scholarly journals Characterisation and effects of a xylanase enzyme preparation extracted from Thermomyces lanuginosus cultures

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kutasi ◽  
Á. Bata ◽  
E. Brydl ◽  
P. Rafai ◽  
V. Jurkovich
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Xylanase Activity ◽  
Thermomyces Lanuginosus ◽  
Xylanase Enzyme ◽  
Oat Straw ◽  
Lignocellulolytic Activity

This paper describes the production of an enzyme preparation from the fungus Thermomyces lanuginosus. Thermal resistance, pH stability and lignocellulolytic activity of the enzyme preparation high in xylanase were studied on a variety of grains and forages. The enzyme preparation preserved more than 70% of its original xylanase activity for 4 and 1 h at 60 and 70 °C, respectively. The xylanase activity remained over 80% when the preparation was incubated for 30 min at pH 4.5. In vitro digestibility studies indicated that the enzyme digested 7.5, 8.5 and 8.0% of the dry matter (DM) of barley meal, wheat bran and oat meal samples, respectively. When applying 60-min incubation, 7.5, 7.3 and 8.4% of DM of the oat straw, alfalfa hay and triticale straw was digested, respectively. When the time of digestion was increased to 360 min, the sunflower hull showed 15.8% DM digestibility.

Rumen fermentation response to a direct-fed xylanase enzyme preparation from Thermomyces lanuginosus in sheep

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Jurkovich ◽  
J. Kutasi ◽  
Hedvig Fébel ◽  
J. Reiczigel ◽  
E. Brydl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Xylanase Activity ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Thermomyces Lanuginosus ◽  
Ruminal Fluid ◽  
Xylanase Enzyme ◽  
Fermentation Parameters

A study was conducted to obtain data on the effects of a fungal fibrolytic enzyme preparation (Rumino-zyme, with 250 FXU/g xylanase activities) from Thermomyces lanuginosus on some rumen fermentation parameters in sheep. Ruminal fluid samples were taken just before the morning feeding and then 2 h and 4 h after feeding. Xylanase activity, pH, concentration of ammonia and volatile fatty acids were measured. The enzyme supplementation did not affect the pH but increased the xylanase activity and the total VFA concentration of the rumen fluid. The molar proportion of acetate increased, propionate was not affected and butyrate decreased after enzyme administration. The concentration of ammonia also decreased after supplementation with the enzyme product. It can be concluded that the xylanase enzyme preparation from T. lanuginosus induced favourable changes in the major rumen fermentation parameters in sheep.

scholarly journals Fermentative Quality and Animal Acceptability of Ensiled Persimmon Skin with Absorbents for Practical Use in Ruminant Feed

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 612
Author(s):  
Shimaa Abdelazeem ◽  
Ken-ichi Takeda ◽  
Kazuhiro Kurosu ◽  
Yutaka Uyeno
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
Ruminant Feed

Persimmon skin (PS), while representing an attractive feed source, requires an appropriate preservation procedure to increase its shelf life. We assessed the fermentation quality, in vitro ruminal incubation, and intake of persimmon skin silage ensiled with different dry absorbents. We prepared the silage on a table scale (Experiment 1) and evaluated five different mixtures: PS without an additive, PS plus Lactobacillus buchneri inoculum (LB), and PS plus LB plus each of the absorbents kraft pulp, wheat bran, or beet pulp. We opened the laboratory bags, kept at 25 °C, at 0, 14, 28, and 60 days for fermentation quality and chemical analysis (n = 3 for each measurement). Further, with an in vitro rumen simulated cultivation study (Experiment 2), we evaluated the fermentation pattern of PS with a mixture of two absorbents (kraft pulp and wheat bran) either raw (no fermentation) or ensiled (n = 4 for each treatment). Finally, we conducted an in vivo experiment using six dry ewes assigned based on their body weight to two experimental groups in a crossover design of two periods (Experiment 3). We fed a control group a 100% basal diet (tall fescue hay and concentrate mixture) and ensiled PS (PSS) group, a 20% dry matter substitution of tall fescue with PS silage mixed with kraft pulp as the sole absorbent. The results of Experiment 1 show, regardless of the absorbents used, the effluent volume of the lab bags was lower in absorbent-treated groups (p < 0.001). In Experiment 2, the condition of the PS with absorbents (raw or ensiled) did not affect the total gas production (p > 0.05), but we observed an increased propionate proportion in PSS with absorbents compared to basal diet (p = 0.019). The proportion of methane to the total gas in PSS group was considerably reduced compared with that in the other groups (p < 0.001). As we did this incubation study with a single run, a more detailed evaluation in the future would verify these observations. In the animal trial (Experiment 3), dry matter intake was similar between groups (p > 0.05), but ewes spent a shorter time eating in the PSS-fed group (p = 0.011). Here we present the practical use of PSS as part of ruminant feed in which dry absorbents prevented dry matter loss.

scholarly journals Characterization of a NewProvidenciasp. Strain X1 Producing Multiple Xylanases on Wheat Bran

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhay Raj ◽  
Sharad Kumar ◽  
Sudheer Kumar Singh ◽  
Mahadeo Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Xylanase Activity ◽  
Syringic Acid ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Xylan Hydrolysis ◽  
Crude Enzyme Preparation ◽  
Crude Preparation

Providenciasp. strain X1 showing the highest xylanase activity among six bacterial isolates was isolated from saw-dust decomposing site. Strain X1 produced cellulase-free extracellular xylanase, which was higher in wheat bran medium than in xylan medium, when cultivated at pH 8.0 and 35°C. Zymogram analysis of crude preparation of enzymes obtained while growing on wheat bran and birchwood xylan revealed the presence of seven and two distinct xylanases with estimated molecular weight of 33; 35; 40; 48; 60; 75; and 95 kDa and 33 and 44 kDa, respectively. The crude xylanases were produced on wheat bran medium and showed optimum activity at pH 9.0 and 60°C. The thermotolerance studies showed activity retention of 100% and 85% at 40°C and 60°C after 30 min preincubation at pH 9.0. It was tolerant to lignin, ferulic acid, syringic acid, and guaiacol and retained 90% activity after ethanol treatment. The enzyme preparation was also tolerant to methanol and acetone and showed good activity retention in the presence of metal ions such as Fe2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, and Ca2+. The crude enzyme preparation was classified as endoxylanase based on the product pattern of xylan hydrolysis. Pretreatment of kraft pulp with crude xylanases for 3 h at 60°C led to a decrease in kappa number by 28.5%. The properties of present xylanases make them potentially useful for industrial applications.

Intake and liveweight response of sheep fed three ground and pelleted cereal straws

1974 ◽  
Vol 14 (69) ◽  
pp. 449 ◽  
Author(s):  
JG Mulholland ◽  
JB Coombe ◽  
WR McManus
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Oat Straw ◽  
Highly Correlated

Wheat, oat and barley straws, ground and pelleted, with and without supplements of urea and minerals, were fed to groups of sheep in pens. Dry matter intake of oat straw was 53 per cent higher than that of wheat straw, which was 33 per cent higher than that of barley straw. Intake of straw was highly correlated with in vitro digestibility. Liveweight losses reflected changes in intake and were lowest on the oat straw and highest on the barley straw. Over all diets supplementation significantly increased intake and reduced liveweight loss.

Cellulase and xylanase activity of the rumen anaerobic fungi grown on untreated and sodium hydroxide treated barley straw

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 ◽  
pp. 152-152
Author(s):  
M. Rezaeian ◽  
D. S. Parker ◽  
G. W. Beakes
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Xylanase Activity ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Anaerobic Fungi ◽  
Dry Matter Loss ◽  
The World

The treatment of straw with sodium hydroxide in order to upgrade its nutritive value and to increase the utilisation of its energy by ruminants has been widely employed in many parts of the world. The aim of the experiment was to assess the fibrolytic activity of the anaerobic fungi in vitro using either untreated or NaOH treated barley straw.Anaerobic fungi were isolated from the rumen of a sheep fed with a diet of hay and lucerne pellets using medium C based on that described by Davies et al. (1993) and as modified by Rezaeian (1996). The Isolates were inoculated into two series of culture media containing either sodium hydroxide treated (TS) or untreated milled straw (US). Five replicate cultures were prepared and incubated at 39 °C over a period of 12 days. The dry matter loss of the substrates and changes in pH of the medium cultures were measured.

NUTRITIVE VALUE OF SEDGE AND KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS HAYS GROWN IN ALBERTA

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. J. HORTON ◽  
L. W. McELROY
Keyword(s):  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Lake Bottom ◽  
Oat Straw

The nutritive values of sedge and Kentucky bluegrass hays grown in a partially drained lake bottom in central Alberta were assessed in the laboratory and compared with those of brome–fescue hay and oat straw. The extent and rate of in vitro digestion for each forage with rumen fluid from cows fed either sedge, Kentucky bluegrass or brome–fescue were measured using a two-stage technique. The forages were analyzed for proximate components and minerals, and the rumen fluid for trichloroacetic acid-insoluble nitrogen (TCA-N) and volatile fatty acids (VFA). The effects of sulphur and phosphorus supplementation on the in vitro digestion of purified cellulose in the presence of aqueous extracts of sedge, Kentucky bluegrass and brome–fescue were also determined. In vitro dry matter and cellulose digestibilities were highest for brome–fescue and lowest for oat straw; DMD values for Kentucky bluegrass were consistently higher (P > 0.05) than for sedge. Phosphorus supplementation did not enhance cellulose digestion with brome–fescue extract, but with sedge and Kentucky bluegrass extracts, the responses were significant. Ruminal TCA-N and VFA concentrations were highest after feeding brome–fescue, followed by Kentucky bluegrass and then sedge. These studies indicated that the nutritive value of brome–fescue hay was highest, followed by Kentucky bluegrass and sedge hays, and then oat straw.

Assessment of the potential of feed enzyme additives to enhance utilization of corn silage fibre by ruminants

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Su Eun ◽  
Karen A Beauchemin
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Xylanase Activity ◽  
Enzymic Activity ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Endoglucanase Activity ◽  
Rumen Microorganisms ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre

We hypothesized that the fermentation of corn silage by a mixed culture of rumen microorganisms in an in vitro system could be increased using exogenous fibrolytic enzyme additives (FE), and that the improvement would depend on the dose of cellulase or xylanase activity provided. An in vitro assay was used to determine the effects of FE on gas production (GP) and degradability of fibre after 24 h of incubation in buffered ruminal fluid. Eight FE with endoglucanase and xylanase activities were evaluated at one dose (0.5 mg g-1 of forage dry matter), providing variable units of enzymic activity. Only one product improved fibre degradability (9.1 and 29.9% increases for neutral and acid detergent fibre, respectively; P < 0.05). The FE were reassessed when added to supply the same dose of enzymic activity: 807 units of endoglucanase or 477 units of xylanase activity g-1 of forage dry matter (a unit was defined as nmol of reducing sugar released min-1). The FE had greater impact on GP (21% increase; P < 0.05) and fibre degradation (29 and 60% increases for neutral and acid detergent fibre, respectively; P< 0.05) when equalized for endoglucanase activity than when equalized for xylanase activity. Enzyme products high in endoglucanase activity and low in xylanase activity have the potential to improve the use of corn silage by ruminants. Key words: Corn silage, degradability, exogenous fibrolytic enzymes, gas production

The in vitro digestion of roughage dry matter

1959 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Oat Straw

1. An in vitro apparatus is described for measuring the percentage dry-matter digestibility of roughages.2. Samples of hay, dried herbage, oat hay and oat straw were tested in vitro and the values obtained compared with in vivo results obtained with sheep.

scholarly journals Effect of soybean molasses-adsorbents on in vitro ruminal fermentation characteristics, milk production performance in lactating dairy cows

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Chen ◽  
Bin Li ◽  
Ao Ren ◽  
Zhiwei Kong ◽  
Chuanshe Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Corn Meal ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows

This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro fermentation characteristics of corncob powder (CRP), wheat bran (WB), rice husk (RH), defatted bran (DB) and soybean hulls (SH) when mixed with soybean molasses at a ratio of 30:100 (dry matter basis), using a batch culture incubation. During in vitro study, SH showed better fermentation characteristics (including greater maximum gas production, shorter time to achieve half of Vf, greater concentrations of acetate, propionate and total VFA, and less initial fractional rate of degradation) than other four substrates, while WB had the greatest values of DM and NDF disappearance, NH3-N and butyrate concentrations among substrates. A randomized complete block designed in vivo experiment was conducted with 24 Holstein cows (534 ± 58 kg BW, 2.8 ± 0.7 parity, 129 ± 23 d in milk) randomly assigned to three experimental diets: Control, WB (WB adsorbed to soybean molasses replaced 150 g of corn meal per 1000 g of diet dry matter [DM]) or SH (SH adsorbed to soybean molasses replaced 100 g of wheat bran and 50 g corn meal per 1000 g of diet DM). The results indicated that cows received WB diet had greater (P<0.01) milk fat and total milk solid content than cows fed control and SH diets, and cows received WB and SH diets tended to have greater (P<0.01) milk protein content and blood glutamic-pyruvic transaminase concentration than cows fed control diet. Furtherly, cows received WB diet had greater (P<0.01) blood amylase and lactate dehydrogenase concentration than that of cows fed control diet during middle lactation. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of molasses adsorbed by-products like WB and SH have positive effect on promoting rumen fermentation, milk quality and blood metabolism in early- and middle-lactating dairy cows. The results offered a new products and feeding way in dairy farming

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document