Fungal endophytes: isolation and diversity among Nicotiana tabacum (Solanaceae) organs

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 175-186
Author(s):  
M. F. Vianna ◽  
S. Pelizza ◽  
M. L. Russo ◽  
S. Rodriguez ◽  
A. C. Scorsetti
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Stems And Leaves

The diversity of fungal endophytes is poorly known and particularly in the case of Nicotiana tabacum, the literature is limited. The present study assessed and compared the diversity and distribution of endophytic fungi between different organs of tobacco plants. We calculated the relative frequency and rates of colonisation and of isolation of endophytic fungi in roots, stems and leaves, as well as the Shannon–Wiener and Simpson diversity indexes. Similarities between assemblages from the studied organs were also analysed. A total of 1588 endophytic fungal strains assigned to 31 morphospecies were isolated. The highest diversity of endophytes was found in leaves, being Fusarium graminearum and Alternaria botrytis the most common fungal species. This study provides information on the distribution of fungal endophytes inhabiting leaves, stems, and roots of N. tabacum and thus can serve as a starting point for increasing our comprehension on the interactions in which these fungi are involved.

Endophytic fungi as a promising biocontrol agent to protect wheat from Fusarium graminearum head blight

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Albert Noel ◽  
Ludmilla Roze ◽  
Mikaela Breunig ◽  
Frances Trail
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Species Definitions

The search for beneficial endophytes that can be part of a constructed microbial community has increased in recent years. We characterized three endophytic fungi previously isolated from wheat for their in vitro and in planta antagonism toward the Fusarium head blight pathogen, Fusarium graminearum. The endophytes were phylogenetically characterized and shown to be Alternaria destruens, Fusarium commune, and Fusarium oxysporum. Individual fungal endophytes significantly increased seed weight and lowered the accumulation of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol compared to F. graminearum infected wheat heads without endophyte pretreatment. Investigation into the mechanism of competition in vitro showed that endophytes competitively excluded F. graminearum by pre-emptive colonization and possible inhibition over a distance. Investigations on the use of these endophytes in the field are in progress. Identification of these three endophytes highlights a common quandary in searching for beneficial microbes to use in agriculture: species definitions often do not separate individual isolates’ lifestyles. A greater understanding of the risks in using intraspecies variants for biocontrol is needed and should be examined in the context of the ecology of the individuals being investigated.

scholarly journals Diversity of Foliar Endophytic Fungi in Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam. and Citrus reticulata Blanco of Tripura

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-258
Author(s):  
Sanchita Bhattacharya ◽  
◽  
Sanjit Debnath ◽  
Ajay Saha ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Citrus Reticulata ◽  
Artocarpus Heterophyllus ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Citrus Reticulata Blanco

Present investigation dealt with the isolation and diversity of foliar fungal endophytes from two fruit yielding plants of Tripura state. Seasonal distributions of endophytes in respect to fruiting and non-fruiting season in two host plants were also studied. Twenty one fungal strains along with one nonsporulating hyaline form were isolated as foliar endophytes from the two host plants. In both fruiting and non-fruiting seasons, from Citrus reticulata seven foliar endophytic fungi were isolated. Whereas from Artocarpus heterophyllus in both the season eleven fungal endophytes with one nonsporulating hyaline form were isolated. The relative frequencies of isolated fungi from both A. heterophyllus and C. reticulata in fruiting and non-fruiting season significantly differed among the sampling sites, whereas relative frequencies individual endophytic fungus showed no significant differences among various sampling sites.

scholarly journals Study on Endophytic Fungi Associated with Moringa oleifera Lam. Collected from Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Indriati Ramadhani ◽  
Hasnadiazahra Rohadi ◽  
Yeni Yuliani ◽  
Muhammad Ilyas
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Slight Modification ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Surface Sterilization ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Lombok Island ◽  
Moringa Oleifera Lam

An assemblage of endophytic fungi was isolated from Moringa oleifera Lam. collected from Lombok island, West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. Fungal endophytes were isolated using surface sterilization methods with slight modification. Forty-six selected endophytic fungal strains were isolated from the leaves, petioles, and stems of M. oleifera. The fungal strains identification through morphological observation and ITS rDNA-based molecular analysis showed that fungal endophytes were associated with host plants belonging to the taxa Alternaria, Cladosporium, Colletotrichum (Glomerella), Corynespora, Curvularia (Cochliobolus), Fusarium, Mucor, Ochrocladosporium, Phomopsis (Diaporthe), and Trametes. In this study, endophytic Phomopsis dominating the obtained strains, whereas 26% (12/46) strains were isolated from host plant samples.

Fungal endophyte assemblages from ethnopharmaceutically important medicinal trees

2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 427-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mysore V Tejesvi ◽  
Basavanna Mahesh ◽  
Monnanda S Nalini ◽  
Harishchandra S Prakash ◽  
Kukkundoor R Kini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Southern India ◽  
Terminalia Arjuna ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Large Reservoir ◽  
Medicinal Tree ◽  
Individual Trees

Endophytic fungi represent an interesting group of microorganisms associated with the healthy tissues of terrestrial plants. They represent a large reservoir of genetic diversity. Fungal endophytes were isolated from the inner bark segments of ethnopharmaceutically important medicinal tree species, namely Terminalia arjuna, Crataeva magna, Azadirachta indica, Holarrhena antidysenterica, Terminalia chebula, and Butea monosperma (11 individual trees), growing in different regions of southern India. Forty-eight fungal species were recovered from 2200 bark segments. Mitosporic fungi represented a major group (61%), with ascomycetes (21%) and sterile mycelia (18%) the next major groups. Species of Fusarium, Pestalotiopsis, Myrothecium, Trichoderma, Verticillium, and Chaetomium were frequently isolated. Exclusive fungal taxa were recovered from five of the six plant species considered for the study of endophytic fungi. Rarefaction indices for species richness indicated the highest expected number of species for bark segments were isolated from T. arjuna and A. indica (20 species each) and from C. magna (18 species).Key words: bark, endophytes, medicinal trees, southern India.

scholarly journals In vitro- exploration of Fungal Endophytes of Egyptian Cynara scolymus L. (artichoke) and Investigation of some their bioactive potentials

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Dicaffeoylquinic Acid

<p>Plant-associated microorganisms, especially endophytic fungi, represent an untapped resource for the discovery of biologically active natural products. The objectives of this study were to isolate, identify endophytic fungi, and produce their bioactive metabolites from the leaves of two varieties of Egyptian artichoke namely: French Hyrious and Egyptian Baladi. In addition, assess of their total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC). The results of this novel study show a total of 35 endophytic fungal species belonging to 14 genera were isolated from both artichoke leaves with gross total counts of colonizing endophytic fungi ranged from 71 to 123 cfu which is matching 78.89% to 136.67% of colonization frequency. All taxa recovered were assigned to Ascomycetes. In addition, there is high species richness and diversity indices of endophytic filamentous fungi in the leaves Baladi Artichoke as compared to its French rival. &nbsp;<em>Alternaria alternata</em> were found to be the most frequently isolated dominant species. The TAC, TPC and TFC of the fungal cultures ranged from 163 to 681 mgAAE/gDW, 10.38 to 40.30 mgGAE/ gDW, and 13.92 to 173.55 mgQE/gDW, respectively. Furthermore, LC-ESI-MS/MS confirmed the presence of 1,3-dicaffeoylquinic acid and 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid in the methanolic extract of <em>A. alternata.</em> Hence, this novel study suggested that the metabolites produced by endophytic fungi associated with Egyptian artichoke could be explored as an economic and potential natural resources with diverse pharmaceutical and biological activities.</p>

scholarly journals The Role of Endophytic Fungi in the Anticancer Activity ofMorinda citrifoliaLinn. (Noni)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yougen Wu ◽  
Sisay Girmay ◽  
Vitor Martins da Silva ◽  
Brian Perry ◽  
Xinwen Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Human Carcinoma ◽  
Molecular Sequence ◽  
Anticancer Properties

We hypothesize that the fungal endophytes of noni may possibly play a role in its overall pharmacological repertoire, especially since the perceived efficacy of the fruit in ethnomedicinal use is associated with the fermented juice. The foremost goal of this study is to explore the role of endophyte-derived secondary metabolites in the purported anticancer properties of noni. To that end, culturable endophytic fungi resident within the healthy leaves and fruit of the plant were isolated and identified by molecular sequence analysis of the 5.8S gene and internal transcribed spacers (ITS). Purified organisms were subjected toin vitrofermentation in malt extract broth for 8 weeks under anaerobic conditions at room temperature (25°C), in order to simulate the conditions under which traditional fermented noni juice is prepared. The cytotoxic potential of organic extracts derived from the fermented broths of individual endophytes was then tested against three major cancers that afflict humans. Twelve distinct endophytic fungal species were obtained from the leaves and 3 from the fruit. Three of the leaf endophytes inhibited the growth of human carcinoma cell lines LU-1 (lung), PC-3 (prostate), and MCF-7 (breast) with IC50values of ≤10 μg/mL.

Isolation, Identification and Molecular Characterization of Endophytic Fungi from the leaves of Coelogyne species, and their role as an Antimicrobial agent

2021 ◽  
pp. 5613-5617
Author(s):  
Akila Shree J ◽  
Krishnaveni C
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Colonization Frequency ◽  
Host Tissues

Endophytic fungi from Orchids believed to have an essential symbiotic relationship with the plant for both the germination of seeds and the development of young plantlets. Endophytes are microorganisms which live in the intercellular spaces of healthy host tissues without causing apparent symptoms. Endophytic fungi isolated from the medicinal plants are used for the development of drugs as they act as the source of bioactive compounds. This study has been designed to isolate the fungal endophytes from the leaves of three epiphytic orchid species (Coelogyne nervosa, A. Rich., Coelogyne mossiae, Rolf and Coelogyne cristata, Lindl) from the same genus Coelogyne, collected from Ooty flora, Coonoor. About five different endophytes were identified and their morphological characters were studied. Coelogyne cristata showed maximum colonization frequency. Among the five species, Fusarium species showed antibacterial activity against the gram-positive bacteria Bacillus Subtilis, a pathogen found in soil, water and food. Fungal genomic DNA isolated for molecular identification from the four fungal species.

scholarly journals Studies of endophytic fungi in some grassland plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Goomaral Altansukh ◽  
Nyamtseren Zorigtbaatar ◽  
Oyunsuvd Sumiya ◽  
Undarmaa Jamsran
Keyword(s):  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Edible Plant ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Artemisia Frigida ◽  
Grassland Plants ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Stems And Leaves

  Most endophytes have beneficial properties for host plants, and some endophytic fungi are relatively harmless to plants, but some endophytic fungi can harm for animals. Thus, based on the study of edible plant of animals, we isolated from 2017 and 2018 years 71 pure cultures of endophytic fungi from the roots, stems and leaves of 6 plant species, such as Artemisia Frigida, Allium Bidentatum, Artenisia Adamsii, Kochia Prostrarta, Stipa Krylovii, Carex Duriuscula,. Based on the results we isolate seventy-one fungal strains from plant organs.The fungal strains identified based on their morphological characteristics such as Alternaria (16), Aspergillus (21), Fusarium (23), Pennicilium (6), Phoma (2), Trihoderma harzianum (2), Pestalotiopsis sp (1).Three classes, Dothiodeomycetes, Eurotiomycetes and Sordariomycetes have been identified in the DNA phylogenetic tree of the genomes of most edible plants of animal. According to the Statistical analysis of DCA process, Penicillium and Fusarium were found in 2017, and Aspegillus and Phoma were found in 2018. These differences suggest that different environmental parameters such as precipitation, temperature, humidity or seasonality play an important role in the distribution of endophytes. Бэлчээрийн зарим ургамлын эндофит мөөгөнцрийн судалгаа Ихэнх эндофитууд нь эзэн ургамалдаа ашигтай шинж чанар үзүүлдэг ба цөөхөн хэдэн  эндофит мөөгөнцөр ургамлдаа өвчин үүсгэгч гэх үзүүлэх сөрөг нөлөө нь харьцангүй бага боловч мал гэмтээдэг болохыг тогтоосон байдаг. Иймд бид ургамлын идэмжийн судалгаанд тулгуурлан улирал тус бүрт мал сонгон идэж буй шивээт Хялгана, шүдлэг Сонгино, дэлхээ Тогторгоно, ширэг Улалж, агь Шарилж, адамсийн Шарилж зэрэг 6 зүйл ургамлын үндэс, иш, навчнаас эндофит мөөгөнцрийн 71 цэвэр өсгөвөр ялгасан. Ургамлын эрхтэн тус бүрээс цэвэр өсгөврийн төрлийн хамаарлыг морфологи шинж чанараар тодорхойлоход 7 төрөлд хамаарагдав. Үүнд: Ихэнх ургамлын өсгөвөрөөр Alternaria (16), Aspergillus (21), Fusarium (23), Pennicilium (6), Phoma (2), Trihoderma harzianum (2), Pestalotiopsis sp (1).  Мал голлон иддэг ургамлын геномын ДНХ-н филогенетикийн мод хийхэд Dothiodeomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Sordariomycetes гэсэн гурван анги илэрсэн.  Статистик боловсруулалтын төсөөний процетоор (DCA) тодорхойлход Penicillium, Fusarium мөөгөнцөр 2017 онд илэрч байсан бол, 2018 онд Aspegillus, Phoma төрлийн мөөгөнцөр  илэрч байна. Эдгээр ялгаа нь эндофитын тархалтад хур тунадас, агаарын температур, чийгшил эсвэл улирлын байдал зэрэг орчны янз бүрийн параметрүүд чухал үүрэг гүйцэтгэдэг болохыг харуулж байна.  Түлхүүр үг: Мөөгөнцөр, эндофит, цэвэр өсгөвөр, молекул биологи

scholarly journals Nanoencapsulated Essential Oils with Enhanced Antifungal Activity for Potential Application on Agri-Food, Material and Environmental Fields

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Magdaléna Kapustová ◽  
Giuseppe Granata ◽  
Edoardo Napoli ◽  
Andrea Puškárová ◽  
Mária Bučková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Winning Strategy ◽  
Colloidal Suspensions ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Food Material ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽  
Fungal Strains

Nanotechnology is a new frontier of this century that finds applications in various fields of science with important effects on our life and on the environment. Nanoencapsulation of bioactive compounds is a promising topic of nanotechnology. The excessive use of synthetic compounds with antifungal activity has led to the selection of resistant fungal species. In this context, the use of plant essential oils (EOs) with antifungal activity encapsulated in ecofriendly nanosystems could be a new and winning strategy to overcome the problem. We prepared nanoencapsules containing the essential oils of Origanum vulgare (OV) and Thymus capitatus (TC) by the nanoprecipitation method. The colloidal suspensions were characterized for size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, efficiency of encapsulation (EE) and loading capacity (LC). Finally, the essential oil nanosuspensions were assayed against a panel of fourteen fungal strains belonging to the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota phyla. Our results show that the nanosystems containing thyme and oregano essential oils were active against various fungal strains from natural environments and materials. In particular, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values were two to four times lower than the pure essential oils. The aqueous, ecofriendly essential oil nanosuspensions with broad-spectrum antifungal activity could be a valid alternative to synthetic products, finding interesting applications in the agri-food and environmental fields.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Fungal Endophytes Isolated from Medicinal Plant Ephedra pachyclada as Plant Growth-Promoting

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mohamed Aly Khalil ◽  
Saad El-Din Hassan ◽  
Sultan M. Alsharif ◽  
Ahmed M. Eid ◽  
Emad El-Din Ewais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Penicillium Crustosum ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Penicillium Commune ◽  
Maize Plants ◽  
Growth Promoting

Endophytic fungi are widely present in internal plant tissues and provide different benefits to their host. Medicinal plants have unexplored diversity of functional fungal association; therefore, this study aimed to isolate endophytic fungi associated with leaves of medicinal plants Ephedra pachyclada and evaluate their plant growth-promoting properties. Fifteen isolated fungal endophytes belonging to Ascomycota, with three different genera, Penicillium, Alternaria, and Aspergillus, were obtained from healthy leaves of E. pachyclada. These fungal endophytes have varied antimicrobial activity against human pathogenic microbes and produce ammonia and indole acetic acid (IAA), in addition to their enzymatic activity. The results showed that Penicillium commune EP-5 had a maximum IAA productivity of 192.1 ± 4.04 µg mL−1 in the presence of 5 µg mL−1 tryptophan. The fungal isolates of Penicillium crustosum EP-2, Penicillium chrysogenum EP-3, and Aspergillus flavus EP-14 exhibited variable efficiency for solubilizing phosphate salts. Five representative fungal endophytes of Penicillium crustosum EP-2, Penicillium commune EP-5, Penicillium caseifulvum EP-11, Alternaria tenuissima EP-13, and Aspergillus flavus EP-14 and their consortium were selected and applied as bioinoculant to maize plants. The results showed that Penicillium commune EP-5 increased root lengths from 15.8 ± 0.8 to 22.1 ± 0.6. Moreover, the vegetative growth features of inoculated maize plants improved more than the uninoculated ones.

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