scholarly journals Spatial Development of Russia: Regional Disproportions

REGIONOLOGY ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 638-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina V. Moroshkinа
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
The State ◽  
Theil Index ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
State Support ◽  
Interregional Differentiation ◽  
Level Of Economic Development

Introduction. The topic of interregional differentiation is relevant due to the existing increase in disproportions in the Russian regions, which has an impact on the development of the state economy. The main objective of the study is to assess the level of interregional differentiation. Materials and Methods. The study used the indicator of “general entropy”, in particular, the Theil index. The research methodology includes economic and mathematical methods of data processing, statistical data analysis packages, etc. Results. In the course of the work, the research tasks were set and fulfilled: the development of Russian regions in the period of structural transformations was analyzed; indicators making it possible to assess the level of economic development of territories were provided; a coefficient was chosen, based on the calculation of which the level of interregional differentiation was estimated; the level of interregional differentiation was assessed. It has been proved that the periods of economic growth are characterized by faster rates of development of weak regions due to the state support and redistribution of budgetary funds mitigating territ orial differences. During the periods of economic recession, the state support is provided to the regions with competitive advantages, capable of changing the negative dynamics of the country’s economic development in order to accelerate economic growth. Discussion and Conclusion. The results achieved can be used when designing the program of development of economic entities or drafting strategic documents. Interregional differences and disparities in most territories determine the dynamics of their development and the opportunities for economic growth, on which the economic policy pursued by the regional authorities should be based. In a competitive environment, the identification and further gaining strength from the advantages of the regions make it possible to form the policy of the region’s development which helps to make management decisions.

scholarly journals Salaries in general education in Russian regions

POPULATION ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-90
Author(s):  
Arseny Sinitsa
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
General Education ◽  
The State ◽  
State Funding ◽  
Teaching Staff ◽  
Average Wage ◽  
Municipal Schools ◽  
Interregional Differentiation ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Level Of Economic Development

One of the functions of a social state is providing decent wages for labor. This is especially topical for the most important social areas — healthcare and education. In recent years, raising teacher’s salary has become one of the most important issues, but the problem is still far from being resolved. The aim of the work is to analyze the level of teachers’ salaries in municipal schools in 2013–2017 in the RF subjects with different levels of economic development. As the main indicators there were selected nominal average monthly salary of teachers, their salary in relation to the average wage in the region, and their salary in relation to the subsistence minimum of the working age population. On the basis of cluster analysis using the Ward method, there were created cartograms for the first two indicators presenting their dynamics. The analysis shows that in the period under review, the salary of teaching staff grew at a slower pace than the average wage across the country and in the majority of the RF subjects. The level of economic development of a region has a significant impact on the salary of teachers. In financial centers, industrialized and mining regions, work remuneration of teachers grew at a higher rate than in less developed agricultural ones. As a result, the interregional differentiation of teachers’ salaries in general education has increased. This indicates that the state policy aimed at raising salaries in the general education system does not reach its goal, and it is necessary to increase the state funding of general education.

scholarly journals State financial resources as a tool for managing sustainable development of territories

2020 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 08015
Author(s):  
Yulia Dolganova ◽  
Natalia Istomina ◽  
Alena Zaborovskaya ◽  
Venelin Terziev
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Level Of Economic Development

The article presents quantitative evidence for the hypothesis that the level of economic development of Russian regions depends on the amount of financial resources allocated by the state. Based on the study of statistical data on territories related to border, coastal, inaccessible and enclaves, quantitative dependencies are identified and conclusions are drawn about the current practice and directions of development of the state regulation.

On the diversity of the effects of the state support for agriculture

2019 ◽  
pp. 59-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolai M. Svetlov ◽  
Renata G. Yanbykh ◽  
Dariya A. Loginova
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
State Support ◽  
Soft Budget Constraints ◽  
Institutional Conditions ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
Corporate Farms

In this paper, we assess the effects of agricultural state support of corporate farms on their revenues from agricultural production sales in 14 Russian regions that differ in technology, environment and institutional conditions. In addition to the direct effect of the state support, the indirect effects via labor and capital are revealed. For this purpose, we identify production functions and statistical models of production factors for each of these regions separately. We find out diverse effects of the state support on revenues among the regions. Positive effects prevail. Negative effects are mainly caused by labor reductions that follow subsidy inflows. Another cause of negative effects is the soft budget constraints phenomenon.

Growth and Social Capital: Empirical Analysis of the Relationship

2019 ◽  
pp. 128-134
Author(s):  
Ksenia V. Bagmet
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Level Of Economic Development

The article provides an empirical test of the hypothesis of the influence of the level of economic development of the country on the level of development of its social capital based on panel data analysis. In this study, the Indices of Social Development elaborated by the International Institute of Social Studies under World Bank support are used as an indicators of social capital development as they best meet the requirements for complexity (include six integrated indicators of Civic Activism, Clubs and Associations, Intergroup Cohesion, Interpersonal Safety and Trust, Gender Equality, Inclusion of Minorities), comprehensiveness of measurement, sustainability. In order to provide an empirical analysis, we built a panel that includes data for 20 countries divided into four groups according to the level of economic development. The first G7 countries (France, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom); the second group is the economically developed countries, EU members and Turkey, the third group is the new EU member states (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania); to the fourth group – post-Soviet republics (Armenia, Georgia, Russian Federation, Ukraine). The analysis shows that the parameters of economic development of countries cannot be completely excluded from the determinants of social capital. Indicators show that the slowdown in economic growth leads to greater cohesion among people in communities, social control over the efficiency of distribution and use of funds, and enforcement of property rights. The level of tolerance to racial diversity and the likelihood of negative externalities will depend on the change in the rate of economic growth. Also, increasing the well-being of people will have a positive impact on the level of citizens’ personal safety, reducing the level of crime, increasing trust. Key words: social capital, economic growth, determinant, indice of social development.

Efficiency Driven Effect of Education in China: The Perspective of Global Competitiveness and Graduate Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-43
Author(s):  
Jia Liu ◽  
Lun Li
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Education Policies ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
Higher Education Policies ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
Education In China

Capital, natural resources, technology and education are often considered to be the most important factors in improving the level of economic development. China is in the "efficiency-driven" stage of economic development. There are objective laws in the development of education level and economic growth, but they interact with each other. Economic growth provides the foundation and necessary conditions for the development of education. At the same time, the role of education in promoting economic growth is also very obvious. Based on the perspective of postgraduate training, this paper studies the role of education in economic efficiency-driven, through the study of theory, data collection and empirical analysis, combined with the development characteristics of China's higher education, and compares China's and US higher education policies to guide China's higher education. The development of education, and then promote the transformation of China into the "innovation-driven" stage, has certain theoretical and practical significance.

scholarly journals ENSURING THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE STATE IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE PANDEMIC: THEORETICAL AND APPLIED THINKING

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeniya Medvedkina ◽  
◽  
Tamara Ishchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
State Government ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
The State ◽  
National Economic ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
National Economic Security

The problem of ensuring the economic security of the state is quite urgent. This study examines theoretical approaches to defining this definition, as well as the structural elements of the concept of economic security. The aim of the study is to identify the theoretical and methodological substantiation of the economic security of the state and the development of strategic directions for ensuring the economic security of the Russian Federation in the face of modern global challenges. The stages for assessing the level of economic security of the state are determined. Based on the existing methods for assessing the economic security of the state, a methodological approach to this assessment is proposed, taking into account the totality of macroindicators, industry, financial and social indicators. The calculation of the indicators of the economic security of the Russian Federation showed that the indicators do not go beyond the threshold values. The results of constructing an econometric model made it possible to determine the indicators of national economic security that have the most significant impact on the level of economic development of the state, as well as to identify internal and external threats to the Russian Federation. Thus, we can conclude that the economic security of the state can be represented as the state of protection of the national economy from external and internal threats, which ensures the progressive development of society, its economic and socio-political stability, despite the presence of unfavorable external and internal factors; ensuring national economic security and neutralizing all possible threats is the fundamental task of the state government. The level of economic development of the country as a whole and the quality of life of its citizens depend on the success and effectiveness of countermeasures.

Unpleasant Truths about Institutional and Financial Development

2019 ◽  
pp. 44-74
Author(s):  
Justin Yifu Lin ◽  
Célestin Monga
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Institutional Development ◽  
Failed State ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
State Interventions ◽  
Economic Development Strategies ◽  
Theoretical Issues

This chapter refutes the linear and almost teleological approach in vogue in development economics on political and financial institutions. It briefly discusses the theoretical issues at hand and suggests that policies take into account the requirements of both time and place, which emphasizes the importance of the development level. The chapter acknowledges that institutional development problems are indeed major impediments to economic growth. But contrary to conventional wisdom, it argues that they are often correlated with the level of economic development. Seen from that perspective, the well-known weaknesses in the governance and financial sectors of many poor countries today often reflect their low level of development and the results of failed state interventions and distortions originating from erroneous economic development strategies.

Analyzing the Bidirectional Relationship between Tourism Growth and Economic Development

2020 ◽  
pp. 004728752092231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Ignacio Pulido-Fernández ◽  
Pablo Juan Cárdenas-García
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Structural Equations ◽  
Tourist Destinations ◽  
Development Face ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Bidirectional Relationship ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
Structural Equations Model ◽  
The Relationship

After having demonstrated the relationship between tourism and economic growth, tourism-led economic growth (TLGH), and economic-driven tourism growth (EDTG), the scientific literature was concerned with studying the relationship between tourism and economic development, limiting itself to analyzing a possible unidirectional relationship between tourism, economic growth, and economic development. In this context, the aim of this article is to determine if the relationship between tourism and economic development is bidirectional given that, although tourism can be a tool for economic development, it is also true that a higher level of economic development influences tourism growth. Using a sample of 143 countries, and applying confirmatory factor analysis together with a structural equations model, the bidirectional relationship is confirmed. Therefore, although tourism growth and economic development face different challenges, if public policies work in a coordinated manner, they may contribute significantly to improving economic development in countries that are configured as tourist destinations.

scholarly journals Do Carbon Emissions and Economic Growth Decouple in China? An Empirical Analysis Based on Provincial Panel Data

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Hao ◽  
Zirui Huang ◽  
Haitao Wu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Ekc Hypothesis ◽  
Capita Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
The Relationship

Global warming has emerged as a serious threat to humans and sustainable development. China is under increasing pressure to curb its carbon emissions as the world’s largest emitter of carbon dioxide. By combining the Tapio decoupling model and the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) framework, this paper explores the relationship between China’s carbon emissions and economic growth. Based on panel data of 29 provinces from 2007 to 2016, this paper quantitatively estimates the nexus of carbon emissions and economic development for the whole nation and the decoupling status of individual provinces. There is empirical evidence for the conventional EKC hypothesis, showing that the relationship between carbon emissions and per capita gross domestic product (GDP) is an inverted U shape and that the inflection point will not be attained soon. Moreover, following the estimation results of the Tapio decoupling model, there were significant differences between individual provinces in decoupling status. As a result, differentiated and targeted environmental regulations and policies regarding energy consumption and carbon emissions should be reasonably formulated for different provinces and regions based on the corresponding level of economic development and decoupling status.

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