scholarly journals A politikai filozófia a világjárványról

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-266
Keyword(s):  
Political Philosophy ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Online News ◽  
Parliamentary Democracies ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
States Of Emergency ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Defence Strategies ◽  
Political Scene

Összefoglaló. Ez a filozófiai esszé arra tesz kísérletet, hogy megpróbálja nyomon követni a világjárvány kibontakozását, a változatos védelmi stratégiákat, valamint a mégiscsak bekövetkező tragédiákat a politikai filozófia perspektívájából. Mégpedig valós időben. Az esszé abból a hipotézisből indul ki, hogy az emberiséget váratlanul érte ugyan a járvány, mégis igen gyorsan tudott reagálni (lásd az oltóanyag előállításának gyorsaságát), az egyes emberek azonban nem tudtak kilépni saját természetük korlátai közül. Ennek megfelelően a hatalom ismét elkövette a szokásos hibákat, a lázadók lázadtak, és a politika továbbra is a konfliktusok kezelésének művészete maradt. A politikával foglalkozóknak azonban kincsesbánya ez a korszak a politika természetének elemzéséhez. Summary. This paper, written in the genre of the literary essay, tries to keep track of the birth and development of the pandemic, the various defence strategies and the tragedies that took place anyhow, from the perspective of the discipline of political philosophy. Now political philosophy is not characteristically ready to react promptly to the events of the day. It has got a long term perspective, and therefore has no intention to keep an eye on the headlines of the online news portals. It has got long term debits, which cannot be easily paid back in cash. And yet the claim of the paper is that in fact we are confronted by a state of affairs when political philosophy is obliged to take note of contemporary events. And it has to try to respond to those events almost “real time” or directly. We are aware of 4 million dead, by now, which is an unacceptable number. To tackle states of emergency parliaments are usually ready to offer exceptional measures for government action, even in parliamentary democracies. Yet politicians do not necessarily want to take on board the struggle with the virus – they can easily drop it out from the issues of the day –, claiming that public health should not be politicized. Yet by leaving the stage to let professional experts make the decisions, they give up their chance to unite the camp. Statesmen can only unite their camp behind them, if they make use of the window of opportunity opened by an emergency situation, and if they are able to make use of the phobias and anxieties of everyday people, in the fashionable populist, plebeian manner. The essay analyses two basic relationships influenced by the pandemic. One is claimed to be the intergovernmental, or global scene. Here, the great and developing powers are competing with each other, through the still mostly acceptable international norms of taking advantage of inequality. The other is the inner political scene, where there is a growing distrust between the authorities and the ordinary people, fuelled by restrictions, fake news, and forms either of controlling society by illegal means, or of influencing leaders by indirect means. The last part of the essay presents three major aspects from where one can analyse the happenings: a social, a communicational and an economic perspective on its effects. The essay finishes with some cautionary, sceptical notes on human nature, in order to keep vigilance in emergency situations on the loss of balance, either internal or external, to avoid the major dangers.

Impact of the urban construction solutions on the safety population

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
R. D. Oktyabrskiy
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Residential Development ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Urban Construction ◽  
Safety Population ◽  
Peace And War ◽  
The City

The article is devoted to the justification of the need to reduce the population density in the residential development of cities. The analysis of vulnerability of the urban population from threats of emergency situations of peace and war time, and also an assessment of provision of the city by a road network is given. Proposals have been formulated to reduce the vulnerability of the urban population in the long term and to eliminate traffic congestion and congestion — jams.

IMPLEMENTATIONS EMERGENCY RESPONSE SYSTEM IN CASE OF ACCIDENTS AND EMERGENCY SITUATIONS (ERA-GLONASS) FOR CARS AND TRUCKS IN UZBEKISTAN

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akmal Rustamov
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Response ◽  
Call Center ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Main Idea ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Emergency Response System ◽  
Response System

The paper addresses the problem of increasing transportation safety due to usage of new possibilities provided by modern technologies. The proposed approach extends such systems as ERA-GLONASS and eCall via service network composition enabling not only transmitting additional information but also information fusion for defining required emergency means as well as planning for a whole emergency response operation. The main idea of the approach is to model the cyber physical human system components by sets of services representing them. The services are provided with the capability of self- contextualization to autonomously adapt their behaviors to the context of the car-driver system. The approach is illustrated via an accident emergency situation response scenario. “ERA-GLONASS” is the Russian state emergency response system for accidents, aimed at improving road safety and reducing the death rate from accidents by reducing the time for warning emergency services. In fact, this is a partially copied European e Call system with some differences in the data being transmitted and partly backward compatible with the European parent. The principle of the system is quite simple and logical: in the event of an accident, the module built into the car in fully automatic mode and without human intervention determines the severity of the accident, determines the vehicle’s location via GLONASS or GPS, establishes connection with the system infrastructure and in accordance with the protocol, transfers the necessary data on the accident (a certain distress signal). Having received the distress signal, the employee of the call center of the system operator should call the on-board device and find out what happened. If no one answers, send the received data to Sistema-112 and send it to the exact coordinates of the team of rescuers and doctors, and the last one to arrive at the place is given 20 minutes. And all this, I repeat, without the participation of a person: even if people caught in an accident will not be able to independently call emergency services, the data on the accident will still be transferred. In this work intended to add some information about applying system project in Uzbek Roads especially mountain regions like “Kamchik” pass. The Kamchik Pass is a high mountain pass at an elevation of 2.306 m above the sea level, located in the Qurama Mountains in eastern Uzbekistan and its length is about 88km.The road to reach the pass is asphalted, but there are rough sections where the asphalt has disappeared. It’s called A373. The old road over the pass was by passed by a tunnel built in 1999. On the horizon, the snow-capped peaks of the Fan Mountains come into view. The pass is located in the Fergana Valley between the Tashkent and Namangan Regions.

The Acceptance of Party Unity in Parliamentary Democracies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Willumsen
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Parliamentary Democracies ◽  
Survey Questions ◽  
Ideal Policy ◽  
Central Argument ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Policy Incentives

The central argument of this book is that voting unity in European legislatures is not primarily the result of the ‘disciplining’ power of the leadership of parliamentary parties, but rather the result of a combination of ideological homogeneity through self-selection into political parties and the calculations of individual legislators about their own long-term benefits. Despite the central role of policy preferences in the subsequent behaviour of legislators, preferences at the level of the individual legislator have been almost entirely neglected in the study of parliaments and legislative behaviour. The book measures these using an until now under-utilized resource: parliamentary surveys. Building on these, the book develops measures of policy incentives of legislators to dissent from their parliamentary parties, and show that preference similarity amongst legislators explains a very substantial proportion of party unity, yet alone cannot explain all of it. Analysing the attitudes of legislators to the demands of party unity, and what drives these attitudes, the book argues that what explains the observed unity (beyond what preference similarity would explain) is the conscious acceptance by MPs that the long-term benefits of belonging to a united party (such as increased influence on legislation, lower transaction costs, and better chances of gaining office) outweigh the short-terms benefits of always voting for their ideal policy outcome. The book buttresses this argument through the analysis of both open-ended survey questions as well as survey questions on the costs and benefits of belonging to a political party in a legislature.

scholarly journals Mobile Application Design Emergency Medical Call for the Deaf using UCD Method

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Risald Risald ◽  
Suyoto Suyoto ◽  
Albertus Joko Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Emergency Call ◽  
Medical Emergency ◽  
Deaf People ◽  
User Centered Design ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
The People ◽  
Emergency Event ◽  
Audio Communication

<p>Deaf or hearing loss is a condition of inability to hear something, either totally or partially. Hearing loss greatly affects the life of a person in communicating with the people around him. Deaf people will be very difficult when in a medical emergency, this is because the medical emergency situation requires fast action.</p><p>          The Healthy Phone application is a mobile medical emergency call application that can help people with hearing impaired when in emergency situations. With the Healthy Phone application, the user only needs to select an icon that suits the situation encountered in touchscreen mobile device then the message will be sent to the nearest hospital.</p>                To search for icons corresponding to emergencies, the User Centered Design (UCD) method is used. This application is very helpful for deaf people because this application does not require audio communication and user location is also sent automatically to the nearest hospital. The results were analyzed using four emergency event scenarios with a total score of 87% and an average user time of less than 0:42 sec indicating that the study was successful in designing a mobile medical emergency call application according to user requirements.

The British General Election of 1970 - Impressions of an Academic Candidate

1971 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-57
Author(s):  
William Wallace
Keyword(s):  
General Election ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Scientist ◽  
Ideal Types ◽  
Political Behaviour ◽  
Levels Of Reality ◽  
Political Scene ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Political Battle

THE STUDENT OF POLITICS AND THE PRACTITIONER OF POLITICS approach the same problem from different ends. The student is concerned with searching for the underlying realities which can explain the surface shifts of political ephemera; or perhaps with disentangling the different levels of reality which he discerns from his dispassionate observation of the political scene. The practitioner is concerned above all with the intricacies of day-to-day politics. He is interested in long-term patterns of political behaviour only insofar as they affect his political chances, or insofar as foreknowledge will enable him to change and shape the developing pattern. At the opposite ends of this division of interest in the phenomena of politics one may imagine, as ideal types, the ‘pure’ political scientist, the neutral observer of the political battle whose attitude to the contestants and their fluctuating fortunes is one of scholarly detachment, and the dedicated politician, glorying in the clash and chaos of the battlefield, with little more than contempt for those who stand aside and watch. For those who stand towards either end of this division, there are now two separate worlds of politics.

scholarly journals Probabilistic-deterministic approach of controlling the functionality of a technical system in normal and emergency operation modes

2018 ◽  
Vol 226 ◽  
pp. 04008
Author(s):  
Vladimir M. Zababurin ◽  
Marina A. Egorova ◽  
Yuliya A. Polyakova
Keyword(s):  
Open Systems ◽  
System Development ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Emergency Operation ◽  
Technical System ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Recovery Processes ◽  
Current State ◽  
Self Organized Criticality ◽  
Technical Systems

The main disadvantages of the existing methods of managing the current state of technical systems are revealed. A non-standard approach is proposed for managing the functionality of the system in emergency situations. The character of the dynamics of the recovery processes of the technical system is determined as its state approaches the emergency one on the basis of the recommendations of the theory of self-organized criticality (SOC). The physical criteria for assessing the current state of the technical system are revealed. The rationale for using the physical indicator of the functional destabilization of the system is given. The signs of the pre-emergency state of the technical system are considered. A grapho-analytical model for the development of an emergency situation has been developed. The fact of the inevitable increase in the entropy of the system upon its transition to an emergency state is established. Structuring of the system development process in an emergency situation is carried out in three stages. The methodology for estimating the pre-emergency state of complex open systems is presented. The advantages of the proposed approach to managing the state of technical systems in comparison with traditional ones are established.

scholarly journals Emergency: definitions, problems and solutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
V.P. Мiroshnychenko
Keyword(s):  
External Environment ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

Emergency situations constantly accompany the external environment and society bringing major material losses and human casualties. The definitions and general patterns for the development of emergency situations and their role in accidents and disasters were discussed. Actually, there is no single concept in the definition of an emergency. Based on the ana-lysis, the content of the subject was formulated: an emergency is a state of natural and anthropogenic activity in the external environment and society. The mechanism of the emergency situation development is presented. The reason for changing the normative definition of the concept of emergency situation has been substantiated.

scholarly journals Blood Group Detection using Matlab

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (VI) ◽  
pp. 3089-3093
Author(s):  
Sujatha C. N
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Blood Group ◽  
Human Error ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
Group Testing ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
Morphological Operations ◽  
Laboratory Staff ◽  
Emergency Situations

Blood group testing is one of the vital tasks in the area of medicine, in which it is very important during emergency situation before victim requires blood transfusion. Presently, the blood tests are conducted manually by laboratory staff members, which is time consuming process in the emergency situations. Blood group identification within shortest possible time without any human error is an important factor and very much essential. Image processing paves a way in determining blood type without human intervention. Images which are captured using high resolution microscopic camera during the blood slide test in the laboratory which are used for blood type evaluation. The image processing techniques which include thresholding and morphological operations are used. The blood image is separated into sample wise and blood type is decided based on the agglutination effects in those sample images. This project facilitates the identification of blood group even by common people who are unaware of the blood typing procedure.

scholarly journals Influence of VANET System on Movement of Traffic Flows in Emergency Situations

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Algimantas Kajackas ◽  
Vidas Žuraulis ◽  
Edgar Sokolovskij
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Traffic Flows ◽  
Residual Velocity ◽  
Vehicle Collisions ◽  
Emergency Braking ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Vehicle To Vehicle

The paper presents Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) system based on an analysis of the movement of a motorcade in an emergency situation. This analysis seeks to answer the question: when and under what conditions Emergency Message (EM) sent by Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) system reaches the final target to help in preventing of serious accidents, such as multi-vehicle collisions. The model of calculation based on the key principles of vehicle braking enables finding the time to possible collision and the residual velocity of the vehicle. In the calculations, the average values of the driver’s reaction time are accepted; in addition, a sent emergency message is considered to be free of interference. Upon choosing different road and driving conditions, it is found what vehicle of the motorcade stops before the possible obstacle on emergency braking. The performance of vehicles with and without VANET system is compared.

scholarly journals Land subsidence modelling for decision making on groundwater abstraction under emergency situation

2020 ◽  
Vol 382 ◽  
pp. 403-408
Author(s):  
Masaatsu Aichi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Uncertainty Analysis ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Null Space ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Groundwater Abstraction ◽  
Emergency Situations

Abstract. This study presents an inversion scheme with uncertainty analysis for a land subsidence modelling by a Monte Carlo filter in order to contribute to the decision-making on the groundwater abstraction. For real time prediction and uncertainty analysis under the limited computational resources and available information in emergency situations, one dimensional vertical land subsidence simulation was adopted for the forward modelling and the null-space Monte Carlo method was applied for the effective resampling. The proposed scheme was tested with the existing land subsidence monitoring data in Tokyo lowland, Japan. The results demonstrated that the prediction uncertainty converges and the prediction accuracy improves as the observed data increased with time. The computational time was also confirmed to be acceptable range for a real time execution with a laptop.

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