scholarly journals Providing Invariance to Disturbing Effects in Rail Lines

2019 ◽  
pp. 152-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeniy M. Tarasov ◽  
Dmitry V. Zheleznov ◽  
Nicolay N. Vasin ◽  
Anna E. Tarasova
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Input Resistance ◽  
Indirect Measurement ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Informative Signal ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rail Line ◽  
The Stability

Introduction. The time interval systems for controlling train movement operated under the influence of significant industrial disturbances, interference from the electric current of traction rolling stocks, and significant climate changes that result in fluctuations of parameters of circuit elements. These factors lead to the appearance of internal disturbances. The fluctuations in a wide range of the conductivity of rail lines insulation are the main external disturbances leading to considerable changes of the informative parameter, the voltage at the output end of the rail line. At present, there are many methods for suppressing disturbances, which allow correcting fluctuations in the informative signal without deteriorating the quality of classification. The article deals with the problem of providing insensitivity of the output informative signal to the influence of disturbance by principles of coordinate compensation with a correcting link. Materials and Methods. To solve the problem, various methodologies of compensation for disturbances are considered in the paper; the method of coordinate compensation for disturbances at the input of a quadripole of rail lines is adopted as the main one. The equation of the transfer function of the correcting link is determined, assuming an indirect measurement of the input resistance of the rail line, which is a function of the conductivity of the insulation. Results. The article presents the results of the research of the invariant capabilities of the disturbance compensation principle. It is shown that disturbances compensation with a corrective link included at the input of a quadripole allows one to significantly reduce the dynamic range of the output informative signal change in each of the classes, i.e. classes have become more compact, and the quality of classification has become 5 times higher than in the absence of compensation of disturbances. Discussion and Conclusion. The results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method for the coordinate compensation of disturbances in rail lines with an open circuit in the absence of the possibility for organizing feedback, a variable circuit in each of the classes of states, and the impossibility of creating a physical additional channel for the transmission of the disturbance. Using the proposed method in the construction of modern classifiers will significantly improve the stability of the functioning of train control systems; eliminate errors of the first kind, leading to unproductive idle train, and errors of the second kind, leading to accidents and crashes.

Statistical Management of Food Production Processes

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
N.A. Jurk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Control Chart ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Bakery Products ◽  
Shewhart Control ◽  
Manufactured Products ◽  
Mnemonic Technique ◽  
The Stability

The article presents scientific research in the field of statistical controllability of the food production process using the example of bakery products for a certain time interval using statistical methods of quality management. During quality control of finished products, defects in bakery products were identified, while the initial data were recorded in the developed form of a checklist for registering defects. It has been established that the most common defect is packaging leakage. For the subsequent statistical assessment of the stability of the production process and further analysis of the causes of the identified defect, a Shewhart control chart (p-card by an alternative feature) was used, which allows you to control the quality of manufactured products by the number of defects detected. Analyzing the control chart, it was concluded that studied process is conditionally stable, and the emerging defects are random. At the last stage of the research, the Ishikawa causal diagram was used, developed using the 6M mnemonic technique, in order to identify the most significant causes that affect the occurrence of the considered defect in bakery products. A more detailed study will allow the enterprise to produce food products that meet the established requirements.

scholarly journals Stages of Work on the Quality of Timbre Sound of a Pop Vocal Ensemble

2020 ◽  
pp. 191-199
Author(s):  
I.Kh. Stulov ◽  
G.P. Stulova
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Range ◽  
The Body ◽  
Muscle Coordination ◽  
Vocal Ensemble ◽  
Training Stage ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Independent Work

The article deals with the problem of organizing the methodical work of a teacher on the quality of timbre sound of the pop vocal ensemble depending on the level of development of vocal skills of singers. Throughout the period of students’ education in ensemble singing at the Department of Pop and Jazz Art, the author managed to highlight four stages in the trans-formation of the quality of the timbre sound of singing voices and to give special recommendations to the methodology of the teacher’s work in accordance with the tasks of training. Stage 1: from the very beginning of work with the singers of the ensemble it is necessary to rely on the quality of sound that is available at the moment. The joint sound of the singers «voices, is distinguished by the absence of unison, the forcing of sound and the diversity of pronouncing the phonemes as a result of the various manner of work of the articulation apparatus. A special task of the teacher is to prevent sound forcing, that is, when singing not to exceed the dynamic range: mf - mp. Stage 2: Multi-voice works are included in the educational repertoire. In connection with this, new tasks arise in the work of the teacher — building the structure and ensemble. When singing it is necessary to use special exercises for the development of harmonic hearing of singers, requiring activation of auditory attention and independent work. However, there is some stagnation and even degradation in the development of the singers ’vocal skills. After removing the forcing of the sound, there appears a dullness of the timbre sound of their voices, as singers do not always know how to use singing breath, besides, the reasons for this are general fatigue of the body of students, reduction of cognitive interest, loss of motivation, which can be eliminated by introducing new methods or techniques of work into the learning process. The 3rd stage: timbre sounding of vocal ensemble can be characterized as lighter, facilitated, but rectilinear, that is without singing vibrato. In the process of performing songs, when the melody is transferred to sounds in the area of low tessitura, there is a split of voice due to non-level of voice registers. The educational repertoire should include works that contribute to the formation of the ability to enjoy wide breathing by maintaining the position of inhalation and economical phonation exhalation when singing, as well as works that require flexible nuance and contrast in the type of the sound: staccato, legato, marcato. Stage 4: further consolidation of the acquired knowledge, skills and practices takes place. In the process of singing, the stability of the skill of proper muscle coordination of the whole voice-forming complex is demonstrated as a result of systematic singers’ work. The timbre sound of the singing collective in multi-voice singing is distinguished by the slightness of voices, good structure and ensemble, variety of timbre paints, clarity of articulation and muscle freedom in voice formation. As a result, singing vibrato, smoothness of voice registers, and full voicing of thoracic and head resonators appear in singers’ voices. To consolidate the results, it is necessary to use special vocal exercises in the classroom to master the vocal difficulties of the performed works. The educational repertoire should include works of diverse characters in style, contrasting in pace, rhythm, dynamics and types of sound science. The author emphasizes that the vocal abilities and skills formed by the singers at the previous stages of training require fixing in the process of constant training and improvement in further independent and professional practical work.

scholarly journals Stability of representational geometry across a wide range of fMRI activity levels

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spencer A. Arbuckle ◽  
Atsushi Yokoi ◽  
J. Andrew Pruszynski ◽  
Jörn Diedrichsen
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Test Models ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Average Activity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Stability

AbstractFine-grained activity patterns, as measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), are thought to reflect underlying neural representations. Multivariate analysis techniques, such as representational similarity analysis (RSA), can be used to test models of brain representation by quantifying the representational geometry (the collection of pair-wise dissimilarities between activity patterns). One important caveat, however, is that non-linearities in the coupling between neural activity and the fMRI signal may lead to significant distortions in the representational geometry estimated from fMRI activity patterns. Here we tested the stability of representational dissimilarity measures in primary sensory-motor (S1 and M1) and early visual regions (V1/V2) across a large range of activation levels. Subjects were visually cued with different letters to perform single finger presses with one of the 5 fingers at a rate of 0.3-2.6 Hz. For each stimulation frequency, we quantified the difference between the 5 activity patterns in M1, S1, and V1/V2. We found that the representational geometry remained stable, even though the average activity increased over a large dynamic range. These results indicate that the representational geometry of fMRI activity patterns can be reliably assessed, largely independent of the average activity in the region. This has important methodological implications for RSA and other multivariate analysis approaches that use the representational geometry to make inferences about brain representations.

THE RESONANCE METHOD OF MEASURING THE RATIO OF THE SPECIFIC HEATS OF A GAS, Cp/Cv: PART V: SECTION A: AN IMPROVED APPARATUS FOR MEASURING THE RATIO OF THE SPECIFIC HEATS OF A GAS: SECTION B: THE USE OF ELECTRONIC COUNTER CIRCUITS TO MEASURE LOW FREQUENCIES AND A VARIABLE LOW FREQUENCY OSCILLATOR

1949 ◽  
Vol 27a (3) ◽  
pp. 27-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Katz ◽  
S. B. Woods ◽  
W. F. Leverton
Keyword(s):  
Specific Heat ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Resonance Method ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Specific Heats ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Apparatus ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Number Of Cycles

This paper describes an improved apparatus for the determination of γ = Cp/Cv, the ratio of the specific heat at constant pressure to the specific heat at constant volume for a gas. With this apparatus, γ is determined by the resonance method of Clark and Katz. The new apparatus is constructed of stainless steel and is designed to withstand pressures up to 100 atm. This new apparatus is more compact and can be used with corrosive gases. Provision is made for the control and accurate measurement of the temperature of the enclosed gas over a wide range of temperatures. An electronic counter which will measure time intervals, in units of 10 μsec., from 100 μsec. to several seconds in length is described in Section B. An unknown frequency may be determined by measuring the time interval in which a preselected number of cycles occurs. The accuracy is such that frequencies may be measured to within approximately 1 part in 105. The circuit for a variable frequency transitron oscillator with an output of 30 w. in a range of 15 to 250 c.p.s. is shown. The stability of the oscillator is such that the frequency may easily be maintained within 1 part in 10,000 for long periods, and with care in temperature control and choice of electrode voltages much greater stabilities may be obtained.

The Series and Parallel Energy Storage System Based on Super Capacitors

2014 ◽  
Vol 989-994 ◽  
pp. 2820-2824
Author(s):  
Kuo Zhao ◽  
Yi Bin Zhang ◽  
Bo Yu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Power Quality ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Storage System ◽  
Energy Storage System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Super Capacitors

The series and parallel energy storage system based on super capacitors can quickly adjust a wide range of active and reactive power in two directions, which is a new way to improve the stability and power quality of new energy power generation system. In this paper, double converters structure is used to achieve the series and parallel compensation effect and their control strategies according to Instantaneous Power Theory. It is simulated in PSCAD that series and parallel energy storage system of super capacitor contribute to the impact on wind turbines power as environment conditions change. Simulation results show that the energy storage system can greatly improve the stability and power quality of grid-connected wind turbines.

scholarly journals Making waves round a structured cloak: lattices, negative refraction and fringes

2013 ◽  
Vol 469 (2157) ◽  
pp. 20130218 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Colquitt ◽  
I. S. Jones ◽  
N. V. Movchan ◽  
A. B. Movchan ◽  
M. Brun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Negative Refraction ◽  
Lattice Structure ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Plane Shear ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Frequency Regime ◽  
The Stability

Using the framework of transformation optics, this paper presents a detailed analysis of a non-singular square cloak for acoustic, out-of-plane shear elastic and electromagnetic waves. Analysis of wave propagation through the cloak is presented and accompanied by numerical illustrations. The efficacy of the regularized cloak is demonstrated and an objective numerical measure of the quality of the cloaking effect is provided. It is demonstrated that the cloaking effect persists over a wide range of frequencies. As a demonstration of the effectiveness of the regularized cloak, a Young's double slit experiment is presented. The stability of the interference pattern is examined when a cloaked and uncloaked obstacle are successively placed in front of one of the apertures. This novel link with a well-known quantum mechanical experiment provides an additional method through which the quality of cloaks may be examined. In the second half of the paper, it is shown that an approximate cloak may be constructed using a discrete lattice structure. The efficiency of the approximate lattice cloak is analysed and a series of illustrative simulations presented. It is demonstrated that effective cloaking may be obtained by using a relatively simple lattice structure, particularly, in the low-frequency regime.

scholarly journals THE USE OF FOOD ADDITIVE "MAHNETOFООD" IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF FORMED JELLY MARMELADE

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Tsykhanovska ◽  
V. Yevlash ◽  
R. Trishch ◽  
T. Lazarieva ◽  
A. Alexandrov
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Suspension ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Food Additive ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Technological Potential ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Expansion and improvement of production of jelly and marmalade products requires the search for simplified resource- and energy-saving technology, increasing the stability of a colloidals dispersed system and improving the quality of finished products. Promising technological applications have food additives in the nanometer range, due to unique physical and chemical parameters and a wide range of functional and technological properties. The paper proposes a solution to the problem of stabilizing the colloidal structure of jelly marmalade products and the formation of their quality by using a food additive "Magnetofood" (based on oxides of divalent and trivalent iron: FeO·Fe2O3). "Magnetofood" – ultrafine powder with a particle size of ~80 nm, which has a high functional and technological potential: large specific surface area, surface-active, complexing, sorption, stabilizing properties. This allows us to recommend "Magnetofood" as a food additive of complex action to improve the quality and extend the shelf life of jelly marmalade products, in particular molded jelly marmalade. It is established that the addition of food additive "Magnetofood" in the form of an aqueous suspension at the stage of "swelling-dissolution" of the gelling agent improves the shape, surface and consistency; increases the moisture content by 1,15–1,16 times in agar samples and 1,13–1,14 times in pectin samples; reduces the total acidity by 1,05–1,08 times in agar samples and 1,06–1,09 times in pectin samples; inhibits microbial contamination of the surface of marmalade samples. In addition, the rational content of food additive "Magnetofood" – 0,15% by weight of the prescription mixture and the optimal conditions of temperature and humidity during storage of molded jelly marmalade for 90 days: relative humidity φ=(75±2)%, temperature (18±2)oC.

Least-squares decomposition with time–space constraint for denoising microseismic data

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 (3) ◽  
pp. 1864-1880
Author(s):  
Yangkang Chen ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Yufeng Wang ◽  
Min Bai
Keyword(s):  
Least Squares ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Random Noise ◽  
Microseismic Data ◽  
Smoothness Constraint ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Stability ◽  
And Inversion

SUMMARY Microseismic data are usually of low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which makes it difficult to utilize the microseismic waveforms for imaging and inversion. We develop a useful denoising algorithm based on a non-stationary least-squares decomposition model to enhance the quality of microseismic signals. The microseismic signals are assumed to be represented by a superposition of several smoothly variable components. We construct a least-squares inverse problem to solve for the the smooth components. We constrain the least-squares inversion via both time and space constraints. The temporal smoothness constraint is applied to ensure the stability when calculating the non-stationary autoregression coefficients. The space-smoothness constraint is applied to extract the spatial correlation among multichannel microseismic traces. The new algorithm is validated via several synthetic and real microseismic data and are proved to be effective. Comparison with the state-of-the-art algorithms demonstrates that the proposed method is more powerful in suppressing random noise of a wide range of levels than its competing methods.

Criteria for evaluation of the coordinate measurements quality of parts geometric parameters at pilot-experimental production

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
N.Yu. Bobrovskaya ◽  
M.F. Danilov
Keyword(s):  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Quality Management System ◽  
Technical Specification ◽  
Experimental Production ◽  
Technological Heredity ◽  
Coordinate Measurements ◽  
Reasonable Choice ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Geometric Elements

The criteria of the coordinate measurements quality at pilot-experimental production based on contemporary methods of quality management system and traditional methods of the measurements quality in Metrology are considered. As an additional criterion for quality of measurements, their duration is proposed. Analyzing the problem of assessing the quality of measurements, the authors pay particular attention to the role of technological heredity in the analysis of the sources of uncertainty of coordinate measurements, including not only the process of manufacturing the part, but all stages of the development of design and technological documentation. Along with such criteria as the degree of confidence in the results of measurements; the accuracy, convergence, reproducibility and speed of the results must take into account the correctness of technical specification, and such characteristics of the shape of the geometric elements to be controlled, such as flatness, roundness, cylindrical. It is noted that one of the main methods to reduce the uncertainty of coordinate measurements is to reduce the uncertainty in the initial data and measurement conditions, as well as to increase the stability of the tasks due to the reasonable choice of the basic geometric elements (measuring bases) of the part. A prerequisite for obtaining reliable quality indicators is a quantitative assessment of the conditions and organization of the measurement process. To plan and normalize the time of measurements, the authors propose to use analytical formulas, on the basis of which it is possible to perform quantitative analysis and optimization of quality indicators, including the speed of measurements.

COMBINATORIAL POLYNOMIALLY COMPUTABLE CHARACTERISTICS OF SUBSTITUTIONS AND THEIR PROPERTIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR NIKONOV ◽  
◽  
ANTON ZOBOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Expectation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Computational Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bijective Function ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Element Base ◽  
Selection Of

The construction and selection of a suitable bijective function, that is, substitution, is now becoming an important applied task, particularly for building block encryption systems. Many articles have suggested using different approaches to determining the quality of substitution, but most of them are highly computationally complex. The solution of this problem will significantly expand the range of methods for constructing and analyzing scheme in information protection systems. The purpose of research is to find easily measurable characteristics of substitutions, allowing to evaluate their quality, and also measures of the proximity of a particular substitutions to a random one, or its distance from it. For this purpose, several characteristics were proposed in this work: difference and polynomial, and their mathematical expectation was found, as well as variance for the difference characteristic. This allows us to make a conclusion about its quality by comparing the result of calculating the characteristic for a particular substitution with the calculated mathematical expectation. From a computational point of view, the thesises of the article are of exceptional interest due to the simplicity of the algorithm for quantifying the quality of bijective function substitutions. By its nature, the operation of calculating the difference characteristic carries out a simple summation of integer terms in a fixed and small range. Such an operation, both in the modern and in the prospective element base, is embedded in the logic of a wide range of functional elements, especially when implementing computational actions in the optical range, or on other carriers related to the field of nanotechnology.

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