scholarly journals Влияние гидротермального нанокремнезема на проращивание семян пшеницы в темновом режиме как один из методических аспектов биотехнологии получения функциональных продуктов на основе микрозелени

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 284-297
Author(s):  
В.Н. Зеленков ◽  
В.В. Латушкин ◽  
В.В. Потапов ◽  
М.И. Иванова ◽  
Б.И. Сандухадзе ◽  
...  

Исследование посвящено изучению некоторых нанотехнологических аспектов применения гидротермального нанокремнезема для получения нового функционального продукта питания – микрозелени растений (на примере озимой пшеницы). В методическом плане поднимается вопрос об использовании этапа получения пророщенных семян выращивания микрозелени с помощью нанобиотехнологий в темновом варианте без дополнительного искусственного освещения. Обработка семян гидротермальным нанокремнеземом в концентрациях 0,1 и 0,01% способствовала увеличению всхожести семян на 5–6%, средней высоты ростков (микрозелени) на 11,3–11,9%, биомассы растений на 11,0% (0,1%-ный раствор) и 17,6% (0,01%). Более низкие концентрации (0,001 и 0,0001%) мало влияли на изменение посевных свойств семян и рост сеянцев, высокие (1%) оказывали отрицательное воздействие (всхожесть снижалась на 4%, а высота ростков на 14%). Показано, что для повышения всхожести семян на первых этапах при выращивании микрозелени озимой пшеницы в темновом режиме без дополнительного подсвечивания перспективно использование гидротермального нанокремнезема для обработки семян в концентрации 0,01%, а также 0,1%. Обработка нанокремнеземом с разными концентрациями приводит к возрастанию накопления кремния в ростках в 1,5–2 раза по сравнению с контролем. Содержание фосфора, серы, магния, натрия в ростках оставалось относительно стабильным. Содержание кальция возрастало в варианте использования кремнезема 0,01% концентрации, калия – в варианте 0,0001%. Отмечено повышение содержания цинка и меди при обработке семян пшеницы водными золями нанокремнезема в варианте 0,001 %. The research is devoted to study certain nanotechnological aspects of hydrothermal nanosilica applications for obtaining a new functional food product called microgreens (as exemplified by winter wheat). In terms of methodology a question is raised concerning use of the stage when the seeds germinate for further growth of microgreens with the aid of nanotechnologies in a dark mode without additional artificial lightning. Treatment of seeds with hydrothermal nanosilica at concentrations of 0.1% and 0.01% contributed to an increase in seed germination by 5–6%, the average sprout height (microgreens) by 11.3–11.9% and plant biomass by 11.0% (0.1 % solution) and 17.6% (0.01 %). The lower concentrations (0.001% and 0.0001%) had little effect on the change in the sowing properties of seeds and the growth of seedlings while the higher concentrations (1%) produced a negative effect (germination decreased by 4%, and the height of sprouts by 14%). It has been shown that for improving seed germination at the first stages, when growing microgreens of winter wheat in the dark mode without additional illumination, it is promising to use hydrothermal nanosilica for seed treatment at a concentration of 0.01%, as well as 0.1%. Treatment with nanosilica at different concentrations leads to the higher accumulation of silicon in the sprouts by 1.5–2 times compared to the control samples. The content of phosphorus, sulfur, magnesium and sodium in the sprouts remained relatively stable. The calcium content increased in the case of using silica of 0.01% concentration, potassium - in the case of 0.0001%. An increase in the content of zinc and copper was noted during the treatment of wheat seeds with aqueous sols of nanosilica in the variant 0.001%.

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
T.O. Rozhkova ◽  
S.V. Stankevych ◽  
A.V. Matsyura

The microbiota of winter wheat seeds from the North-East of Ukraine was studied by a biological method. Its considerable variability is established over three years (2017–2019). The effect of the treatment agents on most microorganisms of wheat seed microbiota in Ukraine, rather than on its genera and species, is shown. It has been proven that fungicides deleted some species and did not affect the development of others. Chemicals replaced some species or genera of fungi with others or even other microorganisms. Biological seed treatment (Phytosporin-M) has caused less microbiota change than chemical treatment (Maxim 0.25 FS, Rostock, Kinto Duo). Fungicides have replaced the dominance of Alternaria spp. (2017 – 57.8%, 2018 – 63.5%) for the dominance of yeast (Rostock – 54%) and Aureobasidium pullulans (Maxim 0.25 FS – 84.2%) in 2017, bacteria (Maxim 0.25 FS – 72.3%, Rostock – 53.8%) – in 2018. A. pullulans dominated in the microbiota of winter wheat seeds in 2019. The highest amount of A. pullulans was noted for the treatment of seeds by Phytosporin-M (85.9%). The biological seed treatment reduced the amount of Nigrospora spp. and Alternaria spp. Several times (3 and 5, respectively), chemical agents did not give Nigrospora spp. germination reduced the amount of A. pullulans, Alternaria spp. in 2019. Maxim 0.25 FS, Rostock 50%, and Kinto Duo delayed seed germination and seedling development on agar medium and soil, whereas Phytosporin-M – on the contrary, promoted the growth of seedlings and significantly exceeded control.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
T.O. Rozhkova ◽  
S.V. Stankevych ◽  
A.V. Matsyura

The mycoflora of winter wheat seed consists of various fungi that differ as to the parasitism rate. Their harmfulness is connected with their phytotoxic action and ability to produce mycotoxins. Assuming that essential oils have an effective antifungal impact, we studied the effectiveness of 13 essential oils which were produced by LLC "Aromatyka", Ukraine (cinnamon, orange, peppermint, rosemary, vervain, ylang-ylang, sandal, fennel, lavender, eucalypt, bergamot, frankincense, and geranium) on securing of a group of fungi from winter wheat seeds. The seed mycoflora of Bogdana variety harvested in 2017-2020, which was grown in the North- Eastern Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine (Sumy oblast), was analyzed. A fungi complex analysis was made on the media PGA. The impact of essential oils on seed germinating ability and the length of wheat sprouts on the 7th day has been determined. A longterm studying of seed treatment by essential oils showed their effects on mycoflora formation. These plants affected not only the fungi amount but also changed their secure spectrum. The studies admit a negative impact of fungi on seed germination and plant development. The highest seed germination equaled 95% under its treatment with rosemary and orange oils. However, under seed treatment with rosemary oil, there appeared Fusarium sp. and Bipolaris sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoem., which harms seed germination. Orange oil has increased the number of fungi of Penicillium sp. The best results (based on three indices) had sandal oil, under which the fungus colony has increased half, and seed germination equaled 61%, the sprout length was maximal when applying other oils (58.8 mm). The essential oils which fully inhibited seed and fungi development (cinnamon, fennel, vervain, geranium) were determined. The study of two of them as fungicides for treatments at the beginning of wheat flowering proved a similar effect to falcon on the change of the internal seed mycoflora.


2021 ◽  
pp. 353-360
Author(s):  
Eleonora Sergeyevna Davidyants

The effect of purified amount of triterpene glycosides (PATG) containing, as major components, oleanolic acid glycosides – sylphiosides B, C, E, G and extract (E) enriched with them from Silphium perfoliatum L. (Asteraceae) leaves on seed germination and catalase activity (EC 1.11.1.6) in them on two varieties of winter wheat (Tritium aestivum L.) was studied. It has been shown that, the treatment of seeds with PATG solutions at concentrations of 0.0005 and 0.001% and E at concentrations of 0.2 and 0.4% increases the intensity of their swelling within 48 hours after soaking by 3.1–5.2% compared to the control, which leads to an earlier achievement of the threshold levels necessary for the activation of metabolic processes. As a result of a study of changes in catalase activity in germinating seeds of winter wheat after 1, 3 and 7 days after soaking, it was revealed that the greatest effect of seed treatment with TG preparations in manifested after 1 and 7 days of observation, its value in relation to the control respectively is 25–35% and 35–55% depending on the variety. The stimulating effect of TG preparations on catalase activity in germinating seeds of winter wheat was established for the first time. Under the influence of treatment with TG preparations the germination energy and laboratory germination of seeds increase by 3–8 and 3–6%, respectively, depending on the variety. The data obtained make it possible to consider the total preparation of TG isolated from leaves of S. perfoliatum as promising growth promoters for pre-sowing treatment of winter wheat seeds.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
A.V. Cherenkov ◽  
◽  
S.K. Gruzinov ◽  
I.O. Kobos ◽  
◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Qing-Qing YAN ◽  
Ju-Song ZHANG ◽  
Xing-Xing LI ◽  
Yan-Ti WANG

Rodriguésia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 661-666
Author(s):  
João Fabrício Mota Rodrigues ◽  
Sâmia Paiva de Oliveira

Abstract Ingestion of seeds by vertebrates may influence seed germination and dispersion. However the mechanisms responsible by these effects and the importance of turtles in these interactions are still poorly understood. This study aims to evaluate how Chelonoidis carbonarius influences the germination process of Leucaena leucocephala using an experiment conducted at the Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, Brazil, that simulates the passage of the seeds of this plant through the digestive tract of C. carbonarius: stomach acidic condition and seeds sown in feces. We demonstrated that sowing the seeds in feces of Chelonoidis carbonarius has a negative effect on the germination of Leucaena leucocephala, decreasing the germination speed index of the seeds, while the acidic conditions have a neutral one. This study is a first attempt to understand how turtles and tortoises may influence the seed germination, and the implications of these findings in natural environments deserve further investigations.


2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Kallala ◽  
Wissal M’sehli ◽  
Karima Jelali ◽  
Zribi Kais ◽  
Haythem Mhadhbi

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of symbiotic bacteria inoculation on the response ofMedicago truncatulagenotypes to iron deficiency. The present work was conducted on threeMedicago truncatulagenotypes: A17, TN8.20, and TN1.11. Three treatments were performed: control (C), direct Fe deficiency (DD), and induced Fe deficiency by bicarbonate (ID). Plants were nitrogen-fertilized (T) or inoculated with two bacterial strains:Sinorhizobium melilotiTII7 andSinorhizobium medicaeSII4. Biometric, physiological, and biochemical parameters were analyzed. Iron deficiency had a significant lowering effect on plant biomass and chlorophyll content in allMedicago truncatulagenotypes. TN1.11 showed the highest lipid peroxidation and leakage of electrolyte under iron deficiency conditions, which suggest that TN1.11 was more affected than A17 and TN8.20 by Fe starvation. Iron deficiency affected symbiotic performance indices of allMedicago truncatulagenotypes inoculated with bothSinorhizobiumstrains, mainly nodules number and biomass as well as nitrogen-fixing capacity. Nevertheless, inoculation withSinorhizobiumstrains mitigates the negative effect of Fe deficiency on plant growth and oxidative stress compared to nitrogen-fertilized plants. The highest auxin producing strain, TII7, preserves relatively high growth and root biomass and length when inoculated to TN8.20 and A17. On the other hand, both TII7 and SII4 strains improve the performance of sensitive genotype TN1.11 through reduction of the negative effect of iron deficiency on chlorophyll and plant Fe content. The bacterial inoculation improved Fe-deficient plant response to oxidative stress via the induction of the activities of antioxidant enzymes.


1988 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall S. Currie ◽  
Thomas F. Peeper

Seed of three weed species collected from the grain bins of combines while standing hard red winter wheat was harvested germinated better than hand-harvested seed. Combine-harvested curly dock seed germinated from 4 to 24% more than hand-harvested seed. Curly dock seed harvested with a commercial-type combine germinated better than those harvested with a small-plot combine. Harvesting slimleaf lambsquarters and Venice mallow seed with a commercial-type combine also enhanced germination compared to hand-harvested seed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-210
Author(s):  
Bhut JB ◽  
◽  
Jethva DM ◽  
Naggana R ◽  
◽  
...  

Field experiment on evaluation of insecticidal seed treatments against white grub Holotrichia consanguinea Blachard infesting groundnut was conducted during kharif 2018 and 2019 at farmers field. The nine insecticides evaluated as seed treatment against white grub infesting groundnut, the lowest per cent plant morality and number of grub/m2 was observed in treatment of clothianidin 50 WDG @ 2 g a.i. /kg and imidacloprid 40 + fipronil 40 WG @ 3 g a.i. /kg. These treatments were produced 2329 and 2296 yield of pod, 3970 & 3780 kg/ha yield of halum, respectively. Increased in yield over control in these treatments was recorded 57.79 and 55.56 per cent in pod, 76.29 and 64.65 per cent in halum. Whereas avoidable yield loss recorded of these treatments was recorded 36.63 and 35.71 per cent in pod, 43.27 and 39.27 per cent in halum. However, the highest 1:28.32 NICRB was recorded in treatment of chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 30 ml a.i. /kg. The NICRB of clothianidin 50 WDG @ 2 g a.i. /kg and imidacloprid 40 + fipronil 40 WG @ 3 g a.i. /kg were recorded 1:14.95 and 1:9.20, respectively. The evaluated insecticides had no adverse effect on seed germination


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