INFLUENCE OF ADDITIVES ON SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CARMINIC ACID

2018 ◽  
pp. 224-230
Author(s):  
Violeta Rakić ◽  
Milena Miljković ◽  
Vojkan Miljković ◽  
Nemanja Stančić
Keyword(s):  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Carminic Acid ◽  
Food Dye ◽  
Baked Goods ◽  
Tomato Ketchup ◽  
Spectroscopic Characteristics ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Acid Produce ◽  
Red Dye ◽  
The Impact

Foods must have attractive color, flavor and texture to be acceptable to consumers. Carminic acid (C.I. (1956) 75470; C.I. Natural Red 4; EEC No. E120) is a natural red dye extracted from cochineal, the desiccated bodies of female Dactylopius coccus Costa insects. Carminic acid produce pink shades in candy, confections, chewing gum, concentrated fruit juice, smoked fish, liqueurs and alcoholic cordials, soft drinks, yoghurt, ice cream, tomato ketchup, baked goods, dairy products, jams, jellies, eye shadow, and pill coatings. The impact of the presence of aspartame, citric acid and vitamin C on the spectrophotometric parameters of carminic acid was investigated. These results enabled us to evaluate the possibility of using UV-Vis spectrophotometric method for easily identifying and quantifying carminic acid present in a wide variety of foodstuffs in the presence of additives. It was established that the inves­tigated additives do not affect the position of absorbance maximum of the dye nor cause changes in its intensity. The value of molar absorptivity, ε, at 518 nm was 1265.68 ± 49.90 dm3/mol∙cm. The calculated value is necessary for the quantitative spectrophotometric determination of carminic acid food dye. The FT IR spectra of the dye was also recorded.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF ADDITIVES ON SPECTROSCOPIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CARMINIC ACID

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-339
Author(s):  
Violeta Rakić ◽  
Milena Miljković ◽  
Vojkan Miljković ◽  
Nemanja Stančić
Keyword(s):  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Carminic Acid ◽  
Food Dye ◽  
Baked Goods ◽  
Tomato Ketchup ◽  
Spectroscopic Characteristics ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Acid Produce ◽  
Red Dye ◽  
The Impact

Foods must have attractive color, flavor and texture to be acceptable to consumers. Carminic acid (C.I. (1956) 75470; C.I. Natural Red 4; EEC No. E120) is a natural red dye extracted from cochineal, the desiccated bodies of female Dactylopius coccus Costa insects. Carminic acid produce pink shades in candy, confections, chewing gum, concentrated fruit juice, smoked fish, liqueurs and alcoholic cordials, soft drinks, yoghurt, ice cream, tomato ketchup, baked goods, dairy products, jams, jellies, eye shadow, and pill coatings. The impact of the presence of aspartame, citric acid and vitamin C on the spectrophotometric parameters of carminic acid was investigated. These results enabled us to evaluate the possibility of using UV-Vis spectrophotometric method for easily identifying and quantifying carminic acid present in a wide variety of foodstuffs in the presence of additives. It was established that the investigated additives do not affect the position of absorbance maximum of the dye nor cause changes in its intensity. The value of molar absorptivity, ε, at 518 nm was 1265.68 ± 49.90 dm3/mol∙cm. The calculated value is necessary for the quantitative spectrophotometric determination of carminic acid food dye. The FT IR spectra of the dye was also recorded.

scholarly journals Effect of Biochar Prepared from Food Waste through Different Thermal Treatment Processes on Crop Growth

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 276
Author(s):  
Hang Jia ◽  
Haoxi Ben ◽  
Fengze Wu
Keyword(s):  
Crop Growth ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Synthetic Methods ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Growth Trend ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
The Impact

Biochar is generally accepted and increasingly valued in scientific circles as solid products in the thermochemical conversion of biomass, mainly because of its rich carbon content. The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of biochar from different sources on wheat growth. In particular, this work focused on the effect of different preparation methods and raw material of biochar on the growth of wheat and aim to find a potential soil substitute that can be used for crop cultivation. Two synthetic methods were evaluated: hydrothermal conversion and pyrolysis. The characterization of biochar was determined to explore the impact of its microstructure on wheat growth. The results show that the yield of biochar produced from high-pressure reactor is significantly higher than that obtained by using microwave reactor. For example, the biochar yield obtained through the former is about six times that of the latter when using steamed bread cooked as biomass raw material. In addition, the growth trend of wheat indicates that biochar has different promoting effects on the growth of wheat in its weight and height. The pyrolyzed carbon is more suitable for wheat growth and is even more effective than soil, indicating that pyrolyzed biochar has more potential to be an alternative soil in the future. Moreover, this research tries to explore the reasons that affect crop growth by characterizing biochar (including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), biofilm electrostatic test (BET) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR)). The results indicate that the biochar containing more pits and less hydroxyl functional are more suitable for storing moisture, which is one of the significant factors in the growth of crops. This study provides evidence of the effects of biochar on crop growth, both in terms of microstructure and macroscopic growth trends, which provides significant benefits for biochar to grow crops or plants.

Measurement of foliar spray retention on creeping bentgrass

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 827-832
Author(s):  
Pingyuan Zhang ◽  
Bruce E. Branham
Keyword(s):  
Nonionic Surfactants ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Seed Oils ◽  
Retention Efficiency ◽  
Food Dye ◽  
Spray Volume ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Application Volume ◽  
Foliar Retention

AbstractExperiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of spray volume, nozzle type, adjuvants, the presence of dew, and their interactions on foliar retention of creeping bentgrass. Tartrazine, a common food dye, was used as a tracer in this study. Increasing spray volume from 95 L ha−1 to 1,500 L ha−1 decreased foliar retention efficiency from 98% to approximately 85%. Compared with flat-fan nozzles, air-induction nozzles delivered similar retention efficiency at all spray volumes evaluated. However, flat-fan nozzles provided higher uniformity and more thorough coverage. Adding nonionic surfactants, organosilicone adjuvants, or methylated seed oils at typical concentrations yielded retention efficiency of approximately 90% to 93% regardless of spray volumes. In contrast, with water alone, increasing spray volume reduced retention efficiency from 95.9% to 87.3%. Simulated dew applied at 1,950 L ha−1 increased retention efficiency by approximately 3% when spray application volume was 190 L ha−1, while no difference was observed at 750 L ha−1. The presence of dew reduced the impact of adjuvants on retention efficiency. Large quantities of dew, 3,800 L ha−1, did reduce retention efficiency.

The Impact of Heat Treatment on Pyrophyllite Structure and Acid-Soluble Properties

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 ◽  
pp. 326-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Jun Wu ◽  
Hai Feng Chen ◽  
Shi Jiang Zhao ◽  
Bin Li
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Thermal Activation ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid Concentration ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Heat Activation ◽  
The Impact

This paper studied the influence of heat treatment on the pyrophyllite structure and acid-soluble properties of alumina. Qualitative tests had been performed in studying pyrophyllite crystal at different temperatures by XRD, TG-DTA, FT-IR and quantitative analysis of Al2O3. The quantitative titration method studied the dissolve characteristics of the different heat treatment samples in different acid conditions, and then a numerical simulation was done. The results showed that at temperatures below 480 °C, the pyrophyllite did not change the basic structure. 480~700 °C dehydroxylation reaction occurred, and the structure water of pyrophyllite is removed, and then turned into partial pyrophyllite. Dissolution experiments showed that after thermal activation the behavior of alumina in acid the dissolution was different, which was affected by hydrochloric acid concentration, heat activation temperature and acid leaching time. When the calcinations temperature was 700 °C, the dissolution amount of alumina was largest. These works could provide some theoretical basis for further application of pyrophyllite research.

scholarly journals Multivariate analytical methods for simultaneous estimation of Atenolol and Hydrochlorothiazide in bulk and tablet dosage form

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-208
Author(s):  
Sreenivasa Charan Archakam ◽  
Keerthisikha Palur ◽  
Praveen Kumar Arava
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Matrix Method ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Simultaneous Estimation ◽  
Linear Regression Method ◽  
Spectrophotometric Methods ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Tablet Dosage

The present study aimed to develop simple, accurate and precise FTIR and UV spectrophotometric methods for the quantification of Atenolol and Hydrochlorothiazide in bulk and tablet dosage forms. FT-IR method like classical least squares (CLS) was developed within the range of 2366.69-3433.44; 1564.40-1673.30 cm- UV methods like Cramer’s matrix method (method-I) and linear regression analysis (Method II) were developed and they are based upon constructing the matrix set by using molar absorptivity values at 275.60 nm and 270.40 nm. The assay values for FTIR- CLS method were 102% and 108 % for Atenololand Hydrochlorothiazide respectively. Cramer’s matrix method results were found to be 95.15% and 104% for Atenolol and Hydrochlorothiazide respectively and for linear regression method they were found to be 98.50% and 106% (w/w).

Synthesis of Macromolecular Coupling Agent and its Effects on Polystyrene Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 1053 ◽  
pp. 268-275
Author(s):  
Hong Wen Zhang ◽  
Shi Long Zhou ◽  
Yang Zhang ◽  
Yan Jiang ◽  
Qiang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Ultraviolet Spectrum ◽  
Butyl Methacrylate ◽  
Coupling Agents ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Comprehensive Performance ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
The Impact

Different molecular weight of block coupling agents with well-defined structures have been synthesized successfully by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) from styrene (St), butyl methacrylate (BMA) and 3-methoxyacryloyl-propyltrimethoxyl silicon (KH-570) are as monomer. The structures and compositions of macromolecular coupling agents have been characterized by means of infrared spectrum (FT-IR), ultraviolet spectrum (UV), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). And their effects on the polystyrene/silica (PS/SiO2) composite materials have been studied. The results show that interface compatibility and mechanical properties of composite materials containing macromolecule coupling agents are improved significantly. The composite materials with block macromolecular coupling agents possess more excellent comprehensive performance. Furthermore, the impact strength increased by 110% when comparing with composite materials which are not modified by the coupling agents.

Synthethic pathways to multiple surface functionalization of polyhedral boranes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Teng-Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Quantum Yields ◽  
Direct Reaction ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Fluorescence Excitation ◽  
University Of Missouri ◽  
Product Ions ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
The University

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT REQUEST OF AUTHOR.] The chemistry of dodecahydro--closo--dodecaborate(2-), closo-[B12H12]2-, and decahydro-closo-decaborate(2-), [B10H10]2-, with different organic substituents was investigated in this research. The previously reported sequential synthesis of closo-[B12H12]2- hydroxyl derivatives were irreproducible. Through close monitoring of time and temperature mono-, di-, and tri- substituted hydroxyl, [B12H12-y(OH)y]2-, was synthesized in a controlled manner at 0.5 g, 5 g, and 10 g scales with significantly improved yields, >86%, 68%, >95%, respectively. Each of the hydroxylated species were exhaustively chlorinated in yields exceeding 95%. Oxidizing the perchlorinated hydroxylated products to the neutral species allows for their solubility in organic solvents, thus, open to easier manipulation in various organic settings and more accessible to perform organic chemistry. The more organic behavior of the cage allows us to synthesize hydroxyl derivatives. closo-[B12H10(SH)2]2- was synthesized from reduction of the inner-sulfonium salt of closo-[B12H10(SMe2)2] to make a suitable candidate for single molecular electronic conductors. An alternative synthetic route was proposed using ethylenediamine and n-propylamine as a great substitute for methylamine in the reaction for the formation of dithiol derivative from 1. A yield of 70% - 75% of the bis-(1,12-thiol)-closo-dodecaborate(2-) and 75% - 83% of bis-(1,7-thiol)-closo-dodecaborate(2-) was reported using this method. Recently, we reported a new class of organic-inorganic hybrid nanomolecular ions designated as polyarylboranes. These polyarylboranes are synthesized from the direct reaction between closo-[B12H12]2-or closo-[B10H10]2- and various aromatic hydrocarbons. The highly fluorescent characteristics of the product ions in solution results in high fluorescent quantum yields (0.3 to 0.6), high molar absorptivity, and large Stokes shifts (>200 nm). All of the newly synthesized compounds have been characterized by FT-IR, multi-nuclei NMR, and high-resolution mass spectrometry. In addition, the absorption, fluorescence excitation and emission properties for many of these materials have been measured.

scholarly journals Some Novel Manganese(III) Mixed Ligand Complexes and its Decolourization Studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 2867-2871
Author(s):  
Deepika Jaiswal ◽  
Sudha Yadava
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Mixed Ligand ◽  
Mixed Ligand Complexes ◽  
Distorted Octahedral Geometry ◽  
Ligand Field ◽  
Distorted Octahedral ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ethylenediamine Ligand ◽  
Red Dye ◽  
Ligand Field Parameters

Some novel mixed ligand complexes of Mn(III) with glycine ligand namely [Mn(gly)2 Cl(en)], [Mn(gly)2 Br(en)], [Mn(gly)2 N3 (en)] and [Mn(gly)2 NCS(en)] have been synthesized starting from Mn(gly)2 Cl, Mn(gly)2 Br, Mn(gly)2N3 and Mn(gly)2 NCS respectively. These newly synthesized complexes have been characterized by UV/Vis, FT-IR and Mass spectrometry. The spectroscopic data suggest distorted octahedral geometry for all these mixed ligand complexes. The λmax values of these complexes for 5T2g → 5Eg transitions are 482 nm for [Mn(gly)2N3(en)], 488 for [Mn(gly)2NCS(en)], 486 for [Mn(gly)2 Br(en)] and 484 for [Mn(gly)2Cl(en)], all these transitions are red shifted in comparison to their parent complexes. The ligand field parameters such as 10 Dq, B and β have also been calculated and suggest covalent metal ligand bonding. One peculiar finding is that the FT-IR spectra shows frequencies for both free and coordinated NH2 group in all complexes indicating that the ethylenediamine ligand present here is non bridging in nature. The mass spectrometry results show molecular ion peaks at m/z 300, 345, 307 and 323 for [Mn(gly)2Cl(en)], [Mn(gly)2Br(en)], [Mn(gly)2N3(en)] and [Mn(gly)2NCS(en)] respectively. The coordination of ethylenediamine to Mn(III) enhances its efficiency towards decolourization methyl red dye.

scholarly journals FT-IR spectroscopic characteristics of differently cultivated Escherichia coli

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 458-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Filip ◽  
S. Hermann ◽  
K. Demnerová
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Ir Spectra ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Spectroscopic Characteristics ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Well Differentiated ◽  
Ir Spectroscopic

FT-IR spectra were recorded of <i>Escherichia coli</i> cell mass with the aim of obtaining spectral traits possibly useful in a rapid detection and characterisation of this indicator bacterium. A well differentiated spectrum was obtained from the cell mass harvested in a stationary phase of growth, e.g., after 24 h, from a minimum nutrient broth. The cell mass, harvested either earlier or grown in nutrient solutions which contained an enhanced carbon or nitrogen concentrations delivered somewhat different IR spectra, apparently due to a higher content of nucleic acid components as related to other structural constituents of bacterial cells. Consequently, the FT-IR spectra of <i>E. coli</i>, although rather rapidly to collect, seem only capable of delivering useful and reproducible information if the cell mass is obtained under standardised cultural conditions.

scholarly journals Spectrophotometric Determination of Trace Concentrations of Copper in Waters Using the Chromogenic Reagent 4-Amino-3-Mercapto-6-[2-(2-Thienyl)Vinyl]-1,2,4-Triazin-5(4H)-One: Synthesis, Characterization, and Analytical Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salman. S. Alharthi ◽  
Hamed. M. Al-Saidi
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Copper Concentration ◽  
Certified Reference Materials ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Molar Absorptivity ◽  
Icp Oes ◽  
Chromogenic Reagent ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Trace Concentrations

A simple, selective, and inexpensive spectrophotometric method is described in the present study for estimation of trace concentrations of Cu2+ in water based on its reaction with chromogenic reagent namely 4-amino-3-mercapto-6-[2-(2-thienyl)vinyl]-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one (AMT). The reaction between copper(II) ions and AMT reagent gives [Cu(L)(NO3)(H2O)2]•H2O complex, where L represents AMT molecule with NH group. The formed complex exhibits a sharp, and well-defined peak at λmax = 434 nm with a molar absorptivity (ε) of 1.90 × 104 L mol−1 cm−1, and Sandell’s factor of 0.003 μg mL−2. Absorbance of the [Cu(L)(NO3)(H2O)2]•H2O follows Beer’s law over a 0.7–25 μg mL−1 range with a detection limit of 0.011 μg mL−1. Validation of the submitted method was established by estimating Cu2+ in certified reference materials and actual sea and tap water samples. The results are compared with data obtained from copper concentration measurements using ICP-OES. The chemical structure of the Cu(II)-AMT complex was fully characterized by FT-IR, SEM, EDX, TGA, and ESR techniques.

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