and sodium in the sprouts remained relatively stable. The calcium content increased in the case of using silica of 0.01% concentration, potassium - in the case of 0.0001%. An increase in the content of zinc and copper was noted during the treatment of wheat seeds with aqueous sols of nanosilica in the variant 0.001%.

Grain productivity of winter wheat as affected by complex fertilizers in the North-West of Russia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Т. Шайкова ◽  
М. Дятлова ◽  
Е. Волкова ◽  
И. Степанова
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Podzolic Soil ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
N Application ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Grain Productivity

В статье представлены данные о влиянии новых комплексных удобрений на урожай зерна и биометрические показатели структуры озимой пшеницы, возделываемой на дерново-подзолистой почве. В исследованиях были изучены способы внесения комплексных удобрений: предпосевная обработка семян комплексным удобрением «Микромак» и двукратное внекорневое внесение препаратов «Кодима Р», «Кодафол», «Микроэл», «Страда N». Исследования проводились на двух минеральных фонах: фон 1 — N40P50K70, фон 2 — N40P50K70 + N20. Внесение N40P50K70 в качестве основного удобрения способствовало повышению зерновой продуктивности на 0,53–0,59 т/га, или на 27,7–32,8% к контролю. Все изучаемые препараты оказывали положительное влияние на урожайность зерна озимой пшеницы. Существенные различия в сторону увеличения зерновой продуктивности получены при совместном применении предпосевной обработки семян препаратом «Микромак» с последующей двойной обработкой вегетирующих растений препаратом «Страда N» на фоне N40P50K70, где прибавка к контролю составила 0,82 т/га, или 42,9%. В данном варианте от применения препарата «Страда N» дополнительно к минеральному фону было получено зерна 0,29 т/га; от препарата «Микромак» — 0,27 т/га. Достоверное увеличение зерновой продуктивности получено и от обработок вегетирующих растений препаратом «Микроэл», где дополнительно к фону 1 получено 0,22 т/га зерна. Под влиянием обработки семян препаратом «Микромак» увеличилась энергия прорастания семян озимой пшеницы с 56 до 69% и всхожесть — с 89 до 94%. Отмечено положительное действие данного препарата на элементы структуры урожая: увеличилось количество продуктивных стеблей с 2,5 до 3,8 шт., масса 1000 зёрен выросла с 42,8 до 43,6 г. This article reports on the effect of new complex fertilizers on grain yield and biometrics of winter wheat grown on sod-podzolic soil. The investigation tested fertilization techniques: seed treatment with “Mikromak” fertilizer and topdressing by “Kodima R”, “Kodafol”, “Mikroel” and “Strada N” preparations repeated twice. Two mineral backgrounds were used: variant 1 — N40P50K70, and variant 2 — N40P50K70 + N20. Application of N40P50K70 increased grain productivity by 0.53–0.59 t ha-1, or 27.7–32.8%. All the preparations positively affected wheat performance. Seed treatment with “Mikromak” followed by “Strada N” application significantly improved grain productivity on the background of N40P50K70, exceeding the control by 0.82 t ha-1, or 42.9%. “Strada N” provided the increase of 0.29 t ha-1, “Mikromak” — 0.27 t ha-1. “Mikroel” significantly increased grain yield by 0.22 t ha-1. “Mikromak” improved germination rate from 56 to 69% and germination capacity — from 89 to 94%. Treatment with “Mikromak” resulted in increase of number of productive stems from 2.5 to 3.8 pcs and thousand grain weight — from 42.8 to 43.6 g.

Phosphorus and nitrogen effects on the freezing tolerance of Norstar winter wheat

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. V. Gusta ◽  
B. J. O'Connor ◽  
G. L. Lafond
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Freezing Tolerance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
P Fertilization ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Insulating Layer ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
Late Fall ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

To increase the probability of winter survival, it is recommended that winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) be sown into standing stubble from a previous crop, which acts to trap an insulating layer of snow. Therefore, to replenish nutrients used by the previous crop and to obtain optimum yields of winter wheat, these soils have to be fertilized with N and P. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of N and P, alone and in combination, on the freezing tolerance of Norstar winter-wheat seedlings in the fall and in early spring and during storage at −4 °C throughout the winter months. None of the fertilizer treatments had an effect on the freezing tolerance of the seedlings in late fall, however, P in combination with N decreased freezing tolerance in March and April, with the effects being more pronounced at high rates of P. Seedlings sampled from the field in early May were similar in freezing tolerance, irrespective of the level of fall-applied N and P. Both shoot and root growth of seedlings collected in the spring were enhanced by P fertilization in combination with N. Fall-applied P increased the level of tissue N and P, while applications of N increased the level of tissue N of seedlings sampled in late fall. Key words: Winter wheat, nitrogen, phosphorous, freezing tolerance

scholarly journals Action of manganese salt on Triticum aestivum

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-124
Author(s):  
E. Tkach ◽  
M. Vakerich ◽  
V. Nikolaychuk
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Optimal Concentration ◽  
Manganese Sulfate ◽  
Growth Depression ◽  
Leaf Chlorosis ◽  
Concentration Of Ions ◽  
Factors Of Influence ◽  
Sowing Seed ◽  
Wheat Seeds

Specificneed in manganese is a characteristic feature of all plants. At present time, participation of this element in functioning in a number of processes and structures in the plant organism is proved. Indispensabilityof manganese as a component of plant metabolism is evidenced by death of plants aged 2–4 weeks at absolute exclusion of manganese nutrient medium, and symptoms of disorders at all levels of metabolism due to lack of this element. As opposed to symptoms of deficiency which are specific for every element, the signs of excess are more or less the same. In conditions of gradual increase of the concentration of ions as factors of influence, gradual manifestation of plant organism depression is observed: growth inhibition, root dying and leaf chlorosis, etc. Foliar feeding of grain crops including winter wheat with manganese is very important because they have a great need for such elements as manganese and copper. Efficiencyof the types of foliar feeding is connected with the mechanisms of penetration of manganese into the plant cells. Unlike other metals, manganese can be mobilized by sprouts from seed integument: metal absorption from wheat seeds lasts till the seventh day. That’s why, the aim of our work was to investigate the influence of pre-sowing processing of winter wheat seeds with solutions of different concentrations of manganese sulfate for detection of the optimal concentration and studying of phytotoxic influence of the excess manganese action. Vegetation tests were carried out in the laboratory conditions for performing the studies. Winter wheat seeds were steeped into solutions of manganese sulfate in such concentrations as 0.001%, 0.01%, 0.1%, 0.5% and 1%. After that they were couched in multi-component environment (sod-podzol soil). As a control variant, an experiment without treatment was used. The influence of different concentrations on the growth processes such as seed germination, length of the sprout, weight of the plants and their root system was estimated. It was determined that the optimal concentration of manganese sulfate for the pre-sowing processing was equal to 0.001–0.01%. The critical one, at which the phytotoxic action is manifested in growth depression and decrease of sprout biomass, is the use of 0.5–1.0% solution of manganese sulfate for the pre-sowing seed treatment. 

INFLUENCE OF DUMPING TREATMENT AND CHEMISTRY MEANS ON SOIL MYCOBIOTA IN CROPS OF WINTER WHEAT OF THE NORTH-EAST PART OF THE CEC

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.S. Polunina ◽  
◽  
V.A. Lavrinova ◽  
M. P. Leontyeva
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Soil Pathogens ◽  
East Part ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Parasitic Activity

The article presents the results of studies of the influence of dump tillage, fertilizers, on the development of soil pathogens that cause root rot of winter wheat, their parasitic activity is shown harmful mycobiota. The optimal dose of mineral fertilizer was revealed against the background of dump soil cultivation, which made it possible to successfully restrain and increase the number of micromycetes causing root rot

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF PURIFIED AMOUNT OF TRITERPENE GLYCOSIDES AND THEIR ENRICHED EXTRACT FROM LEAVES OF SILPHIUM PERFOLIATUM L. ON THE GERMINATION OF SEEDS OF WINTER WHEAT AND THE ACTIVITY OF CATALASE IN THEM

2021 ◽  
pp. 353-360
Author(s):  
Eleonora Sergeyevna Davidyants
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Triterpene Glycosides ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Oleanolic Acid Glycosides ◽  
Germinating Seeds ◽  
First Time ◽  
Wheat Seeds

The effect of purified amount of triterpene glycosides (PATG) containing, as major components, oleanolic acid glycosides – sylphiosides B, C, E, G and extract (E) enriched with them from Silphium perfoliatum L. (Asteraceae) leaves on seed germination and catalase activity (EC 1.11.1.6) in them on two varieties of winter wheat (Tritium aestivum L.) was studied. It has been shown that, the treatment of seeds with PATG solutions at concentrations of 0.0005 and 0.001% and E at concentrations of 0.2 and 0.4% increases the intensity of their swelling within 48 hours after soaking by 3.1–5.2% compared to the control, which leads to an earlier achievement of the threshold levels necessary for the activation of metabolic processes. As a result of a study of changes in catalase activity in germinating seeds of winter wheat after 1, 3 and 7 days after soaking, it was revealed that the greatest effect of seed treatment with TG preparations in manifested after 1 and 7 days of observation, its value in relation to the control respectively is 25–35% and 35–55% depending on the variety. The stimulating effect of TG preparations on catalase activity in germinating seeds of winter wheat was established for the first time. Under the influence of treatment with TG preparations the germination energy and laboratory germination of seeds increase by 3–8 and 3–6%, respectively, depending on the variety. The data obtained make it possible to consider the total preparation of TG isolated from leaves of S. perfoliatum as promising growth promoters for pre-sowing treatment of winter wheat seeds.

scholarly journals Characteristics of immunity to leaf diseases of winter wheat samples under the conditions of the north-east forest steppe of Ukraine a

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53
Author(s):  
O. M. Osmachko ◽  
V. A. Vlasenko ◽  
O. M. Bakumenko ◽  
V. I. Bilokopytov
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Brown Rust ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Powdery Mildew Pathogen

To realize the genetic potential of the productivity of bread winter wheat varieties, it is necessary to maintain a certain level of plant resistance to disease. Resistance donors may lose this property as a result of changes in the virulence of the pathogen and defeat of the genetic systems of plant resistance. This makes it necessary to search for new resistance sources and donors to leaf diseases. Our researches were conducted using field, laboratory and mathematical-statistical methods. Phenological observations, accounting, evaluation and harvesting were conducted according to currently accepted methods. 86 bread winter wheat samples from the 4th WWSRRN CIMMYT were studied for resistance to leaf diseases in our research during 2014–2016. The manifestation of variability depended significantly on the genotype for three diseases. The highest genotype influence was obseved in resistance to septoria dise­ase, where it was 81%. On average the highest indicator of resistance (7.7) to powdery mildew during the three years of research was observed in the mid-late ripening samples. The mid-early ripening group was considered to be the most adapted to the powdery mildew pathogen in the Northeastern Forest-Steppe. The highest average indicator of resistance (7.5) to brown rust for the three years of research was found in the early ripening group. The samples of the mid-ripening group were most adapted to the brown rust pathogen. The highest average resistance to septoria disease was also found in the early ripening group. The best adaptation to septoria disease was observed in mid-late ripening samples. 36% of the samples were resistant to three diseases. As a result of the research, a number of CIMMYT samples were isolated from the 4th WWSRRN, which exceeded the standard in resistance to powdery mildew, brown rust and septoria disease. They were characterized by better performance. Valuable forms for breeding work that can be resistance donors to leaf diseases were identified among them.

scholarly journals The influence of aqueous extracts of Allium genus plants on the mycoflora of seeds and the development of winter wheat seedlings

2020 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-61
Author(s):  
T. O. Rozhkovа ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Growth Of Fungi

The influence of aqueous extracts of Allium genus plants on the mycoflora of seeds and the development of winter wheat seedlings The effect of aqueous extracts of A. sativum and A. cepa on the mycoflora of winter wheat grown in the North-Eastern Ukraine during 2017–2019 was investigated. The treatment of seeds with the extracts led to changes in the fungal complex: the decrease in the number of some fungi provoked an increase in others or the appearance of new ones. The most effective was the use of A. sativum. The study of the effects of aqueous extracts on the mycelial growth of fungi of mycoflora had different results: from its absence to 100% inhibition. Keywords: seed mycoflora, winter wheat, aqueous extracts, Allium sativum Allium cepa, percentage inhibition.

Ras al Khaimah: further archaeological discoveries

Antiquity ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 50 (200) ◽  
pp. 216-222
Author(s):  
Beatrice De Cardi
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
The State ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

Ras a1 Khaimah is the most northerly of the seven states comprising the United Arab Emirates and its Ruler, H. H. Sheikh Saqr bin Mohammad al-Qasimi, is keenly interested in the history of the state and its people. Survey carried out there jointly with Dr D. B. Doe in 1968 had focused attention on the site of JuIfar which lies just north of the present town of Ras a1 Khaimah (de Cardi, 1971, 230-2). Julfar was in existence in Abbasid times and its importance as an entrep6t during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries-the Portuguese Period-is reflected by the quantity and variety of imported wares to be found among the ruins of the city. Most of the sites discovered during the survey dated from that period but a group of cairns near Ghalilah and some long gabled graves in the Shimal area to the north-east of the date-groves behind Ras a1 Khaimah (map, FIG. I) clearly represented a more distant past.

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