The New Texas U-Beam Bridges: An Aesthetic and Economical Design Solution

PCI Journal ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 20-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Lou Ralls ◽  
Luis Ybanez ◽  
John J. Panak
Keyword(s):  
Design Solution ◽  
Economical Design

Аэрациядлябиологическойочисткисточныхвод:актуализациязарубежныхтерминовиаббревиатур

2019 ◽  
pp. 46-56
Author(s):  
V. Bazhenov ◽  
A. Ustiuzhanin ◽  
E. Koroleva
Keyword(s):  
Biological Process ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Air Flow Rate ◽  
Economical Design ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Oxidation Of Organic Compounds ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
The Difference

Представлен анализ отечественных и зарубежных методик расчета аэротенков и руководств по их проектированию. Анализ современных подходов к расчету очистных сооружений свидетельствует о том, что расчетный расход воздуха определяют в соответствии с потребностью биологического процесса в кислороде на окисление органических соединений, нитрификацию и денитрификацию. Адаптированы международные термины и аббревиатуры к российским аналогам во взаимосвязи с теорией массопереноса кислорода, а также зарубежные руководства по проектированию сооружений для аэрации сточных вод. Поясняется различие между натурными (измеряемыми экспериментально) и расчетными (определяемыми для проекта) параметрами OUR и AOR, SOTR и SOR. Балансовое равенство между OTR и AOR является оптимальным и экономичным проектным решением. Отмечено, что использование актуализированных международных терминов и аббревиатур в тендерных и конкурсных процедурах (при проектировании и поставке) упростит их проведение и обеспечит взаимопонимание сторон. Потребность в регулировании подачи воздуха в аэротенки обоснована балансом кислорода потребление растворение . В динамических условиях для регулируемых систем OTR OUR. При автоматизированном поддержании заданной уставки по концентрации растворенного кислорода это условие приводит к экономии потребляемой электроэнергии.The study of domestic and foreign methods for aeration tanks evaluation and their guidelines is presented. The analysis of modern approaches to the calculation of treatment facilities indicates that the calculated air flow rate is determined in accordance with the oxygen demand of the biological process for the oxidation of organic compounds, nitrification and denitrification. International terms and abbreviations have been adapted to Russian analogues taken in conjunction with the theory of oxygen mass transfer, as well as the international guidelines for the design of wastewater treatment facilities. The difference between the field (experimentally measured) and calculated (determined for the design) parameters OUR and AOR, SOTR and SOR is explained. Balance equality between OTR and AOR is an optimal and economical design solution. It is noted that the use of updated international terms and abbreviations in tender and competitive procedures (during design and delivery) will simplify their implementation and ensure mutual understanding between the parties. The need for regulation of the air supply to aeration tanks is justified by the balance of oxygen consumption transfer . In dynamic conditions for regulated systems OTR OUR. With the automated maintenance of the set point for the concentration of dissolved oxygen this condition provides for the savings in energy consumption.

scholarly journals Space Charge Effects in Noble-Liquid Calorimeters and Time Projection Chambers

Instruments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Sandro Palestini
Keyword(s):  
Space Charge ◽  
Scaling Laws ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Space Charge Effects ◽  
Charge Effects ◽  
Time Projection Chambers ◽  
Drift Length ◽  
Calibration Methods ◽  
Time Projection

The subject of space charge in ionization detectors is reviewed, showing how the observations and the formalism used to describe the effects have evolved, starting with applications to calorimeters and reaching recent, large time-projection chambers. General scaling laws, and different ways to present and model the effects are presented. The relations between space-charge effects and the boundary conditions imposed on the side faces of the detector are discussed, together with a design solution that mitigates some of the effects. The implications of the relative size of drift length and transverse detector size are illustrated. Calibration methods are briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Mechatronic Design of a Robot for Upper Limb Rehabilitation at Home

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 857-871
Author(s):  
Elio Matteo Curcio ◽  
Giuseppe Carbone
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Upper Limb Rehabilitation ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Significant Cost Reduction ◽  
Dynamics Models ◽  
Limb Rehabilitation ◽  
At Home

AbstractThis paper addresses the design of a novel bionic robotic device for upper limb rehabilitation tasks at home. The main goal of the design process has been to obtain a rehabilitation device, which can be easily portable and can be managed remotely by a professional therapist. This allows to treat people also in regions that are not easily reachable with a significant cost reduction. Other potential benefits can be envisaged, for instance, in the possibility to keep social distancing while allowing rehabilitation treatments even during a pandemic spread. Specific attention has been devoted to design the main mechatronic components by developing specific kinematics and dynamics models. The design process includes the implementation of a specific control hardware and software. Preliminary experimental tests are reported to show the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed design solution.

scholarly journals Multi-Criteria Analysis for the Selection of the Optimal Mining Design Solution—A Case Study on Quarry “Tambura”

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 3200
Author(s):  
Branimir Farkaš ◽  
Ana Hrastov
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Multiple Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Mine Design ◽  
Promethee Ii ◽  
Mining Design ◽  
Quarry Mine ◽  
Selection Of

Mining design is usually evaluated with different multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods when it comes to large open pit or underground ore mines, but it is not used on quarry sites. Since Croatia is mostly mining stone, the implementation of such methods in decision making of the quarry mine design is imperative but left out. In this paper, the PROMETHEE II and AHP decision-making methods are implemented on the quarry site to find out the best final quarry design contour. By implementing the MCDM methods, the best quarry model was chosen based on 22 different criteria parameters out of three final quarry designs. The chosen model is not only financially sound but also has the least environmental impact.

scholarly journals From Evidence to Design Solution—On How to Handle Evidence in the Design Process of Sustainable, Accessible and Health-Promoting Landscapes

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3249
Author(s):  
Marie C. Gramkow ◽  
Ulrik Sidenius ◽  
Gaochao Zhang ◽  
Ulrika K. Stigsdotter
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Design Program ◽  
Evidence Collection ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Programming Step

The work of landscape architects can contribute to the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals and the associated ‘Leave no one behind’ agenda by creating accessible and health-promoting green spaces (especially goals 3, 10 and 11). To ensure that the design of green space delivers accessibility and intended health outcomes, an evidence-based design process is recommended. This is a challenge, since many landscape architects are not trained in evidence-based design, and leading scholars have called for methods that can help landscape architects work in an evidence-based manner. This paper examines the implementation of a process model for evidence-based health design in landscape architecture. The model comprises four steps: ‘evidence collection’, ‘programming’, ‘designing’, and ‘evaluation’. The paper aims to demonstrate how the programming step can be implemented in the design of a health-promoting nature trail that is to offer people with mobility disabilities improved mental, physical and social health. We demonstrate how the programming step systematizes evidence into design criteria (evidence-based goals) and design solutions (how the design criteria are to be solved in the design). The results of the study are presented as a design ‘Program’, which we hope can serve as an example for landscape architects of how evidence can be translated into design.

scholarly journals Impact of Window to Wall Ratio on Energy Loads in Hot Regions: A Study of Building Energy Performance

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1080
Author(s):  
Mamdooh Alwetaishi ◽  
Omrane Benjeddou
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Building Energy Efficiency ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Heating And Cooling

The concern regarding local responsive building design has gained more attention globally as of late. This is due to the issue of the rapid increase in energy consumption in buildings for the purpose of heating and cooling. This has become a crucial issue in educational buildings and especially in schools. The major issue in school buildings in Saudi Arabia is that they are a form of prototype school building design (PSBD). As a result, if there is any concern in the design stage and in relation to the selection of building materials, this will spread throughout the region. In addition to that, the design is repeated regardless of the climate variation within the kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This research will focus on the influence of the window to wall ratio on the energy load in various orientations and different climatic regions. The research will use the energy computer tool TAS Environmental Design Solution Limited (EDSL) to calculate the energy load as well as solar gain. During the visit to the sample schools, a globe thermometer will be used to monitor the globe temperature in the classrooms. This research introduces a framework to assist architects and engineers in selecting the proper window to wall ratio (WWR) in each direction within the same building based on adequate natural light with a minimum reliance on energy load. For ultimate WWR for energy performance and daylight, the WWR should range from 20% to 30%, depending on orientation, in order to provide the optimal daylight factor combined with building energy efficiency. This ratio can be slightly greater in higher altitude locations.

scholarly journals Machine learning and a computational fluid dynamic approach to estimate phase composition of chemical vapor deposition boron carbide

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-550
Author(s):  
Qingfeng Zeng ◽  
Yong Gao ◽  
Kang Guan ◽  
Jiantao Liu ◽  
Zhiqiang Feng
Keyword(s):  
Phase Composition ◽  
Chemical Vapor Deposition ◽  
Boron Carbide ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Vapor Deposition ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Sensitivity Coefficient ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Novel Approach

AbstractChemical vapor deposition is an important method for the preparation of boron carbide. Knowledge of the correlation between the phase composition of the deposit and the deposition conditions (temperature, inlet gas composition, total pressure, reactor configuration, and total flow rate) has not been completely determined. In this work, a novel approach to identify the kinetic mechanisms for the deposit composition is presented. Machine leaning (ML) and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) techniques are utilized to identify core factors that influence the deposit composition. It has been shown that ML, combined with CFD, can reduce the prediction error from about 25% to 7%, compared with the ML approach alone. The sensitivity coefficient study shows that BHCl2 and BCl3 produce the most boron atoms, while C2H4 and CH4 are the main sources of carbon atoms. The new approach can accurately predict the deposited boron–carbon ratio and provide a new design solution for other multi-element systems.

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