scholarly journals Analysis of aristolochlic acids and evaluation of antibacterial activity of Aristolochia clematitis L.

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gergely Sámuel Bartha ◽  
Gergő Tóth ◽  
Péter Horváth ◽  
Eszter Kiss ◽  
Nóra Papp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Aristolochic Acids ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Stem Leaf ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extracts

Introduction Several Aristolochia species were used as medicinal herb across Europe and in recent years, their antimicrobial activity has also been investigated. Materials and methods In this study, A. clematitis was selected to evaluate the aristolochic acids I and II (AA I and AA II) concentrations and the antimicrobial activity of methanol, hexane, butanol, and ethyl acetate extracts of the root, stem, leaf, root, and fruit. AA I and AA II contents were measured by a validated high-performance liquid chromatography–ultraviolet method. Results Each fraction of the plant contained AA I and AA II and the root was found to have the highest contents of AA I (1.09%) and AA II (0.7454%). The minimum inhibitory concentrations of all extracts were determined by standard microdilution method. The fruit’s extracts showed the most efficient antimicrobial effect against both methicillin sensitive and resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. Conclusion Correlation between the AA I and AA II concentrations and the antimicrobial effect was not found.

The First Report on Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Study of Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole against Staphylococcus aureus with a Neutropenic Murine Thigh Infection Model

Chemotherapy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 224-232
Author(s):  
Mao Hagihara ◽  
Hideo Kato ◽  
Shinya Uchida ◽  
Rieko Yamashita ◽  
Shimako Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Fixed Ratio ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Single Dosage

Introduction: With an increase in the incidence of Staphylococcus aureus infections in the healthcare settings and in the community, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) has been suggested as a convenient treatment option. However, the appropriate dosage regimen of TMP/SMX is unclear. Objective: This study aimed to examine the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) of TMP/SMX against S. aureus using a neutropenic murine thigh infection model. Methods: Five S. aureus isolates with TMP/SMX (1:5 fixed ratio) minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 0.032–64 μg/mL were tested. The antimicrobial efficacy of TMP/SMX (1–689 mg/kg/day: dose shown as SMX dosage) was calculated as the change in bacterial density after 24 h of treatment. The plasma concentrations of TMP/SMX were detected using high-performance liquid chromatography. Results: After TMP/SMX single dose (130 mg/kg), the half-life, area under the blood concentration curve (AUC0–∞), and the protein binding ratio of SMX were 1.5 h, 718.2 μg h/mL, and 73.0 ± 8.3%, respectively. The free AUC/MIC and free %time (%T) above the MIC of SMX were better correlated with the in vivo antimicrobial activity than Cmax/MIC (free AUC/MIC, R2 = 0.69; free %T > MIC, R2 = 0.71; free Cmax/MIC, R2 = 0.53). The distributed doses (2–3 times per day) of TMP/SMX (130, 260, and 390 mg/kg/day) showed higher antimicrobial activity than the single dosage. However, TMP/SMX did not show its antimicrobial activity at <100% free %T > MIC. Conclusions: The TMP/SMX treatment demonstrated that the free AUC/MIC of SMX was the better predictor of the PK/PD index of TMP/SMX.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the antibacterial activity of Artemisia ludoviciana subsp. Mexican against three enterobacteria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Alejandro Hernández-Morales ◽  
Francisco Javier Ávila-Padrón ◽  
Candy Carranza-Álvarez ◽  
Juan José Maldonado-Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Phytochemical Profile ◽  
Artemisia Ludoviciana

Fractionated extraction of the leaves of Artemisia ludoviciana subsp. mexicana was performed, using hexane, dichloromethane and methanol, to obtain compounds of different polarity. Essential oils, aqueous decoction and hydroalcoholic extract were also obtained. Phytochemical profile was determined for each extract based on coloration and precipitation tests. Extracts were evaluated against three enterobacteria using the plate microdilution method. Chemical analysis revealed that dichloromethane fraction has a greater variety of compounds than hexane and methanolic fractions. The content of compounds of dichloromethane fraction correlates with the highest antimicrobial activity observed, suggesting that metabolites responsible for antimicrobial effect are intermediate polarity. Regarding extracts, ethanolic extract exerts a better effect than the decoction, while the essential oil shows the same antibacterial effect at low concentrations. Results demonstrate that A. ludoviciana subsp. mexicana has a great variety of compounds, which, according to their nature, can be eluted with solvents of different polarity. These compounds contribute to the antibacterial effect attributed to this plant.

scholarly journals Antibacterial activities of extracts from twelve Centaurea species from Turkey

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 685-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yener Tekeli ◽  
Gokhan Zengin ◽  
Abdurrahman Aktumsek ◽  
Mehmet Sezgin ◽  
Emrah Torlak
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Based Medicine

Members of the genus Centaurea (Asteraceae) have been used in traditional plant-based medicine. The methanol extracts of twelve Centaurea species, of which five are endemic to Turkey flora, were screened for antibacterial activity against four bacteria (Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella enteritidis, Staphylococcus aureus). The antibacterial activity was evaluated by the microdilution method and the minimum inhibition concentrations (MIC) of the extracts were determined. C. cariensis subsp. microlepis exhibited an antimicrobial effect on all tested microorganisms. The extracts from eight Centaurea species (C. balsamita, C. calolepis, C. cariensis subsp. maculiceps, C. cariensis subsp. microlepis, C. kotschyi var. kotschyi, C. solstitialis subsp. solstitialis, C. urvillei subsp. urvillei and C. virgata) possessed antibacterial activity against several of the tested microorganisms.

scholarly journals Synergy between Essential Oils of Calamintha Species (Lamiaceae) and Antibiotics

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1801300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Milenković ◽  
Jelena Stošović ◽  
Violeta Slavkovska
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
The Subject

The subject of the study was the investigation of the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils (EOs) isolated from Calamintha sylvatica, C. vardarensis, C. nepeta and C. glandulosa, as well as their antibacterial activity in combination with antibiotics. The quantitative and qualitative analysis of EOs was performed using the GC/FID and GC/MS methods. The antimicrobial activity of EOs against six standard bacterial strains and one strain of yeast was tested using the broth microdilution method, while the antimicrobial activity of a combination of essential oils and gentamicin/ciprofloxacin was tested by the checkerboard method. The dominant components (> 10%) of the essential oils were: cis-piperitone epoxide and menthone ( C. sylvatica), pulegone and menthone ( C. vardarensis), pulegone and piperitenone ( C. nepeta), pulegone, piperitenone, menthone and piperitone ( C. glandulosa). EOs did not exhibit significant antimicrobial activity except the essential oil of C. vardarensis which was selectively active against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC - 21.25 μg/mL). The overall effect of essential oil-antibiotic combinations varied from synergistic (FICI ≤ 0.5) to antagonistic (FICI ≥ 2) depending on the bacterial strain tested.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity and thiosulfinates profile of a formulation based on Allium cepa L. extract

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-181
Author(s):  
O. Orăşan ◽  
R. Oprean ◽  
A. Saplonţai-Pop ◽  
M. Filip ◽  
R. Carpa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Allium Cepa ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Ultrapure Water ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Liquid Extract ◽  
Allium Cepa L

AbstractBackgroundAllium species extracts including Allium cepa L. contain sulfur compounds, known for their antiplatelet, antimicrobial, antineoplasic activities.MethodologyAntibacterial activity of a formulation based on A. cepa extracts-liquid and lyophilized samples, has been demonstrated using two classes of bacteria: Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and three methods: discs soaked with liquid extract, the wells method in the culture medium, filled with the liquid extract and lyophilized formulation extracts transformed by the incorporation of ultrapure water. The second part of this study includes identification of thiosulfinates compounds from the studied samples by high performance liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS).ResultsThe most important inhibition and the highest antibacterial effficiency were observed against Gram-positive bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus. The HPLC-MS thiosulfinates profile of the tested formulation extracts shows the presence of seven thiosulfinate compounds, MeS(O)S 1-propenyl (E,Z); n-PrS(O)S 1-propenyl-(E); n-PrS(O)S 1-propenyl-(Z); trans-zwiebelane; n-PrS(O)CHEtSS-1propenyl; 1-propenylS(O)CHEtSS1-propenyl, which may be responsible for antibacterial activity.ConclusionTesting antimicrobial effects using the three mentioned methods confirmed the antimicrobial activity of the tested samples based on A. cepa extracts, with a demonstrated content of seven thiosulfinate compounds.

scholarly journals Combination Therapy of Sophoraflavanone B against MRSA:In VitroSynergy Testing

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su-Hyun Mun ◽  
Ok-Hwa Kang ◽  
Dae-Ki Joung ◽  
Sung-Bae Kim ◽  
Yun-Soo Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antibacterial Drug ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Kill Curve ◽  
Time Kill

Sophoraflavanone B (SPF-B), a known prenylated flavonoid, was isolated from the roots ofDesmodium caudatum. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial synergism of SPF-B combined with antibiotics against methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA). MRSA, a multidrug-resistant pathogen, causes both hospital- and community-acquired infections worldwide. The antimicrobial activity of SPF-B was assessed by the broth microdilution method, checkerboard dilution test, and time-kill curve assay. The MIC of SPF-B for 7 strains ofS. aureusranges from 15.6 to 31.25 μg/mL determined. In the checkerboard method, the combinations of SPF-B with antibiotics had a synergistic effect; SPF-B markedly reduced the MICs of theβ-lactam antibiotics: ampicillin (AMP) and oxacillin (OXI); aminoglycosides gentamicin (GET); quinolones ciprofloxacin (CIP) and norfloxacin (NOR) against MRSA. The time-kill curves assay showed that a combined SPF-B and selected antibiotics treatment reduced the bacterial counts below the lowest detectable limit after 24 h. These data suggest that the antibacterial activity of SPF-B against MRSA can be effectively increased through its combination with three groups of antibiotics (β-lactams, aminoglycosides, and quinolones). Our research can be a valuable and significant source for the development of a new antibacterial drug with low MRSA resistance.

Complexes of Cu (II) with a-Ketoglutaric Acid and 1- (o-tolyl) Biguanide Synthesis, characterization and biological Activity

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 3603-3610
Author(s):  
Madalina Mihalache ◽  
Cornelia Guran ◽  
Aurelia Meghea ◽  
Vasile Bercu ◽  
Ludmila Motelica ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Biological Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Copper Complexes ◽  
Substrate Adhesion ◽  
Inert Substrate

The three copper complexes having a-ketoglutaric acid (H2A) and 1- (o-tolyl) biguanide (TB) ligands have been synthesized and characterized. The proposed formulas for these complexes are: [Cu(TB)(HA)]Cl (C1), [Cu(TB)(HA)CH3COO]�H2O (C2) and [Cu(TB)(HA)](NO3) (C3) where HA represents deprotonated H2A. The complexes obtained were tested for antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, antifungal activity on Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and antitumor activity on HeLa tumor cells. Due to the antitumor, antifungal, antimicrobial activity and inhibition of inert substrate adhesion, complexes synthesized could be used for potential therapeutic applications.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antibacterial Effect of the Methanolic Extract of the Korean Soybean Fermented Product Doenjang against Staphylococcus aureus

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 2319
Author(s):  
Klara Lalouckova ◽  
Lucie Mala ◽  
Petr Marsik ◽  
Eva Skrivanova
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Antibacterial Compound ◽  
Fermented Product ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry showed soyasaponin I and the isoflavones daidzein, genistein, and glycitein to be the main components of the methanolic extract of the Korean soybean fermented product doenjang, which is known to be a rich source of naturally occurring bioactive substances, at average contents of 515.40, 236.30, 131.23, and 29.00 ng/mg, respectively. The antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extract of doenjang against nine Staphylococcusaureus strains was determined in vitro by the broth microdilution method to investigate its potential to serve as an alternative antibacterial compound. The results suggest that the extract is an effective antistaphylococcal agent at concentrations of 2048–4096 µg/mL. Moreover, the tested extract also showed the ability to inhibit the growth of both methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant animal and clinical S. aureus isolates. The growth kinetics of the chosen strains of S. aureus at the minimum inhibitory concentration of the methanolic extract of doenjang support the idea that the tested extract acts as an antibacterial compound. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the antistaphylococcal action of the methanolic extract of doenjang thus, additional studies including in vivo testing are necessary to confirm this hypothesis.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Effect of Plasma-Activated Tap Water on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 1480
Author(s):  
William Chiappim ◽  
Aline da Graça Sampaio ◽  
Felipe Miranda ◽  
Mariana Fraga ◽  
Gilberto Petraconi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Gliding Arc ◽  
Oxidation Reduction ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Oxidation Reduction Potential

In this study, the potential antimicrobial activity of plasma-activated tap water (PAW) was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. For this, PAW was prepared in a gliding arc plasma system using two treatment conditions: stagnant water and water stirring by a magnetic stirrer, called moving water. Subsequently, their oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), pH, electrical conductivity (σ), and total dissolved solids (TDS) were monitored in different areas of the sample divided according to the depth of the beaker. It was observed that PAW obtained in dynamic conditions showed a more uniform acidity among the evaluated areas with pH 3.53 and ORP of 215 mV. Finally, standardized suspensions of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Escherichia coli (ATCC 10799), and Candida albicans (SC 5314) were treated with PAW, and the reduction of viable cells determined the antimicrobial effect. Our results indicate that the tap water, activated by plasma treatment using gliding arc, is an excellent inactivation agent in the case of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. On the other hand, no significant antimicrobial activity was achieved for Candida albicans.

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