scholarly journals Clinical and bacteriological examinations of dogs with tonsillitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-236
Author(s):  
D. Sylejmani ◽  
I. Miftari ◽  
A. Hamidi ◽  
A. Robaj
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Staphylococcus Intermedius ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of tonsillitis in dogs and isolation of bacteria involved as well as their antimicrobial susceptibility. For this purpose from June 2015 to August 2017, 12 clinical cases of dogs with tonsillitis have been examined, and a total of 24 samples were collected. Diagnosis was based on anamnesis, clinical signs, haematology and biochemical tests and bacteriological analyses. The isolation and identification of bacteria was carried out according to conventional microbiological methods and biochemical tests, while the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial isolates was tested using the disk diffusion method. Escherichia coli was the most commonly isolated bacteria with isolation rate 35.0%, followed by Streptococcus pyogenes (27.50%), Staphylococcus aureus (20%), Staphylococcus intermedius (10%) and Pasteurella spp. (7.5%). A high resistance to ampicillin, streptomicin and penicillin G was shown by E. coli, S. intermedius, S. pyogenes isolates. None of S. pyogenes, S. aureus, S. intermedius and Pasteurella spp., isolates was resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid.

Occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility ofbacterial agents of canine pyometra

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afrim Hamidi ◽  
Driton Sylejmani ◽  
Avni Robaj
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Small Female ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Staphylococcus Intermedius ◽  
Identification Of Bacteria

The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of pyometra in bitches and isolation of bacteria involved and determination of their antimicrobial susceptibility. For this purpose from March 2013 to February 2015, 230 bitches of different breeds and ages have been examined. Diagnosis was based on anamnesis, clinical signs, hematology, radiography and ultrasound. The isolation and identification of bacteria in pyometra was carried out using ISO-methods and the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial isolates using the disk diffusion method. Canine pyometra was found more in bitches between 9-12 years old 10 cases (52.63%), and the most common dog affected breeds were small female dogs breed. The most common isolated pathogens from canine pyometra were; Escherichia coli (63.1%), Streptococcus pyogenes., (15.8%), Staphylococcus intermedius., (10.5%) and, Pseudomonas aeruginosa., (5.3%). Regarding AMR (antimicrobial resistance) Penicilin G and Ampicillin showed a very high resistance, indicating for acquired resistance due to improper und uncontrolled use.

scholarly journals Isolation and phenotypic characterization of Gallibacterium anatis biovar haemolytica from a hen with hemorrhagic ooforitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 3090-3094
Author(s):  
IONUT SORESCU ◽  
LUMINITA MARIA ROMASCU ◽  
MARIA IONESCU ◽  
ANDREI POPOVICI ◽  
COSTIN STOICA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
On Line ◽  
Standard Disk ◽  
Online Software

Objective: the isolation and phenotypically identification of a Gallibacterium anatis biovar haemolytica strain from a hen with hemorrhagic ooforitis; the antimicrobial susceptibility testing of this isolate. Methods and results: a strain of G. anatis biovar haemolytica, was isolated and phenotypic identified by morphological, cultural and biochemical characters examination, with API 20 E, API 20 NE, API STAPH, API ZYM tests and ABIS online software. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolate was performed using the standard disk diffusion method. Conclusions: a strain of G. anatis biovar haemolytica was isolated and phenotypically identified from a hen. From our knowledge, this is the first reporting in Romania of isolation and identification of G. anatis biovar haemolytica. The Gah IDSA 161 strain could be phenotypic identified only by ABIS on line software, Pasteurellaceae Database version, unifying the results of four API kits and other biochemical tests. The isolate showed a multi-drug resistant profile to tetracyclines (tetracycline, oxitetracycline, doxicyclin), floroquinolones (enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin), ampicillin, trimethoprim, nalidixic acid, clindamycin, and it was susceptible to sulfonamide, sulfomethoxazole/trimethoprim, gentamicin, cephalothin, streptomycin, amoxicilin/clavulanic acid.

scholarly journals Isolation, Identification, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test of Bacteria from Vulva Swab of African Pygmy Hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris) and Sunda Porcupine (Hystrix javanica)

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 06009
Author(s):  
Anindya Dwi Ash-Santri ◽  
Vinsa Cantya Prakasita ◽  
Yosua Kristian Adi ◽  
Teguh Budipitojo ◽  
Agnesia Endang Tri Hastuti Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Susceptibility Test ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Selective Media

Atelerix albiventris and Hystrix javanica are currently traded as pets or consumed in Indonesia, but there has been no research about bacteria from the vulva swab before. This research aims to isolate and identify bacteria from the vulva swabs of Atelerix albiventris and Hystrix javanica, and identify their antibiotic susceptibility. Samples were isolated by blood agar plates and selective media and identified by biochemical tests. Kirby Bauer’s disk diffusion method was used for the antimicrobial susceptibility test. The result showed that from Atelerix albiventris was isolated and identified Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis, while from Hystrix javanica was isolated and identified Escherichia coli. The identified Escherichia coli was sensitive to Amikacin, Amoxycillin, Ampicillin, Enrofloxacin, Fosfomycin, Chloramphenicol, Tetracycline, Trimethoprim, and Kanamycin; intermediate to Streptomycin; and resistant to Erythromycin and Penicillin G. The identified Proteus mirabilis was sensitive to Amikacin, Amoxycillin, Kanamycin, Enrofloxacin, and Fosfomycin; and resistant to Erythromycin, Penicillin G, Streptomycin, Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol, Tetracycline, and Trimethoprim. This research concludes that Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis were isolated from vulva swab of Atelerix albiventris and Hystrix javanica, Escherichia coli was sensitive to eight antibiotics, while Proteus mirabilis was sensitive to five antibiotics.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Clinical Isolates of Escherichia coli at a Tertiary Care Hospital

KYAMC Journal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 681-686
Author(s):  
Md Shakhaowat Hossain ◽  
Rehana Khatun ◽  
Mohammed Solayman ◽  
Babul Aktar ◽  
Abdullah Akhtar Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Tract Infections

Infections due to multidrug resistant E.coli range from uncomplicated urinary tract infections to life-threatening sepsis. A retrospective study was conducted to determine the patterns of antimicrobial susceptibility in 173 (12.84%) Escherichia coli strains isolated from 1347 clinical specimens of different types. Isolation and identification of E.coli were done as per routine laboratory protocol directed by Cheesbrough1. The isolation rate of E.coli was 48.57% in stool followed by 17.68% in urine, 25% in wound swabs, and 15.38% in tracheal aspirate etc. Among the 173 isolates 102 (59%) were from males and 71 (41%) were from females. Patients were classified into five age groups: 0-15, 16-30, 31-45, 46-60 and >60 years. E.coli was found highest number in females (13.9%) of age range 31-45 years and in males (22%) belonged to age group of over 60 years. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing by the disk diffusion method was conducted for 22 different antibiotics. The majority of isolated E.coli were highly sensitive to Imipenem (98.18%), Meropenem (97.37%), Amikacin (91.67%), Amoxiclav (80%), Ceftazidime (73.33%), and Gentamycin (71.76%). The antibiotics Tobramycin and Azithromycin were found as moderately sensitive against E.coli with the susceptibility rate of 52.5% and 50% respectively. The isolates show low degree of susceptibility to Penicillin G (9.52%), Carbenicillin (10%), Erythromycin (19.48%), Amoxycillin (19.59%), and Ampicillin (25%). These findings have clinical and epidemiological significance and provide a benchmark for future studies on the pattern of susceptibility of clinical isolates of E.coli in this region as well as may help the clinician to prescribe the right empirical treatment.KYAMC Journal Vol. 7, No.-1, Jul 2016, Page 681-686

scholarly journals Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Antibiogram of Nontyphoidal Salmonella from Beef in Ambo and Holeta Towns, Oromia Region, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Endrias Zewdu Gebremedhin ◽  
Gezahegn Tafesse Soboka ◽  
Bizunesh Mideksa Borana ◽  
Lencho Megersa Marami ◽  
Edilu Jorga Sarba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Food Of Animal Origin

Background. Salmonella has been recognized as a major cause of food-borne illness associated with the consumption of food of animal origin. The present cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2017 to May 2018 in Ambo and Holeta towns to assess the prevalence, risk factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of nontyphoidal Salmonella isolates from raw beef samples from abattoirs, butchers, and restaurants in Ambo and Holeta towns, Oromia region, Ethiopia. Methods. A total of 354 beef samples were collected from abattoirs, butchers, and restaurants. Salmonella isolation and identification were carried out using standard bacteriological methods recommended by the International Organization for Standardization. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method. Besides, a structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic data and potential risk factors for contamination of meat. Chi-square tests and logistic regression were used for data analyses. Results. Of the total 354 meat samples examined, 20 (5.7%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.5–8.6) were positive for Salmonella. Two serotypes belonging to S. typhimurium (11 isolates) and I:4,5,12: i:- (9 isolates) were identified. The Salmonella detection rate in abattoirs, butchers, and restaurants was 4.2% (5/118), 8.5% (10/118), and 4.2% (5/118), respectively. The antimicrobial susceptibility test showed that 40%, 30%, and 20% of the Salmonella isolates were resistant to azithromycin, amoxicillin, and ceftriaxone, respectively. The odds of Salmonella isolation when meat handlers are illiterate were 7.8 times higher than those when they are educated to the level of secondary and above ( P = 0.032 ). Similarly, the likelihood of Salmonella isolation was 6.3 and 7.6 times higher among workers of butcher and restaurants, respectively, who had no training ( P = 0.003 ) and no knowledge ( P = 0.010 ) on food safety and hygiene. Conclusions. The study showed widespread multidrug-resistant Salmonella isolates in the study areas. Therefore, raw meat consumption and indiscriminate use of antimicrobial drugs should be discouraged. Provision of food safety education for meat handlers and further surveillance of antimicrobial-resistant isolates are suggested.

Prevalence and Antibiograms of Salmonella in Commercially Produced Crocodile meat in Zimbabwe

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
A.Z. Nhidza ◽  
C. Gufe ◽  
J. Marumure ◽  
Z. Makuvara ◽  
T. Chisango ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Analysis ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Critical Control Point ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Susceptibility Profiles

The presence of Salmonella in food products and emergence of antibiotic resistance are the major challenges facing public health policies. A total of 2749 crocodile meat samples obtained from the Central Veterinary Laboratories in Zimbabwe were screened for Salmonella specieswere collected from three Zimbabwean commercial farms between the year 2012 and 2019 for a retrospective observational study to determine the prevalence and magnitude of antibiotics resistant Salmonella species in crocodile meat. The isolation of Salmonella was in accordance with the ISO 6579:2002 and the antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out based on Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute’s recommendations by means of the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. SILAB Database was used to determine the prevalence of Salmonella species. Prevalence was stratified by year and farms. Twenty Salmonella isolates were identified using biochemical tests, and 15 were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of the confirmed Salmonella isolates were examined using 14 antibiotics. The overall prevalence of Salmonella species in crocodile meat samples was 0.5%. The prevalence of Salmonella species ranged from 0.04% to 0.44% in the crocodile meat samples and annual prevalence ranged from 0.01% to 1%. The highest prevalence of Salmonella (4.4%) was recorded in the year 2012. Salmonella isolates from one of the three tested farms were resistant to Erythromycin (73.33%), Ampicillin (80%), and Penicillin G (100%). Generally, Salmonella isolates displayed lower resistance to Cefepime, Ceftriaxone, Amikacin, Tetracycline, Ertapenem, Florfenicol, and Erythromycin (0-53.33%) whereas all Salmonella isolates showed susceptibility to Cefepime, Ceftriaxone, Ertapenem, and Florfenicol. Although the study indicates low prevalence of Salmonella species in crocodile meat, there is a need for strict implementation of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) to reduce contamination rates in meat and its products

scholarly journals Prevalence, seasonality, and antimicrobial resistance of thermotolerant Campylobacter isolated from broiler farms and slaughterhouses in East Algeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1221-1228
Author(s):  
Mohamed Baali ◽  
Mohamed Lounis ◽  
Hanan Laidouci Al Amir ◽  
Ammar Ayachi ◽  
Ahcen Hakem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Contamination Rate ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Initial Finding ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

Aim: The current study was carried out to determine the prevalence, seasonality, and antimicrobial profile of thermotolerant Campylobacter isolated from broiler chickens in Batna, East Algeria, from June 2016 to June 2018. Materials and Methods: A total of 960 samples, including 480 cloacal swabs, 240 cecal contents, and 240 neck skin samples collected from 6 poultry farms and 12 slaughterhouses, were included in this study. After isolation and identification, susceptibility to seven antimicrobial agents was tested by the disk diffusion method. The seasonality of Campylobacter infection at broiler farms was statistically analyzed. Results: The data showed that 65%, 55%, and 70% of the cloacal swab, neck skin, and cecal content samples were contaminated with thermotolerant Campylobacter strains, respectively (p<0.05). Among the isolated campylobacteria, Campylobacter jejuni was the predominant species (73.5%). Sampling season exhibited a significant impact on the prevalence of Campylobacter (p<0.01), with peak occurrence in summer. All of the isolates were susceptible to gentamicin and resistant to ampicillin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, while 83.3% of them were resistant to erythromycin. Interestingly, 16 different resistance profiles were noted, with the combination of "ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and tetracycline" being the most common, identified in 20.7% of isolated strains. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the presence of a high contamination rate of multidrug-resistant Campylobacter in farms and slaughterhouses in East Algeria. These findings underscore the need to apply strict control measures to avoid any associated public health hazard among Algerian consumers. This initial finding of the contamination of poultry with this zoonotic pathogen in East Algeria suggests the value of periodic comprehensive evaluation of associated disease in poultry as well as in humans in this region.

scholarly journals Detection of Antibiotics Sensitivity at Different PH Levels for Proteus Mirabilis Isolated from Patients with Urinary Tract Infections

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 132-144
Author(s):  
Ehsan F. Hussein
Keyword(s):  
High Activity ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Neutral Ph ◽  
Antibiotics Susceptibility ◽  
Antibiotics Sensitivity ◽  
Tract Infections

One hundred and sixty-nine samples of urine have been collected through the period from December/2016 to May/2017. Were for isolation and identification of Proteus mirabilis. Isolated from urine in patients with UTI. Identification was done by grow-  ing on different media and biochemical tests as well as the antibiotics susceptibility were studied by using twenty types of antibiotics at acidic pH, neutral pH and alkaline or basic pH by disc diffusion method. These antibiotics were involved Ciprofloxacin, Amikcin, Meromenem, Imipenem, Ampicillin, Rifampin, Gentamicin, Trimethoprim, Tetracycline, Amoxicillin, Sulfamethoxazole, Carbnicillin, Rifaximin, Penicillin-G, Ox- olinic acid, Bacitracin, Clindamycin, Erthromycin, Novamicin and Aztreomycin. The Ciprofloxacin and Aztreomycin have high activity at both acidic and neutral pH, while the Amikcin, Meromenem, Imipenem and Ciprofloxacin have high activity at basicity pH against these bacteria.

scholarly journals Bacterial profiles and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Isolates from inanimate hospital environments at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Teaching Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shemse Sebre ◽  
Woldaregay Erku ◽  
Aminu Seman ◽  
Tewachw Awoke ◽  
Zelalem Desalegn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Medical Equipment ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern

AbstractMicrobial contamination of hospital environment plays an important role in the spread of health care-associated infections (HCAIs). This study was conducted to determine bacterial contamination, bacterial profiles and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates from environmental surfaces and medical equipment. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH) from June to September, 2018. A total of 164 inanimate surfaces located at intensive care units (ICUs) and operation theaters (OTs) were swabbed. All isolates were identified by using routine bacterial culture, Gram staining and a panel of biochemical tests. For each identified bacteria, antibiogram profiles were determined by the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method according to the guidelines of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Out of the 164 swabbed samples, 141 (86%) were positive for bacterial growth. The predominant bacteria identified from OTs and ICUs were S. aureus (23% vs 11.5%), Acinetobacter spp (3.8% vs 17.5%) and Coagulase negative Staphylococcus (CONS) (12.6% vs 2.7%) respectively. Linens were the most contaminated materials among items studied at the hospital (14.8%). The proportions of resistance among Gram-positive bacteria (GPB) were high for penicillin (92.8%), cefoxitin (83.5%) and erythromycin (54.1%). However, the most effective antibiotics were clindamycin with only 10.4% and 16.5% resistance rates, respectively. The antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) revealed that the most effective antibiotics were amikacin, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin with resistance rate of 25%, 37.5%, and 46.3%, respectively. However, the highest resistance was recorded against ampicillin (97.5%), ceftazidime (91.3%), ceftriaxone (91.3%) and aztreonam (90%). The inanimate surfaces near immediate patient environment and commonly touched medical equipment within OTs and ICUs are reservoirs of potential pathogenic bacteria that could predispose critically ill patients to acquire HCAIs. The proportions of antimicrobial resistance profile of the isolates are much higher from studied clean inanimate environments.

scholarly journals Antibiogram of Escherichia coli Isolated from Avian Colibacillosis in Chitwan District of Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.B. Thapa ◽  
A. Chapagain
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mar Index ◽  
Avian Disease

A cross-sectional study was conducted at National Avian Disease Investigation Laboratory, Chitwan to determine antibiogram of Escherichia coli isolated from avian colibacillosis cases of broilers and layers in Chitwan. One hundred and sixty (95 from broilers and 65 from layers) liver samples were collected aseptically during postmortem. Samples were taken purposively from dead birds showing lesions perihepatitis, pericarditis, air-saculitis, omphalitis and egg peritonitis. Isolation and identification were made by examination of cultural characteristics of E. coli in MacConkey’s agar, Eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar, Gram’s staining and biochemical tests. Antibiogram of identified E. coli isolate was evaluated against six antibiotics of six different groups by disk diffusion method following CLSI guidelines. One hundred and three E. coliisolates (73 from broilers and 30 from layers) were isolated from one hundred and sixty samples. Highest resistance was observed against Ampicillin (100%) followed by Co-trimoxazole (86.40%), Doxycycline (46.60%), Levofloxacin (45.63%), Nitrofurantoin (26.21%) and Amikacin (10.68%). Nearly about all (96.12%) isolates from 103 isolated E. coli isolates showed multidrugs resistance to two or more than two antimicrobials. All multidrug resistance isolates showed 16 different patterns with each isolate being resistance to at least two drugs. The multiple antibiotic resistance indexing ranged from 0.2 to 0.8 and proportion of isolates with MAR index greater than 0.2 was 96.12%. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 8(1): 52-60    

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