Characteristics of diluted-stored and post-thawed semen of Hutsul stallions

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Sperm Bank ◽  
Resource Protection ◽  
Frozen Semen ◽  
Genetic Reserve ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Risk Of Disease

Abstract The use of frozen semen lowers the risk of disease transmission, eliminates geographical limitations and supports the implementation of genetic resource protection programs. However, due to the very rare use of frozen semen from Hutsul stallions, their genetic material is not secured in sperm banks, and very little information is available about their semen, including its suitability for cryopreservation, and sperm survival rates after thawing. The aim of this study was to analyse basic parameters such as sperm motility, vitality and morphology in diluted-stored and post-thawed Hutsul semen, using a CASA system. There were no differences in sperm motility (P = 0.3372) or morphology between the groups, although the progressive motility was higher in thawed semen (P = 0.0151), while the sperm vitality was higher in diluted-stored semen (P = 0.00517). This study demonstrates that semen from Hutsul horses is suitable for cryopreservation, thus supporting the creation of a sperm bank as a genetic reserve for representatives of this breed.

scholarly journals Organ Donor Risk Stratification in Italy

2020 ◽  
pp. 319-323
Author(s):  
Adriano Peris ◽  
Jessica Bronzoni ◽  
Sonia Meli ◽  
Juri Ducci ◽  
Erjon Rreka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transplant Recipient ◽  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Potential Benefit ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Organ Donor ◽  
No Donor ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Standard Risk

AbstractThe permanent gap between organ demand and supply has prompted use of organs from extended criteria donors (ECD). These carry a higher risk of disease transmission, with regard to infections and malignancies. We present herein the donor risk stratification algorithm implemented in Italy since 2004 for identification management of donor-to-recipient risk of disease transmission. The principles underlying this algorithm are: (1) the risk of disease transmission must be assessed against the potential benefit for the transplant recipient (i.e., no donor can be excluded from evaluation and their organs might benefit potential candidates); (2) patients awaiting organ transplantation must be informed that the risk of disease transmission is small but finite (standard risk); and (3) risk evaluation is an ongoing process based on information collected longitudinally after transplantation. Regional and national transplant authorities are committed to regular updating of guidelines based on clinical data derived from clinicians and on evaluation of posttransplant graft and patient survival rates.

scholarly journals Livestock movement informs the risk of disease spread in traditional production systems in East Africa

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Divine Ekwem ◽  
Thomas A. Morrison ◽  
Richard Reeve ◽  
Jessica Enright ◽  
Joram Buza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Transmission Potential ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Transmission Distance ◽  
Risk Of Disease

AbstractIn Africa, livestock are important to local and national economies, but their productivity is constrained by infectious diseases. Comprehensive information on livestock movements and contacts is required to devise appropriate disease control strategies; yet, understanding contact risk in systems where herds mix extensively, and where different pathogens can be transmitted at different spatial and temporal scales, remains a major challenge. We deployed Global Positioning System collars on cattle in 52 herds in a traditional agropastoral system in western Serengeti, Tanzania, to understand fine-scale movements and between-herd contacts, and to identify locations of greatest interaction between herds. We examined contact across spatiotemporal scales relevant to different disease transmission scenarios. Daily cattle movements increased with herd size and rainfall. Generally, contact between herds was greatest away from households, during periods with low rainfall and in locations close to dipping points. We demonstrate how movements and contacts affect the risk of disease spread. For example, transmission risk is relatively sensitive to the survival time of different pathogens in the environment, and less sensitive to transmission distance, at least over the range of the spatiotemporal definitions of contacts that we explored. We identify times and locations of greatest disease transmission potential and that could be targeted through tailored control strategies.

scholarly journals And When I Die: Theory of Planned Behavior as Applied to Sperm Cryopreservation

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 554
Author(s):  
Limor Dina Gonen
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Well Being ◽  
State Funding ◽  
Predictor Variables ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Sperm Cryopreservation ◽  
Sperm Bank ◽  
Frozen Semen

The present study investigates fertility intentions of men, aged 18–59, as expressed in willingness to cryopreserve sperm for future use in procreation. An economic stated-preference framework is combined with the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to investigate which attributes are important in the decision to cryopreserve sperm, what is the Willingness to Pay (WTP) for cryopreservation, and which attributes influence it. A structured, two-part questionnaire was used, based on WTP and Conjoint analysis (CA) applied in tandem to elicit respondents’ preferences in evaluating utility. Findings show which attributes are important in the decision to cryopreserve sperm among them Risk of Infertility, Personal monthly income, Chance of pregnancy from frozen semen, Age and what are significant predictor variables for the WTP which are Personal monthly income, Importance of the risk of infertility, Initial registration fee to sperm bank and cryopreservation, and Degree of religious observance. The findings further demonstrate that respondents value sperm cryopreservation and have a positive WTP for it as it seems to contribute to improving well-being. As a result of these findings, governments should consider state funding for cryopreservation as part of national health policy.

scholarly journals Telemedicine: A Paradigm Shift in Healthcare in the wake of COVID-19 in India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ria Saha ◽  
Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Regulatory Guidelines ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
The Government ◽  
Institutional Challenges

The COVID-19 pandemic has severely affected the delivery of essential healthcare services in India. The massive disruption of the routine healthcare services had been circumvented to a certain extent with the application of telemedicine. In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, the Government of India has issued regulatory guidelines and approved Registered Medical Practitioners (RMP) to adopt the usage of teleconsultation service which can be real-time or asynchronous to minimise the risk of disease transmission. The commentary provides an in-depth review of the regulatory guidelines implemented by the Government of India and discusses the inherent structural and fundamental challenges associated with its wide scale adoption, accessibility, and utilisation. Though the Government of India had issued national guidelines to promote safe and effective usage of telemedicine practice, there remains certain primary structural, technical and institutional challenges regarding expansion of uninterrupted services to periurban and rural peripheral health facilities and its nationwide sustainability. The article demands the attention of the policymakers and relevant stakeholders to identify the inherent bottlenecks intrinsic to the guidelines and amend the regulatory framework accordingly to ensure its long-term sustainability.

scholarly journals Sperm motility assessment of epididymal sperm from post mortem goat testicles held at 5°C

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Angelica C. Bumanlag ◽  
Hannah Lei M. Harada ◽  
Cynthia C. Divina ◽  
Marlon B. Ocampo ◽  
Lerma C. Ocampo
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Epididymal Sperm ◽  
Yield Quality ◽  
Slow Moving

Appropriate holding conditions for post mortem testicles of goat to yield quality epididymal sperm (ES) as a source of genetic material for cryobanking and fertilization studies are lacking. In this study, the effect of storage time on the motility of ES from post mortem testicles maintained at 5°C was evaluated. In the laboratory, the cauda epididymides were excised from the testicles after 4 hr (G-1) and 24 hr (G-2) of holding time before collecting the sperm in a Tris-citrate buffered solution and evaluated using a CASA. Sperm motility profiling revealed a subpopulation of static, slow, motile and progressive ES. The proportion of static sperm in the control (16.97±6.21) and G-1 (21.53±5.60) were lower significantly than G-2 (36.13±5.05). The proportion of slow moving sperm was lower significantly than G-1 (23.31±3.57) and G-2 (25.45±3.32). The proportion of motile and progressive motile sperm decreases significantly (P<0.05) as the holding time increases at 78.46±4.64% (G-1) to 63.85±4.06 (G-2) and 45.53±8.89 (G-1) to 25.46±8.42 (G-2), respectively. The results showed that prolonged storage of post mortem testicles at 5°C could result to a reduced percentage of motile and progressively motile ES. Nevertheless, this considerable proportion of ES remained useful both for cryobanking and fertilization studies.

scholarly journals Pembinaan dan Pendampingan Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Hidayatul Insan Kota Palangkaraya

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Nurhalina Nurhalina ◽  
Suratno Suratno ◽  
Jarot Marchel
Keyword(s):  
Student Achievement ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Healthy Behavior ◽  
Behavior Development ◽  
Risk Of Disease

Household Health Survey on 2013 shows that 60% children�s disease in Palangka Raya continue to increase especially related to clean and healthy behavior. Islamic Primary School (MI) Hidayatul Insan Palangka Raya is one of primary education institution in Palangka Raya at risk of disease transmission. It is because the school has not implement clean and healthy behavior in the school environtment optimally. Clean and healthy behavior development and accompaniment in MI Hidayatul Insan Palangka Raya aimed to provide assistance to the school in planning clean and healthy behavior policy, supporting infrastructure preparation, education, observation and evaluation of clean and healthy behavior implementation. The method of the communty service involved preparation, implementation and evaluation. The output of the community service were the school has implemented clean and healthy behavior; clean and healthy school environtment; increasing student achievement; and increasing public interest to send their children to the school.

scholarly journals Livestock Movement Informs the Risk of Disease Spread in Traditional Production Systems in East Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divine Ekwem ◽  
Thomas A. Morrison ◽  
Richard Reeve ◽  
Jessica Enright ◽  
Joram Buza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Transmission Potential ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Scales ◽  
Transmission Distance ◽  
Cattle Movements ◽  
Risk Of Disease

Abstract In Africa, livestock are important to local and national economies, but their productivity is constrained by infectious diseases. Comprehensive information on livestock movements and contacts is required to devise appropriate disease control strategies; yet, understanding contact risk in systems where herds mix extensively, and where different pathogens can be transmitted at different spatial and temporal scales, remains a major challenge. We deployed Global Positioning System collars on cattle in 52 herds in a traditional agropastoral system in western Serengeti, Tanzania, to understand fine-scale movements and between-herd contacts, and to identify locations of greatest interaction between herds. We examined contact across spatiotemporal scales relevant to different disease transmission scenarios. Daily cattle movements increased with herd size and rainfall. Generally, contact was greatest away from households, during periods with low rainfall and in locations close to dipping points. We demonstrate how movements and contacts affect the risk of disease spread. For example, contact rate was relatively sensitive to the survival time of different pathogens in the environment, and less sensitive to transmission distance, at least over the range of values that we explored. We identify times and locations of greatest disease transmission potential and that could be targeted through tailored control strategies.

scholarly journals Evaluating the ability of semen cryopreservation of Blance Blue Belge bull cattle in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-244
Author(s):  
Nguyen Huu Duc ◽  
Pham Thu Giang ◽  
Tran Thi Binh Nguyen ◽  
Nguyen Thi Mai ◽  
Bui Dai Phong
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Sperm Concentration ◽  
Joint Stock Company ◽  
Stock Company ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Semen Cryopreservation ◽  
Semen Collection ◽  
Frozen Semen ◽  
Semen Volume ◽  
Fresh Semen

The objective of this study was to determine the semen cryopreservation capacity of BBB bulls in Hanoi-Vietnam. Research conducted on the fresh semen collected from 05 BBB bulls. Results showed that semen color was normal (milky white, ivory white, ivory yellow), semen volume ranged from 6.35 mL to 7.48 mL (P <0.05), initial motility of semen ranged from 80.53% to 82.92% (P <0.05), sperm concentration in semen  ranged from 1.02 x 109 sperms/ml to 1.12 x 109 sperms/mL (P <0.05), abnormal sperm ratio ranged from 6.45% to 8.12% (P <0.05), alive sperm ratio ranged from 76.34% to 82.97% (P <0.05), sperm motility after thawing from straw semen ranged from 71.33% to 75.92% (P<0.05). In conclusion, successfully semen collection from 05 breeding BBB bulls at Hanoi Cattle Breeding Joint Stock Company, semen samples had normal color and good quantity and quality, suitable for production of frozen semen; and semen cryopreservation of straws of the 05 bull BBB semen mentioned at -196oC, sperm motility after freezing-thawing reached the economic and technical norms of 675/2014 of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development.

scholarly journals Assessment of fomites and infection risk to seniors in recreational curling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elliot Spicer ◽  
BCIT School of Health Sciences, Environmental Health ◽  
Helen Heacock
Keyword(s):  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Sampling Error ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Enteric Disease ◽  
Health Promotion And Education ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Risk Of Disease

Background: Seniors participate in sports to improve physical, mental, and social health; however, such activities may increase the risk of illness and injury. Curling is popular in this age group because it is physically manageable, strategic, and provides social connection. Certain factors in curling such as handshaking, play during the flu season, and shared contact with curling stones suggest an increased risk of disease transmission. The purpose of this study was to determine the qualitative risk of communicable enteric disease transmission due to shared contact with curling stone handles in a senior men’s curling league. Methods: 3M™ Quick Swabs were used to sample 22 curling stone handles for total coliforms before a senior’s league game. To analyze microbial shedding during gameplay, the same 22 handles were sampled after the game. Samples were plated on 3M™ Petrifilm™ Coliform Count Plates and incubated at 30ºC ± 1ºC for 24 hours ± 2 hours. Colonies were enumerated in units of CFU (colony forming units)/cm2. Ambient and handle surface temperatures were measured, and curler hygiene-related behaviours documented. Results: Total coliform counts for all samples were 0 CFU/cm2. The ambient temperature was 6.6°C pre-game, and 8.0°C post-game. Mean handle surface temperature was 3.6°C. Hygiene behaviours of concern were hand-face contact, handkerchief/tissue use, and handshaking. Conclusion: There is low risk of enteric disease transmission due to shared contact with curling stone handles by male curlers 55 years and older. Absence of coliforms may have been due to adequate player hygiene, transference of microbial load before sampling, error, or environmental conditions. Health promotion and education can reduce the infection risk elevated by poor hand hygiene, face contact, and handshaking in senior’s curling, thereby protecting the health and welfare of all participants.

How to Assess Risk of Disease Transmission to Patients When There Is a Failure to Follow Recommended Disinfection and Sterilization Guidelines

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Rutala ◽  
David J. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Risk Assessment Model ◽  
The Public ◽  
Potential Adverse Event ◽  
Risk Of Disease ◽  
Critical Components ◽  
High Level

Background.Disinfection and sterilization are critical components of infection control. Unfortunately, breaches of disinfection and sterilization guidelines are not uncommon.Objective.To describe a method for evaluating a potential breach of guidelines for high-level disinfection and sterilization of medical devices.Methods.The appropriate scientific literature was reviewed to determine the frequency of failures of compliance. A risk assessment model was constructed.Results.A 14-step protocol was constructed to aid infection control professionals in the evaluation of potential disinfection and sterilization failures. In addition, a model is presented for aiding in determining how patients should be notified of the potential adverse event. Sample statements and letters are provided for communicating with the public and individual patients.Conclusion.Use of a protocol can guide an institution in managing potential disinfection and sterilization failures.

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