scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis in pre-weaned cattle calves in Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-120
Author(s):  
N. M. T. Abu El Ezz ◽  
F. A. M. Khalil ◽  
K. A. Abd El-Razik
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Acute Diarrhoea ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Molecular Characterisation ◽  
High Homology ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Cryptosporidium Oocysts ◽  
Probable Role

The aim of this study was to throw more light on the genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium parvum isolates originating from pre-weaned cattle calves in Egypt using multilocus gene analysis. Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum) is a global zoonotic protozoan causing severe acute diarrhoea in humans and different animals. In this study, 172 diarrhoeic faecal samples collected from pre-weaned cattle calves at Giza and Sharkia governorates of Egypt were screened by modified Ziehl-Neelsen acid-fast microscopy for detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts. From them, 79 (45.9%) samples were positive for this test. Molecular characterisation using nested PCR showed a high sensitivity and accuracy in the verification of all C. parvum isolates. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis of five isolates confirmed three buffalo and two cattle variants of C. parvum. Moreover, there was a high homology between present isolates with others from different governorates of Egypt and also with that of Latin America that may be due to the introduction of live animals from these countries to Egypt. In conclusion, this study demonstrates some features of Cryptosporidium transmission in cattle in Egypt and addresses the probable role of cattle calves in zoonotic cryptosporidiosis. More consideration should be focused on the role of the imported livestock in the transmission of the disease.

scholarly journals Cryptosporidium infection in non-human hosts in Malawi

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Banda ◽  
Rosely A.B. Nichols ◽  
A.M. Grimason ◽  
H.V. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Cryptosporidium Oocyst ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Cryptosporidium Hominis ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Cryptosporidium Oocysts

Of 1 346 faecal samples from the Chikwawa and Thyolo districts of Malawi, analysed for the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts between October 2001 and May 2003, 61.3 % were from cattle (29.8 % of these were from calves < 6 months old). Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected during all three seasons studied in Chikwawa and Thyolo. In Chikwawa, 13.6 % of adult cattle and 11.7 % of calves were infected, compared to 28.9 % of adult cattle and 36.7 % of calves in Thyolo. Dependent on season, between 7.8 % and 37.7 % (Chikwawa) and 16.7 % and 39.3 % (Thyolo) of cattle samples contained oocysts. In Chikwawa, the highest percentage of infections occurred in the cool season, whereas in Thyolo, the highest percentage of infections occurred in the dry season. Faecal samples from goats [n = 225], pigs [n = 92], sheep [n = 6]), rabbits, guinea pigs, chickens, ducks, turkeys, doves and guinea fowls were also analysed. Up to 5.6 % of goat samples contained oocysts in Chikwawa, compared to between 16.7 % and 39.3 % in Thyolo. Again, in Chikwawa, the highest percentage of infections occurred in the cool season and the lowest in the rainy season, whereas, in Thyolo, the highest percentage of infections occurred in the dry season and the lowest in the cool season. In pigs, more infections were detected in the dry season in Chikwawa, but infections in the cool season were similar (17.7 %), whereas in Thyolo, infections occurred in all three seasons (17.9 % in the rainy season, 25 % in the cool season and 60 % in the dry season). Often diarrhoeic, oocyst positive cattle faecal samples collected from Chikwawa and subjected to PCR-RFLP, four oocyst positive samples (two from heifers, one from a cow and one unknown) were amplified at an 18S rRNA and Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (COWP) loci. RFLP of the 18S rRNA locus indicated that Cryptosporidium parvum, Cryptosporidium hominis, Cryptosporidium bovis and / or Cryptosporidium ryanae DNA, or a mixture of them was present. Cryptosporidium parvum DNA was identified in one sample that amplified at the COWP locus, indicating the presence of the major zoonotic Cryptosporidium species in Malawi.

Prevalence and molecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium spp. in goat kids

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Dixit ◽  
Pooja Dixit ◽  
M.L.V. Rao ◽  
Rohita Gupta ◽  
P. C. Shukla
Keyword(s):  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Cryptosporidium Species ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Molecular Characterisation ◽  
Ssu Rrna ◽  
Cryptosporidium Spp ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pcr Rflp

Prevalence and molecular characterisation of Cryptosporidium species was done in kids belonging to organised and non-organised goat farms at Jabalpur. The overall prevalence of Cryptosporidium was 14.63%. The prevalence was non-significantly higher in male kids (16.16%) as compared to that of female kids (13.21%). Age wise prevalence was higher in kids up to one month age (16.13%) than that of kids upto 3 months age (13.99%). No significant difference was found in prevalence among different breeds and in kids kept in farm or field conditions. The prevalence was non-significantly higher in non-diarrhoeic kids than diarrhoeic kids. Most of the infections were of one score (76.6%). Molecular characterisation by PCR-RFLP of 18S SSU rRNA gene revealed presence of Cryptosporidium parvum species in positive faecal samples.

scholarly journals Species distribution, antibiotic resistance and virulence traits in canine and feline enterococci in Tunisia

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leila Ben Said ◽  
Raoudha Dziri ◽  
Nadia Sassi ◽  
Carmen Lozano ◽  
Karim Ben Slama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Household Environment ◽  
High Level

In order to investigate the possible role of dogs and cats in the carriage and potential dissemination of resistant enterococci, seventy faecal samples from dogs and cats were tested for enterococci. Fifty-eight enterococci were recovered. Isolates were identified as Enterococcus faecium (n = 31) and E. faecalis (n = 14) E. durans (n = 6), E. casseliflavus (n = 2), E. hirae and E. gallinarum (2 isolates each). Enterococcal isolates showed resistance to ciprofloxacin (n = 35), erythromycin (n = 31), tetracycline (n = 25), kanamycin (n = 15), streptomycin (n = 13), pristinamycin (n = 11), gentamicin (n = 10), chloramphenicol (n = 8), and linezolid (n = 6). The gene erm(B) was detected in 22 out of 31 erythromycin-resistant enterococci. All tetracycline-resistant enterococci carried tet(M) and/or tet(L) genes. The gene aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia was identified in five of high-level gentamicin-resistant isolates, the genes aph(3′)-IIIa and/or aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia in eleven high-level kanamycin-resistant isolates and the gene ant(6)-Ia in eleven high-level streptomycin-resistant isolates. Only one strain harboured cat(A) gene, and five strains contained vat(E) or vat(D) genes. Virulence genes gel(E) (21 strains), esp (11 strains) and cylA/cylB (5 strains) were detected. High genetic diversity was demonstrated among E. faecium isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Dogs and cats can be carriers of antibiotic-resistant enterococci in their faeces that could shed into the household environment.

A Probable Role of Eosinophilia, IgE and Complement in Bullous Pemphigoid Patients

1975 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 532-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zenro IKEZAWA ◽  
Yo KAMEDA ◽  
Mitsuaki UCHIYAMA ◽  
Hiroshi NAKAJIMA ◽  
Toru BABA
Keyword(s):  
Bullous Pemphigoid ◽  
Probable Role

Role of high sensitivity C - Reactive protein and some of heavy metals in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nashwan S. Albabawaty ◽  
Ali Y. Majid ◽  
Mohammed H. Alosami ◽  
Halla G. Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein

Recent Progress in the Analysis of Captopril Using Electrochemical Methods: A Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarfaraz Ahmed Mahesar ◽  
Saeed Ahmed Lakho ◽  
Syed Tufail Hussain Sherazi ◽  
Hamid Ali Kazi ◽  
Kamran Ahmed Abro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Inhibitor ◽  
Modified Electrodes ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Electrochemical Methods ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Moderate Heart Failure ◽  
Analytical Instrumentation

Background: Captopril is the synthetic dipeptide used as an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor. Captopril is used to treat hypertension as well as for the treatment of moderate heart failure. Analytical instrumentation and methodology plays an important role in pharmaceutical analysis. Methods: This review presents some important applications of electrochemical modes used for the analysis of captopril. So far captopril has been analyzed by using different bare and modified working electrodes with a variety of modifiers from organic and inorganic materials to various types of nano particles/materials. Results: This paper presents some of the methods which have been published in the last few years i.e. from 2003 to 2016. This review highlights the role of the analytical instrumentation, particularly electrochemical methods in assessing captopril using various working electrodes. Conclusion: A large number of studies on voltammetry noted by means of various bare and modified electrodes. Among all of the published voltammetric methods, DPV, SWV, CV and miscellaneous modes were trendy techniques used to analyze captopril in pharmaceutical formulations as well as biological samples. Electrodes modified with nanomaterials are promising sensing tools as this showed high sensitivity, good accuracy with precision as well as selectivity. In comparison to chromatographic methods, the main advantages of electrochemical methods are its cheaper instrumentation, lower detection limit and minimal or no sample preparation.

scholarly journals Role of MRI evaluation in acute secondary inability to walk in children

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. H. Sedeek ◽  
K. Aboualfotouh ◽  
S. M. Hassanein ◽  
N. M. Osman ◽  
M. H. Shalaby
Keyword(s):  
Transverse Myelitis ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis ◽  
Limb Weakness ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Bilateral Lower Limb ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

Abstract Background Acute bilateral lower limb weakness is a common problem in children which necessitates a rapid method for diagnosis. MRI is a non-invasive imaging technique that produces high-quality images of the internal structure of the brain and spinal cord. Results MRI was very helpful in reaching rapid and prompt diagnosis in children with acute inability to walk. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS), and acute transverse myelitis (ATM) were the most common causes in our study. MRI proved to be of high sensitivity in detecting the lesions and reaching the diagnosis in ADEM and GBS; however, there was no significant relation between the lesions’ size, enhancement pattern, and severity of the disease or prognosis, yet in ATM the site of the lesion and number of cord segment affection were significantly related to the severity of the disease and prognosis. Conclusion MRI is a quick tool to reach the diagnosis of children with acute secondary inability to walk, and to eliminate other differential diagnosis which is essential for proper treatment and rapid full recovery. It is highly sensitive in detecting the lesions, their site and size.

scholarly journals Through thick and thin: Diagnosis of transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis through non-invasive multimodality imaging

2021 ◽  
pp. 201010582110061
Author(s):  
Raja Ezman Raja Shariff ◽  
Hafisyatul Aiza Zainal Abidin ◽  
Sazzli Kasim
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Amyloidosis ◽  
Troponin T ◽  
Multimodality Imaging ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Dark Blood ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Doppler Study ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
High Sensitivity Troponin T

Cardiac amyloidosis is a severely underdiagnosed cause of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. We report a case of highly probable transthyretin (ATTR) cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA) diagnosed through the assistance of non-invasive multimodality imaging. An 81-year-old man presented with worsening dyspnoea, reduced effort tolerance and limb swelling. Examination and bedside investigations demonstrated congestive cardiac failure. On arrival, N-terminal-pro B-type natriuretic peptide was 2400 ng/L, and high-sensitivity troponin T was 78 mmol/L. Echocardiography showed severe left and right ventricular hypertrophy, and a Doppler study revealed diastolic dysfunction. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging revealed on non-conventional dark blood sequence an abnormal inversion time for nulling myocardium suggestive of infiltrative disease, including amyloidosis. The patient was referred for nuclear-based studies involving technetium-99m pyrophosphate which demonstrated changes highly diagnostic of ATTR-CA. Early diagnosis of ATTR-CA remains paramount due to the increasing availability of disease-modifying therapies. Current guidelines recognise the role of multimodality imaging in confidently recognising the disease without the need for histological evidence in the appropriate context, providing an alternative means of diagnosis.

First record of albino lowland tapirs (Tapirus terrestris Linnaeus 1758) in an important Brazilian Atlantic Forest hotspot

Mammalia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 601-604
Author(s):  
Mariana Bueno Landis ◽  
Luciano Candisani ◽  
Leticia Prado Munhoes ◽  
João Carlos Zecchini Gebin ◽  
Frineia Rezende ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
First Record ◽  
Brazilian Atlantic Forest ◽  
Tapirus Terrestris

AbstractAlbinism is the absence of pigmentation or coloration and is rarely found in nature. In this study we examined photos and videos obtained by cameras traps in the Legado das Águas Reserve. In the images, we identified two albino lowland tapirs. The results highlight the necessity of understanding the genetic diversity of lowland tapir populations and the important role of the professional photography associated with scientific research.

scholarly journals Limited Genetic Diversity Detected in Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Related Coronavirus Variants Circulating in Dromedary Camels in Jordan

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 592
Author(s):  
Stephanie N. Seifert ◽  
Jonathan E. Schulz ◽  
Stacy Ricklefs ◽  
Michael Letko ◽  
Elangeni Yabba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Middle East ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Full Genome Sequence ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Dromedary Camels

Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a persistent zoonotic pathogen with frequent spillover from dromedary camels to humans in the Arabian Peninsula, resulting in limited outbreaks of MERS with a high case-fatality rate. Full genome sequence data from camel-derived MERS-CoV variants show diverse lineages circulating in domestic camels with frequent recombination. More than 90% of the available full MERS-CoV genome sequences derived from camels are from just two countries, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) and United Arab Emirates (UAE). In this study, we employ a novel method to amplify and sequence the partial MERS-CoV genome with high sensitivity from nasal swabs of infected camels. We recovered more than 99% of the MERS-CoV genome from field-collected samples with greater than 500 TCID50 equivalent per nasal swab from camel herds sampled in Jordan in May 2016. Our subsequent analyses of 14 camel-derived MERS-CoV genomes show a striking lack of genetic diversity circulating in Jordan camels relative to MERS-CoV genome sequences derived from large camel markets in KSA and UAE. The low genetic diversity detected in Jordan camels during our study is consistent with a lack of endemic circulation in these camel herds and reflective of data from MERS outbreaks in humans dominated by nosocomial transmission following a single introduction as reported during the 2015 MERS outbreak in South Korea. Our data suggest transmission of MERS-CoV among two camel herds in Jordan in 2016 following a single introduction event.

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