CAUSES OF SPATIAL TRANSFORMATIONS IN RURAL AREAS IN POLAND

Rural areas, defined as land outside towns, except industrial areas, account for over 93% of the area of Poland. They are attractive as a places of work, residence, leisure, as well as places where agricultural and non-agricultural business activities can be conducted. Agriculture is naturally associated with rural areas. Currently, apart from the agricultural function and (depending on the socioeconomic, natural or historical conditions) rural areas are also places of leisure, recreation, residence or industrial activities. This is a consequence of implementation of the concept of multi-functional development of rural areas, in which conditions are created for diverse business activities, while respecting environmental constraints. Such a multifunctional approach must take into account the interests of all parties to avoid spatial conflicts. Therefore, actions aimed at the development of rural areas should be based on an in-depth analysis of the value of the area under consideration, they should take into account natural conditions (soil, climate, terrain) of the land for conducting agricultural activities, but also take into account environmental, social and economic aspects. Objective and historical conditions affecting agriculture in Poland and the experience gained so far indicate that there is a need to change the spatial arrangement of agricultural areas. This is because of the characteristic features of agriculture in Poland, which include a disadvantageous structure of farms in terms of their area, small size of farms, insufficient technical infrastructure in villages and difficult soil conditions. Rural areas in Poland, including agriculture, are undergoing deep structural changes in regard to agricultural production, but also to farm size and layout, demographic and spatial structures as well as technical and social infrastructure. The changes taking place in rural areas in Poland are greatly affected by the Common Agricultural Policy in the European Union. As a member of the EU, Poland has been receiving aid since 2004 and has been implementing actions within Rural Development Programmes. The aim of this paper is to analyse the transformations that have been taking place in rural areas in Poland and to present selected factors and causes of the changes in rural spaces.

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Implementation of Social Responsibility Principles in Agricultural Business

Modern Economics ◽

10.31521/modecon.v26(2021)-01 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 06-11

Author(s):

Anatolii Berzhanir ◽

Keyword(s):

Social Responsibility ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Social Orientation ◽

Social Infrastructure ◽

Agricultural Enterprises ◽

The Social ◽

Agricultural Business ◽

Corporate Social ◽

Level Of Motivation

Abstract. Introduction. The current stage of functioning of the world economic system is characterized by the desire to ensure sustainable development, the essence of which lies in the unity of economic, social and environmental components. The most important tool for its implementation at the level of enterprises, companies, firms is the concept of corporate social responsibility. Purpose. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the essence and analyze the main directions of introducing social responsibility of the domestic agricultural business, as well as the system of objective and subjective factors that influence it. Results. The features of the implementation of the social responsibility system in the domestic agricultural business as an important component of the further development of agricultural production have been investigated. The necessity of activating the social orientation of the agricultural business in connection with the insufficient development of the social sphere of the village and the presence of significant social problems in rural areas has been determined. The essence of social responsibility of business as a voluntary contribution of entrepreneurial structures in solving problems of social, economic and environmental spheres, which is carried out outside the regulatory requirements, has been substantiated. The need to implement an effective management system using modern innovative tools has been pointed out. It has been proven that most agricultural enterprises focus their activities on ensuring decent working conditions for personnel, cooperation with local communities, and solving environmental problems. The directions of implementation of social responsibility of agricultural companies in Ukraine have been shown. The structure and volumes of social investment of the leading agricultural holdings have been characterized. New ways of doing agribusiness and promising areas of social responsibility in the internal and external environment have been formulated. Conclusions. Expanding the scale and improving the mechanisms of social responsibility, increasing the level of motivation and interest of agribusiness to improve the quality of life of rural residents and the development of rural areas will contribute to the intensification of production and social infrastructure. Ultimately, all this will reveal a significant positive impact on the socio-economic development of the regions and the country as a whole.

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Agricultural Holdings in Hilly-Mountain Areas in Slovenia before and after the Accession to the European Union

Eastern European Countryside ◽

10.1515/eec-2015-0002 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 19-34 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kristina Knific ◽

Štefan Bojnec

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Structural Changes ◽

The European Union ◽

Income Diversification ◽

Mountain Areas ◽

Agricultural Employment ◽

Before And After ◽

The Eu

Abstract This paper presents the questionnaire results of the research on implications of the effects of Slovenia’s accession to the European Union (EU) on structural changes in agricultural holdings (AHs) in the case of Škofjeloška hilly-mountain rural areas. The effects are studied based on the analysis of income diversification of AHs three years before the Slovenian accession to the EU in 2000 and six years after the Slovenian accession to the EU in 2010. Strategies of AHs on the basis of the questionnaire were analysed in early 2011. Income diversification of AHs with non-agricultural employment and off-farm incomes is necessary for survival for the majority of AHs. There are observed differences in structural changes in the AHs between areas with different natural conditions for agricultural production, and particularly in the extent and in the direction of structural changes by socioeconomic types of AHs. Structural changes inhibit non-economic objectives of AHs, while non-agricultural employment has a two-way influence.

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Problems of training qualified personnel for agriculture

BIO Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/bioconf/20201700091 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

pp. 00091

Author(s):

Gusel R. Fassakhova ◽

Rosa V. Gataullina ◽

Lilya R. Islamova ◽

Lyubov G. Chumarova ◽

Rezida I. Mukhametzyanova

Keyword(s):

Low Income ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Educational Process ◽

Agricultural Products ◽

University Graduates ◽

Social Infrastructure ◽

School Graduate ◽

Advanced Technologies ◽

Qualified Personnel ◽

Agricultural Business

The authors of the article researched the problem of training high-qualified experts to agricultural business. It is analyzed the difficulties of training students at agricultural university of Tatarstan Republic. Tatarstan Republic takes the leader position in growing agricultural products in Russian Federation. It is very important to train modern experts for agricultural business who can use up-to-date technics to grow organic corns, who can work with advanced technologies not damaging environment. The authors researched the questionaries’ of the school graduates to find the answer to the question as to why young graduates do not want to work in agriculture; why it is very difficult to attract school graduate to agrarian university; what difficulties agrarian university graduates have in agricultural business. The conclusions of this article are based on some surveys done by the authors of this research. The authors found out that there are many reasons for decreasing the number of students to agricultural business as lack of social infrastructure, low income and hard work in rural areas what reduce the motivation of young people to work in agriculture. Understanding all these disadvantages, the faculty of Kazan State Agrarian University tries to improve the situation by modernizing educational process towards individualization of educational system.

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The Regional Development of the Rural Areas in Bulgaria and the Support of the European Union

European Countryside ◽

10.2478/euco-2021-0012 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 208-221

Author(s):

Kamen Petrov

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Economic Development ◽

Rural Areas ◽

The European Union ◽

Social Infrastructure ◽

Territorial Development ◽

Socio Economic Development ◽

Internal Migrations ◽

Real Picture ◽

Regional Problems

Abstract This exhibition is dedicated to the regional problems of rural areas in Bulgaria. The European dimensions of the territorial development of rural areas and their role for the socio-economic development of the population are successively considered. Gradually, the focus shifts to Bulgaria, addressing the main challenges facing rural areas. The territorial problems in front of the settlements, the emerging demographic problems accompanied by internal migrations, are presented. An analysis was made about the problems with employment, the deteriorated social infrastructure, and other problems, which show the real picture of the rural areas in Bulgaria. The overall analysis reveals the needs of rural areas and the state of the population in it. Recommendations are proposed for the implementation of targeted policies for regional rural development.

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SPATIAL PLANNING AS THE BASIS FOR SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT, CONSOLIDATION OF EFFORTS AND SOLIDARITY OF THE UNITED EUROPE PART 2. (Part 1 is in the previous issue of the journal)

THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ISSUES OF ECONOMICS ◽

10.17721/tppe.2021.43.9 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 86-99

Author(s):

Iryna Berezhna ◽

◽

Olena Grishnova ◽

Ekaterina Mikhurinskaia ◽

Artem Berezhnoy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Natural Resources ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Spatial Planning ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Spatial Development ◽

The European Union ◽

Balanced Development ◽

Supporting Frame

Considering that the goal of the spatial development of the European Union is to ensure the sustainable development of European regions, strengthen democratic structures at the regional and municipal levels and increase competitiveness, the usefulness of spatial planning is justified. This will allow improving the placement of productive forces, resettlement schemes, highlighting the areas of the most important natural objects, taking into account economic specialization, the level of development, the nature of the use of natural resources and economic potentials, etc. An integrated approach to spatial planning is proposed, which provides for identifying the features of the supporting frame, zoning the territory taking into account social, economic and environmental characteristics, and optimizing the territorial structure. This will create conditions for overcoming structural changes in the spatial development of the region related to the need to regulate land use processes, the integration of various regions (industries, companies), the development of single-industry towns and rural areas, the optimization of transport corridors, and the stabilization of the environmental background. Attention is paid to the harmonious mutual development of ecological and economic systems, which is provided by the design of the architecture of the supporting and ecological frames. At the same time, the results of studies on the level of anthropogenic and technogenic load, maximum permissible standards for the use of natural resources (water bodies, land resources, air, etc.), as well as, the presence of pathogenic zones, should be taken into account. The implementation of the proposed approach requires the consolidation of the efforts of territorial communities at different levels, based on the principles of cooperation, integration and unification, which will consider the general development trends and specific characteristics of the territories. The main result will be the strengthening of the commonwealth, strengthening the solidarity of the participating countries in achieving strategic guidelines for the balanced development of the European Union and effectively countering modern challenges.

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SPATIAL PLANNING AS THE BASIS FOR SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT, CONSOLIDATION OF EFFORTS AND SOLIDARITY OF THE UNITED EUROPE PART 1.

THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ISSUES OF ECONOMICS ◽

10.17721/tppe.2021.42.9 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 102-117

Author(s):

Iryna Berezhna ◽

Olena Grishnova ◽

Ekaterina Mikhurinskaia ◽

Artem Berezhnoy

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Natural Resources ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Spatial Planning ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Spatial Development ◽

The European Union ◽

Balanced Development ◽

Supporting Frame

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The analysis of the spatial layout of land in relation to less favoured areas (LFA) in the Milejów comune, Łęczna district

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20198600014 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 86 ◽

pp. 00014

Author(s):

Żanna Stręk ◽

Justyna Wójcik-Leń

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Agricultural Land ◽

Land Development ◽

Spatial Arrangement ◽

The European Union ◽

Rural Land ◽

Historical Processes ◽

Production Space ◽

Political Conditions

Rural land in Poland accounts for more than 90% of the area of the country and plays a very significant role. It is inhabited by 38.1% of the population. Unfortunately, these people are largely unemployed. The present status of the agricultural production space is a result of many centuries of human activity closely connected with social and economic, legal and political conditions. The spatial arrangement of land in the rural areas of central, southern, south eastern and eastern Poland, developed by historical processes, is characterized by the frequent occurrence of individual plot patchworks. An incorrect configuration of land owned by farmers considerably affects the profitability and effectiveness of agricultural production. The accession of Poland to the European Union offered many options for development to our country and in particular to the Polish countryside. Reconstruction of the defective spatial structure in Poland is one of the priorities of the EU’s agricultural policy. Numerous development programmes (SOP, RDP) are used for financing land consolidation and exchange works which are one of the basic tools for transforming ownership and structural relations in rural areas. With regard to the fact that agricultural land in Poland is greatly differentiated, particular attention should be paid to less favoured areas (LFA). It seems obvious that farmers in LFA are not able to generate the same earnings from crops as those generated by farmers in favoured areas. For the purposes of this publication, detailed surveys were carried out in the Milejów commune, Łęczna district, Lublin voivodship. Five villages in that commune were classified as less favoured areas. The analyses showed that Milejów is one of two communes in the Łęczna district with the smallest average area of plot owned by individual farmers. Based on the analysis of the structure of ownership and use, fragmentation and distribution of plots, as well as identification of less favoured areas, an alternative land development model was proposed, along with the reconstruction of the existing arrangement of land through comprehensive consolidation and exchange of land.

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Infrastructure support for social development of rural areas of the Kiev region

Ekonomìka ta upravlìnnâ APK ◽

10.33245/2310-9262-2019-148-1-76-88 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 76-88

Author(s):

D. Utechenko

Keyword(s):

Social Services ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Rural Population ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Metropolitan Region ◽

Rural Settlements ◽

Social Infrastructure ◽

Rural Sector ◽

Natural Movement ◽

And Migration

The article is devoted to the problems of development of rural territories. Considered topical issues, the reasons for imperfect infrastructure support, analysis and proposed ways to overcome the problems of rural lag in the development of social infrastructure. Various scientific approaches to the interpretation of the concept of social infrastructure have been investigated. The article contains the results of researches of the rural sector of Ukraine in the context of the region – the Kiev region. The functions of the socio-territorial subsystem, which provides functioning of the rural sector, and its connection with the processes of reproduction of the labor force are analyzed. The results of the analysis based on the settlement of the rural population, social conditions of the peasants' life, living conditions and the tendencies of its reproduction are contained. The study of statistical data, allowed to highlight certain changes that arose on the basis of structural changes and dynamics of the rural population of the Kiev region. Are identified regions of the Kiev region, which can be attributed to a group of depressive according to the age category of residents living in them, based on the analysis of natural movement, migration and development prospects of rural settlements. According to the statistics of the natural movement and migration of the rural population, the aging of the nation and high mortality rates are also noted. The list of objects of social purpose is presented, and attention is focused on provision of rural settlements with these objects and networks of engineering infrastructure. An example of the administrative and economic centers of the metropolitan region, analysis and description (distance, number of flights, centers of social services) of the transport accessibility of service centers for non-central villagers has been carried out. The studies allowed to study the network of social infrastructure of rural settlements, as a result of which the areas of commercialization of social sectors, including utilities and engineering infrastructure, were identified. It is proved that infrastructure provision creates preconditions for the socio-economic development of rural areas and the country as a whole. Key words: rural territories, development, social infrastructure, quality of life, services.

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Mechanisms for Regulating the Labor Resources of Rural Territories

Economy of agricultural and processing enterprises ◽

10.31442/0235-2494-2020-0-6-54-57 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 54-57

Author(s):

N.M. Edrenkina ◽

◽

A.E. Lisitsin ◽

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Public Private Partnership ◽

State Regulation ◽

Social Infrastructure ◽

Private Partnership ◽

Labor Resources ◽

Labor Potential

The tendencies of state regulation of the labor potential of rural territories are revealed, which prove the lack of effective mechanisms of its reproduction. Mechanisms to increase the efficiency of state regulation of the labor potential on rural areas, aimed primarily at creating jobs and the number of people employed in the segment of small and medium-sized business are proposed. Thanks to public-private partnership in this area, it is possible to reduce budget expenditures on the development of social infrastructure.

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Human potential in the system of social and economic development: problems and prospects of Vinnytsia region

Regional Economy ◽

10.36818/1562-0905-2020-3-8 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 71-80

Author(s):

Olesya Tomchuk

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Human Development ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Well Being ◽

Human Potential ◽

High Tech ◽

Social And Economic Development

The article highlights the problems and prospects of human development, which is the basis for the long-term strategies of social and economic growth of different countries and regions at the present stage. Submitting strategies of this type provides an opportunity to focus on individual empowerment and to build a favorable environment for effective management decisions in the field of forming, maintaining, and restoring human potential. The analysis of the Vinnytsia region human potential dynamics in the regional system of social and economic development factors was carried out. Application of generalized assessment of the regional human development index components allowed the identification of the main trends that characterize the formation of human potential of the territory, including the reproduction of the population, social environment, comfort and quality of life, well-being, decent work, and education. The article emphasizes that despite some positive changes in the social and economic situation of the region and in assessing the parameters of its human development level relative to other regions of Ukraine, Vinnytsia region is now losing its human potential due to negative demographic situation and migration to other regions and countries. The main reason for such dynamics is proven to be related to the outdated structure of the region's economy, the predominance of the agricultural sector, the lack of progressive transformations in the development of high-tech fields of the economy. An important factor is the low level of urbanization of the region, which leads to the spread of less attractive working conditions and less comfortable living conditions. The key factors that cause the growth of urbanization in the region have been identified, including the significant positive impact of the transport and social infrastructure expansion, the lack of which in rural areas leads to a decrease in the level and comfort of life. Without progressive structural changes in the economy and the resettlement system, the loss of human potential will continue.

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